Variation in Ampenan Sasak pronominal forms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-141
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Austronesian Language ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Using Data ◽  
First Person Plural

Abstract This study investigates the variation of pronominal forms in Sasak, an Austronesian language spoken in eastern Indonesia. The study marks the first variationist sociolinguistic work on Sasak. Using data from eight conversations between 15 non-noble speakers, pronominal forms were coded for whether they were realized as a free pronoun or a clitic. Further, the discourse was examined to identify the referents and to observe the pragmatic effect of the forms used. The results show clitics dominate the distribution. Further, the results demonstrate that a higher percentage of clitics are preferred with the basic form for first person referents, but speakers apply a different strategy for second person referents; speakers use first person plural and third person singular forms to address their interlocutor when triggered by a Face Threatening Act (see Brown & Levinson, 1987).

scholarly journals ANALISIS DEIKSIS DALAM BAHASA GORONTALO

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Aryati Hamzah ◽  
William I. S. Mooduto ◽  
Imam Mashudi
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Third Person

This research aims to describe the use of deixis in Gorontalo Language. This research was conducted in two stages namely the stage of preparation and implementation of the research. This research was conducted for 1 year. The result of the research showed that the form and meaning of deixis are person deixis, time and place. Persona deixis is divided into several types is deixis of first-person singular (wa’u ‘1sg’, watiya ‘1sg’), deixis of the first person plural (ami ‘1pl.excl’), deixis of the second person singular (yi’o ‘2sg’, tingoli ‘2sg’), deixis of the second person plural (tingoli ‘2pl’, timongoli ‘2pl’), and deixis of the third person singular (tio ‘3sg’) and timongolio ‘3pl’ as a deixis of the third person plural. Whereas, deixis of place are teye, teyamai ‘here’, tetomota ‘there’ this means to show the location of the room and the place of conversation or interlocutor. Deixis time among others yindhie ‘today’, lombu ‘tomorrow’, olango ‘yesterday’, dumodupo ‘morning’, mohulonu ‘afternoon’, hui ‘night’ which have the meaning to show the time when the speech or sentence is being delivered.

scholarly journals BENTUK DAN PENGGUNAAN PRONOMINA PERSONA BAGI MAHASISWA STKIP BANJARMASIN (THE FORM AND USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS BY STKIP STUDENT IN BANJARMASIN)

Kadera Bahasa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Suryatin
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
The Third Person

This study discusses the forms and variations in the use of personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms and variations in the use personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection is obtained by observation techniques, see, and record. Research data are in the form the speech used by STKIP students in Banjarmasin, Department of PBSID (Local or Indonesian Language and Literature Education). The results show that the using personal pronouns are three forms, namely the first person, second person, and third person. Based on the type of reference personal pronoun used by STKIP students in Banjarmasin are singular and plural pronoun.When it is viewed from the morphological distribution, there are a full form and a short form. The short forms are usually used in proclitic (appears before its host) and also enclitic (appear after its host). Personal pronouns used by the students in their speech are varied. Although they are in Banjar, they do not only use personal pronouns in Banjar language, a part of the students use the first person singular pronoun gue ‘aku’. Personal pronouns in Banjar language used by the STKIP students in Banjarmasin are the first person singular pronoun, ulun, unda, sorang, saurang and aku. First person singular pronoun aku has some variations –ku and ku- that are bound morpheme. First person plural is kami and kita. The second person pronouns are pian, ikam, nyawa, and kamu. Meanwhile, the third person singular pronouns are Inya and Sidin. The third person plural pronoun is bubuhannya. The use of personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin are dominantly consist of five speech components only that are based on the situation, the partner, the intent, the content of the message, and how the speaker tells the speech.

scholarly journals PRONOMINA BAHASA KOMERING

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Rahmat Muhidin
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk pronomina persona, pronomina penunjuk, dan pronomina penanya dalam bahasa Komering. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode simak, cakap, dan intropeksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga pronomina bahasa Komering di Baturaja Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu (1) pronomina persona; (2) pronomina penunjuk; dan (3) pronomina penanya. Pronomina persona dalam bahasa Komering adalah (a) pronomina persona pertama tunggal (b) pronomina persona pertama jamak (c) pronomina persona kedua tunggal, (d) pronomina persona kedua jamak, (e) pronomina persona ketiga tunggal, dan (f) pronomina persona ketiga jamak. Sedangkan Pronomina penunjuk dalam bahasa Komering adalah (a) pronomina penunjuk umum, (b) pronomina penunjuk tempat, (c) pronomina penunjuk ihwal.Kata Kunci: Pronomina, deskriptif, dan bahasa Komering AbstractThis research aims to describe personal pronouns, indifinite pronouns, and interrogative pronouns in Komering language. This research used descriptive method. The data were collected through listening, speaking, and instrospection method. The result of the research shaws that these are three pronouns in Komering language in the Baturaraja Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (1) personal pronouns, (2) indefinite pronouns, (3) interrogativa pronouns. Personal pronouns in Komering language are (a) first person singular, (b) first person plural, (c) second person singular, (d) second person plural, (e) third person singular, and (f) third person plural indefinite pronouns in Komering language are (a) common indifinite pronouns, (b) place indefinite .pronouns, (c) interpretation pronouns.Keywords: Pronouns, decsriptive, Komering language. 

