A quantitative approach to the development of complex predicates

Diachronica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hilpert ◽  
Christian Koops
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grammatical Construction ◽  
Extended Duration

This paper traces the historical development of the Swedish Pseudo-Coordination construction with the posture verb sitta “sit”. In Swedish a small number of verbs, including posture verbs such as sitta, are used in coordination with another verb to convey that the described event has an extended duration or is in progress. Quantitative evidence from Swedish historical corpora suggests that the construction has, even after it established itself as a grammatical construction, undergone a number of gradual changes in the course of the past five centuries. As part of the Pseudo-Coordination construction, the verb sitta has changed its argument structure, and the entire construction has increased in syntactic cohesion.

Why is this happened? Passive morphology and unaccusativity

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Balcom
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Syntactic Rule ◽  
English Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
Unaccusative Verbs

Zobl discussed inappropriate passive morphology (‘be’ and the past participle) in the English writing of L2 learners, linking its occurrence to the class of unaccusative verbs and proposing that learners subsume unaccusatives under the syntactic rule for passive formation. The research reported here supports and amplifies Zobl' proposal, based on a grammaticality judgement task and a controlled production task containing verbs from a variety of subclasses of unaccusatives. The tasks were administered to Chinese L1 learners of English and a control group of English native speakers. Results show that subjects both used and judged as grammatical inappropriate passive morphology with all verbs falling under the rubric of unaccusativity. The article concludes with linguistic representations which maintain Zobl’s insights but are consistent with current theories of argument structure.

New and modern history of the Arab world

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouben Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Modern History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Oriental Studies

The textbook covers the main events and developments in the recent history of the Arab world. The key issues of the past and present of the major Arab countries are examined. The general patterns, main stages and peculiarities of the historical development of these countries are presented. The work is designed for students of the faculties of “Oriental Studies”, “History” and “International Relations”, as well as wide range of readers interested in the history of the Arab world.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Matthew D. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the analysis of time experience and futuremaking through historical case studies in colonial Mexico. Colonial Mexico developed a culture of innovation, human aspiration, and futuremaking that was subsequently forgotten in part because it did not fit with later definitions of modernity and innovation as secular phenomena and things untethered to the past or tradition. This choice of historical method and topics is driven by a desire to step outside some of the dominant paradigms in the study of Latin America and colonialism in general. Examining the relationship between past, present, and future offers a way to reconsider Mexico's colonial era, its subsequent historical development, and how people have understood that history.

scholarly journals The History of the Walled (Formal) Garden at Benmore Botanic Garden

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-236
Author(s):  
David Gray
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The 2.02 ha site containing the Category B listed Walled Garden at Benmore is currently the subject of a major redesign proposal and active fundraising programme. The purpose of this article is to raise the profile of the project by investigating and highlighting the historical development of the site. This retrospective study is also intended as a support to contemporary redevelopment plans and as a demonstration of how the past underpins and informs the future.I am frankly and absolutely for a formal garden … It is a small piece of ground enclosed by walls … There is not the least attempt to imitate natural scenery (Phillpotts, 1906, p. 54).

The Morphological Interaction of the Four Faculties in the Historical System of W. B. Yeats’s A Vision

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Dampier
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
William Butler Yeats ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Historical System

William Butler Yeats’ elucidation of A Vision’s historical system in “Dove or Swan” represents the historical present as the reconciliation of past moments. The Four Faculties define history as the perpetual co-existence of historical periods and allow for a vision of historical development that always reflects on the past in order to make sense of the present. This essay argues that the interaction of the Faculties on the “line of coterminous periods” can be understood in terms of Spengler’s morphology of history as analytically analogous. The past influences the present, and can be said to constrain it, but it is the Will’s ability to reconcile the strife between the Tinctures that allows for novelty in this grand system of deterministic continuity. Previous discussions of the Yeats-Spengler connection have overlooked the importance of the Faculties and the four interacting periods of history, which this article only begins to address.

Enzyme Electrodes for the Food Industry

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 808-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. SKOGBERG ◽  
T. RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Enzyme Electrode ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Enzyme Electrodes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immobilization Techniques ◽  
Sensing Membrane

In the past decade, there have been extensive advancements in enzyme electrode technology. This paper reviews the technology, historical development and potential and current applications of enzyme electrodes in the food industry. Proper choice of enzyme, electrode and immobilization techniques are considered. An overview of potentiometric, polarographic and gas-sensing membrane electrode methods is provided. A discussion of the initial development of a variety of procedures for measuring glucose, using an assortment of electrodes and immobilization techniques is also included. Some electrodes for carbohydrate and amino acids analysis and other analytical applications for the food industry are listed as well as a number of commercially available techniques.

scholarly journals Pharmacological approach to the treatment of acromegaly

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shereen Ezzat
Keyword(s):  
Somatostatin Analogs ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gh Receptor ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Extended Duration ◽  
Line Of Therapy

The treatment of patients with persistently active acromegaly has been facilitated over the past decade by the advent of highly specific and selective pharmacological agents. Somatostatin analogs, derived from the native inhibitory hormone somatostatin, are available in extended-duration preparations and are effective in reducing serum levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor–I (IGF-I) as well as in improving the adverse clinical effects of acromegaly. Cabergoline, an agonist with a specificity for the dopamine D-2 receptor, has been shown to suppress IGF-I levels and induce tumor shrinkage in 35 and 50% of patients, respectively. The GH receptor antagonists compete with naturally occurring GH for binding with the GH receptor. As such, pegvisomant normalizes circulating IGF-I levels in 80 to 90% of patients with acromegaly. This last line of therapy should be considered for use in patients in whom surgery and medical therapy with somatostatin and/or dopamine agonists are either ineffective or poorly tolerated.

The Establishment of the Classical Type in Geeek Art

1924 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-253
Author(s):  
Charles Walston
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Human Head ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western World ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Artists

It is hardly necessary to attempt a definition of what is meant by ‘the classical type’ in the body or in the face. Ordinary people know what they mean when they speak of a ‘classical face,’ ‘regular features,’ or ‘a perfectly made man or woman’ as regards the nude figure. Even though such people may have but a slight familiarity with Greek or Graeco-Roman statues and busts, or have never even actually perceived, themselves, the distinctive characteristics of the classical type, they have had it conveyed to them indirectly through the work of modern artists and illustrators of books or advertisements, or even in the attenuated and vulgarised renderings on chocolate boxes. No doubt we are now living in revolt and reaction against this type of beauty and normality, as in the past there have been periodic reactions against the dominance of the classic types, whether in ‘realistic’ or ‘romantic’ movements, throughout the historical development of art since the classical age. The fact, however, remains, that the standards of proportion and inter-relation between the parts of the body and between the features of the human head, as embodied in the classic type, still determine the taste of, at least, the Western world.

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