Morphological factors in the grammaticalization of the Catalan “go” past

Diachronica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Juge
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Present Account ◽  
Semantic Development ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
First Person Plural

The Catalan periphrastic perfective past is a so-called “go” past: Vaig cantar, lit. “I-go to-sing”, “I sang” vs. Vaig allà, lit. “I-go there”, “I go there”. Its semantic development has been much discussed, but it presents morphological issues as well. Previous analyses ignore key morphological factors, especially the shift from the early mix of preterit and present auxiliary forms to exclusive use of the present and the development of several variant auxiliary forms. The auxiliary-plus-infinitive construction shares some but not all forms with the lexical verb anar “to go”. Early examples use mostly preterit auxiliary forms but later the small number of present forms grows and the preterit forms disappear. I argue that the present-preterit syncretism in the first person plural of anar, anam, allowed for reinterpretation of the construction as one with a present tense auxiliary rather than a preterit auxiliary. This analysis runs counter to the typical ‘narrative present’ account. Subsequently, the unique third person singular va allowed for new auxiliary forms influenced by the synthetic preterit. This case shows the importance for typological study of detailed analysis of this type to counterbalance the risk of superficial analysis inherent in crosslinguistic studies.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DEIKSIS DALAM BAHASA GORONTALO

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Aryati Hamzah ◽  
William I. S. Mooduto ◽  
Imam Mashudi
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Third Person

This research aims to describe the use of deixis in Gorontalo Language. This research was conducted in two stages namely the stage of preparation and implementation of the research. This research was conducted for 1 year. The result of the research showed that the form and meaning of deixis are person deixis, time and place. Persona deixis is divided into several types is deixis of first-person singular (wa’u ‘1sg’, watiya ‘1sg’), deixis of the first person plural (ami ‘1pl.excl’), deixis of the second person singular (yi’o ‘2sg’, tingoli ‘2sg’), deixis of the second person plural (tingoli ‘2pl’, timongoli ‘2pl’), and deixis of the third person singular (tio ‘3sg’) and timongolio ‘3pl’ as a deixis of the third person plural. Whereas, deixis of place are teye, teyamai ‘here’, tetomota ‘there’ this means to show the location of the room and the place of conversation or interlocutor. Deixis time among others yindhie ‘today’, lombu ‘tomorrow’, olango ‘yesterday’, dumodupo ‘morning’, mohulonu ‘afternoon’, hui ‘night’ which have the meaning to show the time when the speech or sentence is being delivered.

scholarly journals BENTUK DAN PENGGUNAAN PRONOMINA PERSONA BAGI MAHASISWA STKIP BANJARMASIN (THE FORM AND USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS BY STKIP STUDENT IN BANJARMASIN)

Kadera Bahasa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Suryatin
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
The Third Person

This study discusses the forms and variations in the use of personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms and variations in the use personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection is obtained by observation techniques, see, and record. Research data are in the form the speech used by STKIP students in Banjarmasin, Department of PBSID (Local or Indonesian Language and Literature Education). The results show that the using personal pronouns are three forms, namely the first person, second person, and third person. Based on the type of reference personal pronoun used by STKIP students in Banjarmasin are singular and plural pronoun.When it is viewed from the morphological distribution, there are a full form and a short form. The short forms are usually used in proclitic (appears before its host) and also enclitic (appear after its host). Personal pronouns used by the students in their speech are varied. Although they are in Banjar, they do not only use personal pronouns in Banjar language, a part of the students use the first person singular pronoun gue ‘aku’. Personal pronouns in Banjar language used by the STKIP students in Banjarmasin are the first person singular pronoun, ulun, unda, sorang, saurang and aku. First person singular pronoun aku has some variations –ku and ku- that are bound morpheme. First person plural is kami and kita. The second person pronouns are pian, ikam, nyawa, and kamu. Meanwhile, the third person singular pronouns are Inya and Sidin. The third person plural pronoun is bubuhannya. The use of personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin are dominantly consist of five speech components only that are based on the situation, the partner, the intent, the content of the message, and how the speaker tells the speech.

First-Person Plural Subject Pronoun Expression in Mexican Spanish Spoken in Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-432
Author(s):  
Philip P. Limerick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
First Person ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
Subject Expression ◽  
First Person Plural

