The role of linguistic structure in the perceptions of vernacular speech

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-298
Author(s):  
Julia Davydova ◽  
Kirk Hazen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Vernacular English ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types

Abstract This study explores the role of linguistic structure in speakers’ perceptions of vernacular English, i.e. speech used in informal interactions. In so doing, it tests the assumptions of the Interface Principle (Labov 1993) and its major claim that semantic and discourse-pragmatic features will elicit a greater degree of social awareness than morphosyntactic variants (Levon and Buchstaller 2015). Relying on data obtained from 372 respondents, we explore the social perceptions of two discourse-pragmatic and two morphosyntactic variables. We show that the morphosyntactic features investigated here are generally available to the sociolinguistic monitor of L1 speakers as well as highly advanced learners of English as a Foreign Language. However, these morphosyntactic features are less salient than the semantic/discourse pragmatic variants, and their social indexation is, for this reason, more pliable. We argue for the weaker version of the Interface Principle and propose that the differences in the recognisability of vernacular features is gradient. We additionally propose that juxtaposing different types of speaker data is instrumental in discerning those differences.

The Human Factor of Cybercrime

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932110115
Author(s):  
Benoît Dupont ◽  
Thomas Holt
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies ◽  
Societal Dimensions ◽  
Individual Human

This volume highlights the central role of the human factor in cybercrime and the need to develop a more interdisciplinary research agenda to understand better the constant evolution of online harms and craft more effective responses. The term “human factor” is understood very broadly and encompasses individual, institutional, and societal dimensions. It covers individual human behaviors and the social structures that enable collective action by groups and communities of various sizes, as well as the different types of institutional assemblages that shape societal responses. This volume is organized around three general themes whose complementary perspectives allow us to map the complex interplay between offenders, machines, and victims, moving beyond static typologies to offer a more dynamic analysis of the cybercrime ecology and its underlying behaviors. The contributions use quantitative and qualitative methodologies and bring together researchers from the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark, Australia, and Canada.

Los estereotipos sociales a través del filtro de la traducción

Babel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-233
Author(s):  
Gemma Andújar Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
Points Of View

Cultural referents not only designate specific realities of a given culture which do not always exist in another but they are also semantic elements which trigger social representations. By conveying values and points of view about different social groups, cultural referents become linguistic instruments to build stereotypes. These thought patterns are shared by the members of a social or cultural community and act as a filter of reality. The aim of this paper is to study the role of cultural referents in the construction of social stereotypes, focusing on the socio-cognitive universe they evoke. To this end, we have analyzed the translations techniques applied in the Spanish, Catalan and English versions of a novel which has been very successful on the French literary scene: Muriel Barbery’s L’Élégance du hérisson (2006). As show the results of this textual comparison, the explanations, descriptions and additional information observed in target texts do not trigger the same associations as cultural referents do in the source text. Translational approaches are too limited when it comes to achieve linguistic adequacy to different world visions. Therefore, translation must be conceived as an encounter between two cultural systems, in which the translator must build bridges, not so much between two linguistic systems as between the social perceptions and values of two different cultural communities.

scholarly journals The role of the group type and the characteristics of self-attitude in students’ social perception

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
M.V. Baleva
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
Ingroup Favoritism

The article deals with the problem of disparate studies in social perceptions of different types of groups, which impede the understanding of its fundamental mechanisms. Different types of social groups appear in the research as stimulus descriptions of their artificial analogues, singled out according to ethnic, ideological and stratification criteria. As a mediating factor of social perception, the features of subject’s self-attitude (self-acceptance and self-rejection) are considered. The study involved 307 females and 109 males from 17 to 22 years old (M = 18.92, SD = 0.93). It was found that perceiving of different types of social groups determines the varying degrees of stereotyping and bias intensity. Both of these phenomena are most observable for the groups identified by stratification criterion. Ingroup favoritism is also more conspicuous for the subject’s “ideological” ingroup in comparison with the groups of different types. It was also shown that self-attitude plays a facilitating role in the manifestations of ingroup favoritism: both self-acceptance and self-rejection contribute to the growth of perceptional bias, but do not “participate” in outgroup stereotyping.

