First-Person Plural Subject Pronoun Expression in Mexican Spanish Spoken in Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-432
Author(s):  
Philip P. Limerick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
First Person ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
Subject Expression ◽  
First Person Plural

Abstract Variationist research on subject pronoun expression (SPE) in Spanish typically incorporates all grammatical persons/numbers into the same analysis, with important exceptions such as studies focusing exclusively on first-person singular (e.g., Travis, Catherine E. 2005. The yo-yo effect: Priming in subject expression in Colombian Spanish. In Randall Gess & Edward J Rubin (eds.), Selected papers from the 34th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL), 329–349. Amsterdam, Salt Lake City: Benjamins 2004; Travis, Catherine E. 2007. Genre effects on subject expression in Spanish: Priming in narrative and conversation. Language Variation and Change 19. 101–135; Travis, Catherine E. & Rena Torres Cacoullos. 2012. What do subject pronouns do in discourse? Cognitive, mechanical and constructional factors in variation. Cognitive Linguistics 23(4). 711–748), third-person singular (Shin, Naomi Lapidus. 2014. Grammatical complexification in Spanish in New York: 3sg pronoun expression and verbal ambiguity. Language Variation and Change 26. 303–330), and third-person plural subjects (Lapidus, Naomi & Ricardo Otheguy. 2005. Overt nonspecific ellos in Spanish in New York. Spanish in Context 2(2). 157–174). The current study is the first variationist analysis (to the best of my knowledge) to focus solely on first-person plural SPE. It is well-established that nosotros/nosotras exhibits one of the lowest rates of SPE relative to the other persons/numbers; however, factors conditioning its variation are less understood. Conversational corpus data from Mexican Spanish are employed to examine tokens of first-person plural SPE (n=660) in terms of frequency and constraints, incorporating factors such as TMA, switch reference, and verb class in logistic regression analyses. Results suggest that nosotros, like other subjects, is strongly impacted by switch reference and tense-mood-aspect (TMA). However, the TMA effect is unique in that preterit aspect is shown to favor overt nosotros relative to other TMAs, diverging from previous studies. Furthermore, verb class — a factor found to be repeatedly significant in the literature — is inoperative for nosotros. These results suggest that nosotros does not respond to the same factors as other persons/numbers. Additionally, the findings lend support to researchers regarding the importance of studying individual persons/numbers in subject variation research.

scholarly journals First-person singular and third-person subject pronoun variation: The case of Mexican Spanish in the U.S. state of Georgia

Lenguaje ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-134
Author(s):  
Philip P. Limerick
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
First Person ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
Person Variable ◽  
The U.S

The current study analyzes variable subject pronoun expression (SPE) for first-person singular (1sg) and third-person subjects in a variety of Mexican Spanish spoken by first-generation Mexican immigrants in the state of Georgia, Southeastern U.S. Conversational data from sociolinguistic interviews are employed to examine tokens of 1sg and third-person variable SPE and their usage patterns, considering factors such as tense-mood-aspect (TMA), switch reference, polarity, and verb class by means of logistic regression analyses. Results suggest that all four factors influence 1sg variation, but that third-person variation is restricted to switch reference and TMA. In addition, a significant link between switch reference and TMA is found for third-person subjects, but not for 1sg. The findings lend further support to previous scholars advocating the importance of studying individual grammatical persons in SPE research as this can reveal previously obfuscated nuances in the patterns of subject variation.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DEIKSIS DALAM BAHASA GORONTALO

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Aryati Hamzah ◽  
William I. S. Mooduto ◽  
Imam Mashudi
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Third Person

This research aims to describe the use of deixis in Gorontalo Language. This research was conducted in two stages namely the stage of preparation and implementation of the research. This research was conducted for 1 year. The result of the research showed that the form and meaning of deixis are person deixis, time and place. Persona deixis is divided into several types is deixis of first-person singular (wa’u ‘1sg’, watiya ‘1sg’), deixis of the first person plural (ami ‘1pl.excl’), deixis of the second person singular (yi’o ‘2sg’, tingoli ‘2sg’), deixis of the second person plural (tingoli ‘2pl’, timongoli ‘2pl’), and deixis of the third person singular (tio ‘3sg’) and timongolio ‘3pl’ as a deixis of the third person plural. Whereas, deixis of place are teye, teyamai ‘here’, tetomota ‘there’ this means to show the location of the room and the place of conversation or interlocutor. Deixis time among others yindhie ‘today’, lombu ‘tomorrow’, olango ‘yesterday’, dumodupo ‘morning’, mohulonu ‘afternoon’, hui ‘night’ which have the meaning to show the time when the speech or sentence is being delivered.