The Role of Frequency in First-Person Plural Variation in Brazilian Portuguese: Nós vs. a gente

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Travis ◽  
Agripino S. Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
High Type ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The People ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Verbal Agreement ◽  
First Person Plural

AbstractThis paper investigates the conditioning of the variation between two first-person plural forms in contemporary spoken Brazilian Portuguese, an older pronoun nós used with first-person plural agreement and a newer pronoun a gente, derived from an NP meaning ‘the people’, used with third-person singular agreement. This is part of a broader change in the language involving the breakdown of verbal agreement as third-person marking extends to the domains of first- and second-person. We consider the conditioning of use of these forms in spoken Brazilian Portuguese from Fortaleza and uncover a phenomenon that as yet has not been noted in relation to this variation, namely frequency. We find that the high type frequency of a gente contributes to the spreading use of this form, and the high token frequency of nós in specific constructions slows it down. We predict that these highly frequent constructions (such as nos temos ‘we have’, digamos ‘let’s say’ and vamos + V-INF ‘let’s V’) may remain a last vestige of nós in Brazilian Portuguese as a gente comes to take over the realm of first-person plural.

scholarly journals Pronomina Persona Bahasa Talang Mamak Kecamatan Rakit Kulim Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Binta Milyanniarti ◽  
Charlina Charlina ◽  
Mangatur Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Observation Process ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Data Checking

AbstractThe aims of this research is to explain use of pronouns Talang Mamak Language, Rakit Kulims District, Indragiri Hulu Regency. This is a qualitative descriptive research. The methods of data collection were the observation process followed by the tapping technique, the skillful listening techhique involved, the listening technique free of charge, the recording technique, and technique of note taking. The technique of analyze the data starting by transcribe data after that data data checking and then classify, select, group, analyze, describe, and the last is concluded into a result of the research. On Talang Mamak Language, Rakit Kulim District, Indragiri Hulu Regency there a three design specifically singular first person pronouns aku, jaku, jawak. First person plural pronouns kami, kita. Second person plural pronouns kamu, kau. Third person singular pronoun liau and nyanya. Third person plural pronouns orang itu. The using of pronouns based on age and social status.   Keyword: personal pronouns, form and use, Talang Mamak Language. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan pronomina persona Bahasa Talang Mamak Kecamatan Rakit Kulim Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu metode simak yang diikuti teknik sadap, teknik simak libat cakap, teknik simak bebas libat cakap, teknik rekam dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis data diawali dengan mentranskripkan data, setelah dilakukan transkip data lalu pengecekan data, setelah data dicek tahap selanjutnya ialah mengklasifikasi, menyeleksi, mengelompokkan, menganalisis, mendeskripsikan lalu terakhir disimpulkan menjadi laporan hasil penelitian. Pada Bahasa Talang Mamak Kecamatan Rakit Kulim Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu terdapat tiga bentuk pronomina persona yaitu kata ganti orang pertama tunggal yaitu aku, jaku, dan jawak, kata ganti orang pertama jamak yaitu kami dan kita. Kata ganti orang kedua tunggal yaitu kamu dan kau, kata ganti orang kedua jamak yaitu mika. Kata ganti orang ketiga tunggal yaitu liau dan nyanya, kata ganti orang ketiga jamak yaitu orang itu. Penggunaan pronomina tersebut berdasarkan usia, dan status sosial. Kata kunci: Pronomina persona, bentuk dan penggunaan, Bahasa Talang Mamak.