scholarly journals The International Day of Light - May 16th

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Dominik Dorosz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Further Development

During 39th session of UNESCO General Conference which held on 7 November 2017 the date May 16th was proclaimed as International Day of Light (IDL). This decision was made after the success of the International Year of Light (IYL) celebrated in 2015. It confirmed that raising awareness of the social role of photonics is crucial for further development. Based on the rich experience of IYL 2015 ("more than 13,000 activities took place in 147 countries to reach an estimated 100 million people"), the most important goals are to be followed by the IDL, including: raising social awareness, education, showing the influence of photonics on culture and art, promoting foreign cooperation and the important role of conducting basic research. As a result, it will lead to the creation of new solutions based on photonic technology, which has resulted in increased energy efficiency and improved quality of our life.

De cognitieve drie-eenheid: realiseren, interpreteren en abstraheren

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Radder
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Conceptual Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Causal Judgments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

The article consists of three main sections, in which I successively discuss the nature and role of realization, interpretation and abstraction in experimental and observational processes. In this way, these sections address several fundamental problems in philosophy of science, ontology and epistemology, and philosophy of language. Section 1 introduces the notion of realization processes, and argues that successful realization requires causal judgments. The second section discusses the role of conceptual interpretation in experiments and observations, explains how realization and interpretation can be distinguished, and emphasizes the significance of different types and ranges of experimental and observational reproducibility. It also includes a subsection on the issue of reproducibility in contemporary social sciences and psychology. Section 3 explains how concepts are abstracted from existing realization processes, and concludes that abstraction bestows a nonlocal meaning on these extensible concepts. In addition, I discuss and criticize some rival views of abstraction and concept meaning (to wit, mentalism and localism). The article concludes with some observations on the notion of a (cognitive) trinity.In my reply, I respond to the points raised in the six commentary papers. The following issues are addressed: the place of causality in physics (Steffen Ducheyne), perception in ordinary life (Monica Meijsing), the role of reproducibility in psychology and the social sciences (Daniël Lakens, Ruud Abma), the significance and implications of conceptual innovation (Lieven Decock), and the relationship between meaning, communication and ontology (Martin Stokhof and Michiel van Lambalgen).

Modern Means of Communication and Their Impact on the Social, Cultural and Intellectual Development of a Child

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Хосе Колома ◽  
Hose Koloma ◽  
Дебора Гарсия ◽  
Debora Garsiya
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Development Of Students

The article of American colleagues reveals the role of modern means of communication in the process of training and education of children of primary school and adolescence. Primary attention is paid to video games, the characteristics of their different types, including educational orientation. With concrete examples, the possible positive effect of the use of video games by teachers for the intellectual development of students, as well as the risks of uncontrolled use by children, are considered. Recommendations are given to teachers and parents to control the play activities of younger schoolchildren and adolescents in order to prevent the negative impact of video games on the health and mental state of a child.

The influence of beliefs on organ donation intention

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandir Pauli ◽  
Kenny Basso ◽  
Juliane Ruffatto
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Donation Intention

Purpose Recent technological developments in healthcare have enabled an increased number of organ transplantation surgeries. At the same time, there is an increase in the number of people awaiting organ transplant, coupled with the difficulty in donation. To bridge this gap, this study aims to propose to evaluate the effect of three types of beliefs (clinical beliefs, financial incentive beliefs and beliefs on the social benefits of altruism and solidarity) on the intention to donate organs. Moreover, this paper uses the attitudes in relation to donation to explain the effect of these beliefs on the intention to donate organs. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted using a survey of 422 Brazilian participants and a mediation analysis to test the mediation hypotheses. Findings The results suggest that the effect of three types of beliefs (clinical, economic order and social solidarity) influence the intention to donate organs indirectly through the formation of attitudes concerning organ donation. Research limitations/implications This article contributes to the understanding of the formation of organ donation intentions and the role of different types of beliefs in the formation of such intentions. Originality/value The findings extend the discussions regarding the role of beliefs in the formation of attitudes and intentions of organ donation and have significant value in creating public policies that further promote organ donation.