scholarly journals BENTUK DAN PENGGUNAAN PRONOMINA PERSONA BAGI MAHASISWA STKIP BANJARMASIN (THE FORM AND USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS BY STKIP STUDENT IN BANJARMASIN)

Kadera Bahasa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Suryatin
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
The Third Person

This study discusses the forms and variations in the use of personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms and variations in the use personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection is obtained by observation techniques, see, and record. Research data are in the form the speech used by STKIP students in Banjarmasin, Department of PBSID (Local or Indonesian Language and Literature Education). The results show that the using personal pronouns are three forms, namely the first person, second person, and third person. Based on the type of reference personal pronoun used by STKIP students in Banjarmasin are singular and plural pronoun.When it is viewed from the morphological distribution, there are a full form and a short form. The short forms are usually used in proclitic (appears before its host) and also enclitic (appear after its host). Personal pronouns used by the students in their speech are varied. Although they are in Banjar, they do not only use personal pronouns in Banjar language, a part of the students use the first person singular pronoun gue ‘aku’. Personal pronouns in Banjar language used by the STKIP students in Banjarmasin are the first person singular pronoun, ulun, unda, sorang, saurang and aku. First person singular pronoun aku has some variations –ku and ku- that are bound morpheme. First person plural is kami and kita. The second person pronouns are pian, ikam, nyawa, and kamu. Meanwhile, the third person singular pronouns are Inya and Sidin. The third person plural pronoun is bubuhannya. The use of personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin are dominantly consist of five speech components only that are based on the situation, the partner, the intent, the content of the message, and how the speaker tells the speech.

Morphological factors in the grammaticalization of the Catalan “go” past

Diachronica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Juge
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Present Account ◽  
Semantic Development ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
First Person Plural

The Catalan periphrastic perfective past is a so-called “go” past: Vaig cantar, lit. “I-go to-sing”, “I sang” vs. Vaig allà, lit. “I-go there”, “I go there”. Its semantic development has been much discussed, but it presents morphological issues as well. Previous analyses ignore key morphological factors, especially the shift from the early mix of preterit and present auxiliary forms to exclusive use of the present and the development of several variant auxiliary forms. The auxiliary-plus-infinitive construction shares some but not all forms with the lexical verb anar “to go”. Early examples use mostly preterit auxiliary forms but later the small number of present forms grows and the preterit forms disappear. I argue that the present-preterit syncretism in the first person plural of anar, anam, allowed for reinterpretation of the construction as one with a present tense auxiliary rather than a preterit auxiliary. This analysis runs counter to the typical ‘narrative present’ account. Subsequently, the unique third person singular va allowed for new auxiliary forms influenced by the synthetic preterit. This case shows the importance for typological study of detailed analysis of this type to counterbalance the risk of superficial analysis inherent in crosslinguistic studies.

scholarly journals Morphosyntactic features and paradigmatic uniformity in two dialectal varieties of the island of Lesvos

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamantios I. Gafos ◽  
Angela Ralli
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Clitic Clusters ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Considerable Support

This paper discusses data from the nominal paradigms of two dialectal varieties of East Lesvos, those of Thermi and Pamfila. It is shown that there is abundant evidence for the key role of the paradigm in the phonological realization of the [noun-clitic] clusters. We argue that the grammars of these dialectal varieties must crucially include constraints that require identity between related surface forms in the [noun-clitic] paradigm. This proposal has received considerable support by independent work, carried out mainly within Optimality Theory, in various languages. The Lesvian dialectal varieties, however, allow us to probe deeper into the precise statement of such intra-paradigmatic identity constraints. We show, first, that the identity constraints holding among various surface forms must have a limited domain of application, circumscribed by the forms of the paradigm and only those. Second, we show that intra-paradigmatic identity constraints do not require identity uniformly among all surface forms of the paradigm. Rather, distinct identity constraints hold between distinct forms. For instance, the identity constraint between the {+first person, +singular} and the {+third person, +singular} is different from that holding between the {+first person, +singular} and the {+first person, +plural}. We argue, specifically, that the network of such intra-paradigmatic identity constraints is projected on the basis of shared morphosyntactic features along the dimensions of Person and Number that enter into the construction of the paradigm.