Abstract Variationist research on subject pronoun expression (SPE) in Spanish typically incorporates all grammatical persons/numbers into the same analysis, with important exceptions such as studies focusing exclusively on first-person singular (e.g., Travis, Catherine E. 2005. The yo-yo effect: Priming in subject expression in Colombian Spanish. In Randall Gess & Edward J Rubin (eds.), Selected papers from the 34th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL), 329–349. Amsterdam, Salt Lake City: Benjamins 2004; Travis, Catherine E. 2007. Genre effects on subject expression in Spanish: Priming in narrative and conversation. Language Variation and Change 19. 101–135; Travis, Catherine E. & Rena Torres Cacoullos. 2012. What do subject pronouns do in discourse? Cognitive, mechanical and constructional factors in variation. Cognitive Linguistics 23(4). 711–748), third-person singular (Shin, Naomi Lapidus. 2014. Grammatical complexification in Spanish in New York: 3sg pronoun expression and verbal ambiguity. Language Variation and Change 26. 303–330), and third-person plural subjects (Lapidus, Naomi & Ricardo Otheguy. 2005. Overt nonspecific ellos in Spanish in New York. Spanish in Context 2(2). 157–174). The current study is the first variationist analysis (to the best of my knowledge) to focus solely on first-person plural SPE. It is well-established that nosotros/nosotras exhibits one of the lowest rates of SPE relative to the other persons/numbers; however, factors conditioning its variation are less understood. Conversational corpus data from Mexican Spanish are employed to examine tokens of first-person plural SPE (n=660) in terms of frequency and constraints, incorporating factors such as TMA, switch reference, and verb class in logistic regression analyses. Results suggest that nosotros, like other subjects, is strongly impacted by switch reference and tense-mood-aspect (TMA). However, the TMA effect is unique in that preterit aspect is shown to favor overt nosotros relative to other TMAs, diverging from previous studies. Furthermore, verb class — a factor found to be repeatedly significant in the literature — is inoperative for nosotros. These results suggest that nosotros does not respond to the same factors as other persons/numbers. Additionally, the findings lend support to researchers regarding the importance of studying individual persons/numbers in subject variation research.

scholarly journals Morphosyntactic features and paradigmatic uniformity in two dialectal varieties of the island of Lesvos

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamantios I. Gafos ◽  
Angela Ralli
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Clitic Clusters ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Considerable Support

This paper discusses data from the nominal paradigms of two dialectal varieties of East Lesvos, those of Thermi and Pamfila. It is shown that there is abundant evidence for the key role of the paradigm in the phonological realization of the [noun-clitic] clusters. We argue that the grammars of these dialectal varieties must crucially include constraints that require identity between related surface forms in the [noun-clitic] paradigm. This proposal has received considerable support by independent work, carried out mainly within Optimality Theory, in various languages. The Lesvian dialectal varieties, however, allow us to probe deeper into the precise statement of such intra-paradigmatic identity constraints. We show, first, that the identity constraints holding among various surface forms must have a limited domain of application, circumscribed by the forms of the paradigm and only those. Second, we show that intra-paradigmatic identity constraints do not require identity uniformly among all surface forms of the paradigm. Rather, distinct identity constraints hold between distinct forms. For instance, the identity constraint between the {+first person, +singular} and the {+third person, +singular} is different from that holding between the {+first person, +singular} and the {+first person, +plural}. We argue, specifically, that the network of such intra-paradigmatic identity constraints is projected on the basis of shared morphosyntactic features along the dimensions of Person and Number that enter into the construction of the paradigm.

The imperative paradigm of Korowai, a Greater Awyu language of West Papua

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourens de Vries
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural

The imperative paradigm of Korowai, a Papuan language of West Papua, is the richest independent verb paradigm of Korowai: it makes the same distinctions as all other independent verb paradigms but makes more distinctions in grammatical person: three grammatical persons rather than conflation of second and third person as in all other Korowai and Greater Awyu verb paradigms. This formal richness is matched by functional richness: imperatives are used in a typologically striking range of contexts, for example in bridging constructions (tail–head linkage), in the domain of inner states (through quotative framing of emotion, thoughts, and intentions) and in both addressee-inclusive and addressee-exclusive contexts (in the case of first person plural imperatives). Diachronically, the Korowai imperative paradigm developed from a basic injunctive zero paradigm of proto Greater Awyu that has reflexes in all branches and languages of the Greater Awyu family.

Using sociostylistic variants in advanced French interlanguage

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 205-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Dewaele
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Formal Instruction ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Accuracy Rates ◽  
Written Corpus

This study investigates the use of pronouns nous and a subgroup of on in a corpus of advanced oral and written French interlanguage produced by 32 Dutch L1 speakers. The subject nous + first person plural verb is characteristic of formal styles while on + third person singular verb is typical of informal styles. A quantitative analysis of the oral corpus revealed that the amount of authentic interaction, but not the amount of formal instruction, in the target language is significantly related to the choice of on. Its use correlated with morpholexical accuracy rates, fluency, omission of ne in negations and use of colloquial vocabulary. A similar analysis of the written corpus revealed equal proportions of on, which suggests that as a group, the learners had not yet completely acquired the constraints on this variable.