Psychological factors affecting market dynamics: the role of uncertainty and need satisfaction

2000 ◽  
Vol 03 (01n04) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Janssen ◽  
Wander Jager
Keyword(s):  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Cognitive Choice ◽  
Multi Agent

Markets can show different types of dynamics, ranging from stable markets dominated by one or a few products, to fluctuating markets where products are frequently being replaced by new versions. This paper explores the dynamics of markets from a psychological perspective using a multi-agent simulation model. The behavioural rules of the artificial consumers, the consumats, are based on a conceptual meta-theory from psychology. The artificial consumers have to choose each period between different products. Products remain on the market for as long as their market share exceeds a minimum level. If not, it will be replaced by a new product. Simulation experiments are being performed with a population of consumats having different preferences. Results show that the dominating type of cognitive (choice) process has large consequences for the resulting market dynamics. Moreover, the size of the social network affects the market dynamics too.

scholarly journals EL PAPEL DE LA DISTANCIA SOCIAL EN EL PERDÓN DE LA VIOLENCIA PSICOLÓGICA: MALESTAR PERSONAL Y COACCIÓN COMO RESPUESTA DE AFRONTAMIENTO

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
A.M. Beltrán-Morillas ◽  
I. Valor-Segura ◽  
F. Expósito
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Psychological Abuse ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Coping Response ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.THE ROLE OF SOCIAL DISTANCE IN THE FORGIVENESS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE: PERSONAL EVIL AND COACTION AS A RESPONSEThrough two studies, the present investigation analyzes the process of forgiveness before a situation of psychological abuse, depending on the social distance in relation to the person who transgresses. In the first study (n = 145), the granting of forgiveness to different types of violence (physical vs. psychological). The results showed that psychological degree (vs. physical). In the second study (n = 155) pardon, discomfort or personal distress was analyzed and coercion as a coping response, as a function of social distance (actor vs. observer). The results showed that personal discomfort is related to less forgiveness, and this in turn, is related to less coercion, especially in the condition of actor (observer). Likewise, the results also showed that forgiveness mediates the relationship between personal discomfort and resolution of coercion, especially when it comes to the perspective of the actor.Key words: Psychological abuse, coercion, social distance, personal malaise, pardonResumen.A través de dos estudios, la presente investigación analizar el proceso de perdón ante una situación de abuso psicológico, en función de la distancia social en relación con la persona que transgrede. En el primer estudio (n = 145), se examinó el otorgamiento de perdón ante diferentes tipos de violencia (física vs. psicológica). Los resultados mostraron que la violencia psicológica en mayor grado (vs. física). En el segundo estudio (n = 155) se analizó el perdón, el malestar o distrés personal y la coacción como respuesta de afrontamiento, en función de la distancia social (actor vs. observador). Los resultados evidenciaron que, el malestar personal se relaciona con un menor perdón, y éste a su vez, se relaciona con una menor coerción, especialmente en la condición de actor (observador). Asimismo, los resultados también evidenciaron que el perdón media la relación entre el malestar personal y la resolución de coerción, especialmente, cuando se trata de la perspectiva del actor.Palabras clave: Abuso psicológico, coacción, distancia social, malestar personal, perdón

scholarly journals The Importance Of Listening In Foreign Language Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (09) ◽  
pp. 643-646
Author(s):  
Karimova Jamila Shariyevna
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Listening Skill ◽  
Different Types

This article is devoted to the role of listening skill and it’s different types in terms of obtaining new language. The stages which are typically used in order to do listening  are given with their instructions in the article.

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