The imperative paradigm of Korowai, a Greater Awyu language of West Papua

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourens de Vries
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural

The imperative paradigm of Korowai, a Papuan language of West Papua, is the richest independent verb paradigm of Korowai: it makes the same distinctions as all other independent verb paradigms but makes more distinctions in grammatical person: three grammatical persons rather than conflation of second and third person as in all other Korowai and Greater Awyu verb paradigms. This formal richness is matched by functional richness: imperatives are used in a typologically striking range of contexts, for example in bridging constructions (tail–head linkage), in the domain of inner states (through quotative framing of emotion, thoughts, and intentions) and in both addressee-inclusive and addressee-exclusive contexts (in the case of first person plural imperatives). Diachronically, the Korowai imperative paradigm developed from a basic injunctive zero paradigm of proto Greater Awyu that has reflexes in all branches and languages of the Greater Awyu family.

The persistence of expression: Clusivity, partial co-reference, and socioeconomic differentiation of first person plural subject pronoun expression in Spanish

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-96
Author(s):  
Dora LaCasse
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Subject Pronouns ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Number Systems ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Expression Evidence

Abstract This study revisits variable subject pronoun expression in Spanish, bringing to bear insights from cross-linguistic patterns of person-number systems. Based on 2259 tokens from two corpora of Mexican Spanish representing distinct social classes, the study focuses solely on first person plural (1pl) subject pronouns, revealing unique aspects of variable nosotros expression. Evidence is offered in favor of a more nuanced measure of switch reference for non-singular grammatical persons through an analysis of the local effects of partial co-referentiality. This measure reconciles the large body of work on switch reference with Cameron’s (1995) measures of reference chains. Additionally, topic persistence — heretofore neglected in prior studies — conditions the variation, with subsequent mentions in the thematic paragraph favoring expressed pronouns. An investigation of clusivity demonstrates that Spanish 1pl subject pronoun expression is sensitive to a distinction grammaticalized in other languages, though subject pronoun rates across clusivities differ from previous results from Peninsular Spanish (Posio 2012). Finally, while subject pronoun expression is generally not sensitive to social factors, distributions of 1pl subjects according to clusivity differ between corpora. Results reveal the style and topic-conditioned differences in contextual distributions that underlie apparent social class differences in subject expression constraints.

Using sociostylistic variants in advanced French interlanguage

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 205-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Dewaele
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Formal Instruction ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Accuracy Rates ◽  
Written Corpus

This study investigates the use of pronouns nous and a subgroup of on in a corpus of advanced oral and written French interlanguage produced by 32 Dutch L1 speakers. The subject nous + first person plural verb is characteristic of formal styles while on + third person singular verb is typical of informal styles. A quantitative analysis of the oral corpus revealed that the amount of authentic interaction, but not the amount of formal instruction, in the target language is significantly related to the choice of on. Its use correlated with morpholexical accuracy rates, fluency, omission of ne in negations and use of colloquial vocabulary. A similar analysis of the written corpus revealed equal proportions of on, which suggests that as a group, the learners had not yet completely acquired the constraints on this variable.

scholarly journals PRONOMINA BAHASA KOMERING

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Rahmat Muhidin
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Third Person ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk pronomina persona, pronomina penunjuk, dan pronomina penanya dalam bahasa Komering. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode simak, cakap, dan intropeksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga pronomina bahasa Komering di Baturaja Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu (1) pronomina persona; (2) pronomina penunjuk; dan (3) pronomina penanya. Pronomina persona dalam bahasa Komering adalah (a) pronomina persona pertama tunggal (b) pronomina persona pertama jamak (c) pronomina persona kedua tunggal, (d) pronomina persona kedua jamak, (e) pronomina persona ketiga tunggal, dan (f) pronomina persona ketiga jamak. Sedangkan Pronomina penunjuk dalam bahasa Komering adalah (a) pronomina penunjuk umum, (b) pronomina penunjuk tempat, (c) pronomina penunjuk ihwal.Kata Kunci: Pronomina, deskriptif, dan bahasa Komering AbstractThis research aims to describe personal pronouns, indifinite pronouns, and interrogative pronouns in Komering language. This research used descriptive method. The data were collected through listening, speaking, and instrospection method. The result of the research shaws that these are three pronouns in Komering language in the Baturaraja Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (1) personal pronouns, (2) indefinite pronouns, (3) interrogativa pronouns. Personal pronouns in Komering language are (a) first person singular, (b) first person plural, (c) second person singular, (d) second person plural, (e) third person singular, and (f) third person plural indefinite pronouns in Komering language are (a) common indifinite pronouns, (b) place indefinite .pronouns, (c) interpretation pronouns.Keywords: Pronouns, decsriptive, Komering language. 

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