scholarly journals PRONOMINA BAHASA KOMERING

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Rahmat Muhidin
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk pronomina persona, pronomina penunjuk, dan pronomina penanya dalam bahasa Komering. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode simak, cakap, dan intropeksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga pronomina bahasa Komering di Baturaja Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu (1) pronomina persona; (2) pronomina penunjuk; dan (3) pronomina penanya. Pronomina persona dalam bahasa Komering adalah (a) pronomina persona pertama tunggal (b) pronomina persona pertama jamak (c) pronomina persona kedua tunggal, (d) pronomina persona kedua jamak, (e) pronomina persona ketiga tunggal, dan (f) pronomina persona ketiga jamak. Sedangkan Pronomina penunjuk dalam bahasa Komering adalah (a) pronomina penunjuk umum, (b) pronomina penunjuk tempat, (c) pronomina penunjuk ihwal.Kata Kunci: Pronomina, deskriptif, dan bahasa Komering AbstractThis research aims to describe personal pronouns, indifinite pronouns, and interrogative pronouns in Komering language. This research used descriptive method. The data were collected through listening, speaking, and instrospection method. The result of the research shaws that these are three pronouns in Komering language in the Baturaraja Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (1) personal pronouns, (2) indefinite pronouns, (3) interrogativa pronouns. Personal pronouns in Komering language are (a) first person singular, (b) first person plural, (c) second person singular, (d) second person plural, (e) third person singular, and (f) third person plural indefinite pronouns in Komering language are (a) common indifinite pronouns, (b) place indefinite .pronouns, (c) interpretation pronouns.Keywords: Pronouns, decsriptive, Komering language. 

Variation in Ampenan Sasak pronominal forms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-141
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Austronesian Language ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Using Data ◽  
First Person Plural

Abstract This study investigates the variation of pronominal forms in Sasak, an Austronesian language spoken in eastern Indonesia. The study marks the first variationist sociolinguistic work on Sasak. Using data from eight conversations between 15 non-noble speakers, pronominal forms were coded for whether they were realized as a free pronoun or a clitic. Further, the discourse was examined to identify the referents and to observe the pragmatic effect of the forms used. The results show clitics dominate the distribution. Further, the results demonstrate that a higher percentage of clitics are preferred with the basic form for first person referents, but speakers apply a different strategy for second person referents; speakers use first person plural and third person singular forms to address their interlocutor when triggered by a Face Threatening Act (see Brown & Levinson, 1987).

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL BOUND MORPHEME IN MAGENA LANGUAGE: A LANGUAGE SPOKEN IN CENTRAL SUMBA REGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
A.Y.A. Kay ◽  
N.L.P.S. Adnyani
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The aim of the study is to identify the morphological  of derivational bound morpheme in Magena Language and to find out the functions of Morphological of derivational bound morpheme in Magena Language.” The writer uses the descriptive qualitative method which is aimed to describe bound Morphemes in Magena Language. The subject of this writing is five informants of Magena in collecting the data. The writer assigned the informants to do the storytelling and record them. After that the data were analyzed using the descriptive qualitative method. The findings reveal that the derivational bound morphemes that appear are free morphemes, which consists of a noun, verb. adverb, adjectives. It was also found that the function of the suffix –ne was as possessive of the first-person singular, the function of the suffix - ne as possessive of first – singular, the function of the suffix –me as possessive of first-person plural, The function of the suffix –ya refers to third-person singular as an adverb. Circumfixes pa - and - gi have the function to change the part of speech.  From the result gained the writer could say that derivational bound morpheme in Magena language has their own character and their own function in use.

scholarly journals A Corpus Linguistic Study of 12-Step Program Literature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. O’Hara ◽  
Cass Dykeman
Keyword(s):  
Information Criterion ◽  
First Person ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Behavioral Addictions ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Overeaters Anonymous ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
First Person Plural

Research indicates that the language used in addiction matters; therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether differences in discursive and psychological processes exist in 12-step texts used for substance and behavioral addictions. Using a synchronic corpus linguistic design, writings on the first step of Alcoholics Anonymous, Debtors Anonymous, Gamblers Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Overeaters Anonymous, and Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous were analyzed using LIWC2015. The log-likelihood ratio test was used to examine if differences exist between the six texts, with post hoc analysis to further examine differences. Bayesian information criterion was used to measure effect size, which ranged from weak to very strong. Statistically significant differences exist in analytic, authentic, emotion tone, first-person singular pronouns, first-person plural pronouns, third-person singular pronouns, third-person plural pronouns, male, and biological process words. Results demonstrate that differences exist in the broad psycholinguistic, specific linguistic, and psychological and physical process words used in the texts. This research is the first study to compare linguistic components of different 12-step programs, which often fill a gap created by lags in research. Findings may have relevance to writers of 12-step literature, clinicians who provide treatment, and researchers who study substance use and behavioral addictions, and individuals with these issues.

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