A mature second-person neuroscience needs a first-person (plural) developmental foundation

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Lewis ◽  
James Stack
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
S Model

AbstractSchilbach et al.'s model assumes that the ability to “experience” minds is already present in human infants and therefore falls foul of the very intellectualist problems it attempts to avoid. We propose an alternative relational, action-based account, which attempts to grasp how the individual's construction of knowledge develops within interactions.

scholarly journals PERSONAL DEIXIS AS ADDRESSING SYSTEM TO EXPRESS SOLIDARITY AT CAMPUS COMMUNITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Winantu Kurnianingtyas SriAgung
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Campus Community ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Campus Environment ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Third Person

This research investigates personal deixis that indicate solidarity in campus environment. Students and lecturers conversation transcription were collected and analyzed by the researcher to identify the types of personal pronoun that commonly used to pointer the participants. The result showed that there were three kinds of pronoun used commonly by the participants and those indicate close relationship among others such as first person singular, second person singular, and third person plural. The finding revealed that the second person singular of bro, sist, and jeng are common in pointing speakers’ audience. Eventhough, those become slang language in society. The implication of this research suggested for other types of pronoun to be exist in campus environment and indicate power.

First-Person Plural Subject Pronoun Expression in Mexican Spanish Spoken in Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-432
Author(s):  
Philip P. Limerick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
First Person ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
Subject Expression ◽  
First Person Plural

Abstract Variationist research on subject pronoun expression (SPE) in Spanish typically incorporates all grammatical persons/numbers into the same analysis, with important exceptions such as studies focusing exclusively on first-person singular (e.g., Travis, Catherine E. 2005. The yo-yo effect: Priming in subject expression in Colombian Spanish. In Randall Gess & Edward J Rubin (eds.), Selected papers from the 34th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL), 329–349. Amsterdam, Salt Lake City: Benjamins 2004; Travis, Catherine E. 2007. Genre effects on subject expression in Spanish: Priming in narrative and conversation. Language Variation and Change 19. 101–135; Travis, Catherine E. & Rena Torres Cacoullos. 2012. What do subject pronouns do in discourse? Cognitive, mechanical and constructional factors in variation. Cognitive Linguistics 23(4). 711–748), third-person singular (Shin, Naomi Lapidus. 2014. Grammatical complexification in Spanish in New York: 3sg pronoun expression and verbal ambiguity. Language Variation and Change 26. 303–330), and third-person plural subjects (Lapidus, Naomi & Ricardo Otheguy. 2005. Overt nonspecific ellos in Spanish in New York. Spanish in Context 2(2). 157–174). The current study is the first variationist analysis (to the best of my knowledge) to focus solely on first-person plural SPE. It is well-established that nosotros/nosotras exhibits one of the lowest rates of SPE relative to the other persons/numbers; however, factors conditioning its variation are less understood. Conversational corpus data from Mexican Spanish are employed to examine tokens of first-person plural SPE (n=660) in terms of frequency and constraints, incorporating factors such as TMA, switch reference, and verb class in logistic regression analyses. Results suggest that nosotros, like other subjects, is strongly impacted by switch reference and tense-mood-aspect (TMA). However, the TMA effect is unique in that preterit aspect is shown to favor overt nosotros relative to other TMAs, diverging from previous studies. Furthermore, verb class — a factor found to be repeatedly significant in the literature — is inoperative for nosotros. These results suggest that nosotros does not respond to the same factors as other persons/numbers. Additionally, the findings lend support to researchers regarding the importance of studying individual persons/numbers in subject variation research.

From Where I Stand: The Intimacy and Distance of We and You in the Short Story

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
First Person Plural

This chapter analyzes the rare focalization of fiction through the first-person plural (we) and the second person (you). It is particularly interested in the affective textures these narrative perspectives create in terms of intimacy and distance, within the story and between narrator and reader. In carrying out this analysis, it examines Manuel Muñoz’s story “Monkey, Sí,” Patricia Engel’s story “Green”, and Ana Menéndez’s story “Why We Left.” In each of the stories, the narrators navigate traumatic life experiences—rape, eating disorders, and a miscarriage, respectively. The chapter does a close reading of how pronominal use affects the characters’ and readers’ emotional experience of the story before them.

We are you: The plural and the dual in “we” fictional narratives

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Marcus
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Plural Pronoun ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Fictional Narratives ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe essay discusses grammatical and narratological issues of first-person plural (“we”) narratives. It elaborates on the repercussions of Uri Margolin's argument (1996, 2000) regarding the semantic instability of the pronoun “we”, a feature that remains general and abstract in his formulation. Everyday language tends to conceal this instability, whereas some fictional narratives accentuate it, thereby actualizing the subversive potential of the first-person-plural pronoun and highlighting the relationship of the individual “I” to the “we” group and the relationship of this group to “others”. Like second-person narratives, first-person-plural narratives may transgress the boundary between the virtual and the actual and point to the absence of necessary connection between the grammatical form and its deictic function. The essay also proposes a distinction between plural and dual fictional narratives: due to their deictic properties, plural “we” narratives are frequently more destabilizing than dual “we” narratives, which are not characterized by semantic fluidity.

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