Syntactic variation in interactions across international Englishes

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Meierkord
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Contact Interactions ◽  
Dialect Contact ◽  
Syntactic Variation ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The World ◽  
World English ◽  
Different Parts

Discussions of World Englishes mainly concentrate on the particularities of individual varieties of English spoken in the different parts of the world. There is, however, another form of World English which emerges when speakers of different international varieties interact with each other. When English is the mother tongue of neither of the speakers who use the language for communicative purposes, they employ it as a lingua franca. This paper describes the syntactic variation found in this variety of English. It presents the results of analyses of a corpus containing 22 hours of naturally occurring interactions and describes both unsystematic as well as (seemingly) systematic grammatical choices made by the speakers. The results reveal that, not unlike the processes which have previously been documented for dialect contact, interactions across international Englishes are characterised by processes of levelling and regularisation, whilst at the same time individual speakers retain the characteristics of their original varieties. Individual Englishes are further constrained by transfer processes and interlanguage patterns.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Madurese Dialect in the English Conversation by the Members of Bata-Bata English Centre (BBEC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Imroatul Mufidah ◽  
Eva Nikmatul Rabbianty
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Language ◽  
Different Parts

The concept of world Englishes refers to English as a global language that means communication in numerous dialects and the movement towards an international standard for English. Varieties of English are used in various sociolinguistic contexts in different parts of the world, also in Indonesia. Since English plays as a foreign language, sometimes Indonesians still use their dialect. This study was mainly purposed to describe Madurese dialect in the English conversation made by Bata-Bata English Centre (BBEC). Mainly, this research is aimed to (1) Describe the patterns of Madurese dialect in English conversation by the members of the Bata-Bata English Centre (BBEC). (2) Know the factors that affect the pattern of Madurese dialect in the English conversation by the Bata-Bata English Centre (BBEC). This research belongs to qualitative research which investigates the group of BBEC about Madurese dialect in their English conversation. The researcher observed the students' learning process, interviewed them and took notes, recordings, and pictures. The study results were that the researcher found the patterns of Madurese dialect occur in the English conversation in three features: pronunciation which caused sound changing, a grammatical pattern that caused incorrect grammar; and inappropriate vocabulary. Second, the researcher found that three factors affected how their dialect in the English conversation. The first is lack of speech, Madurese language influences second, and the last factor is never listening to native English speakers. Madurese language that plays as their mother tongue influences their dialect in the English conversation

scholarly journals Studies on the agent of canine virus hepatitis (Rubarth's disease) II. The pathology and pathogenesis of the experimental disease produced by four strains of virus

1951 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Parry ◽  
N. M. Larin ◽  
H. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The World ◽  
Clinical Illness ◽  
Unusual Type ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Clinical And Pathological Features ◽  
Experimental Disease

The main clinical and pathological features of the naturally occurring canine virus hepatitis were reproduced in dogs, using four strains of virus from different parts of the world and by various routes of inoculation. Young puppies seemed to be most susceptible. A kitten was also infected. An unusual type of kerato-conjunctivitis occurred after both intraocular and intraperitoneal injection.Specific antigen was detected in the blood for short periods at irregular intervals during the acute stages of the illness and up to 6 months after complete clinical recovery.Specific antibodies were detected in the blood of recovered animals 3 to 10 weeks after the inoculation and 2–6 weeks after the onset of clinical illness.The four strains of virus were similar in their serological and immunological characters.Evidence is presented that virus can persist for some months in recovered animals.Virus was demonstrated in lice collected from affected dogs.The importance of clinically inapparent infections is stressed.

scholarly journals A Cognitive Construal of English News Headlines: Prominence Dimension

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Xing ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
The World ◽  
News Events ◽  
World English ◽  
News Headlines ◽  
Different Parts

As windows through which people get in touch with the world, English news headlines are extensively studied in both journalistic and linguistic fields. However, little literature has been found to approach their demonstrations and motivations behind. Cognitive Linguistics devotes itself to find out the motivations behind language demonstrations. From the perspective of prominence, one dimension of cognitive construal, this paper discusses the demonstrations and motivations of the news headlines of five different e-papers reporting the same news events. It is concluded that (1) different headlines in different e-papers give prominence to different parts of news events. (2) e-papers’ different attitudes towards the news events cognitively motivate the different demonstrations in terms of prominence.

scholarly journals MUHAMMAD HASHIM THATTWI AND HIS EDUCATIONAL EFFORTS: محمد هاشم التتوي وجهوده العلمية: دراسة تحليلية وصفية

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
KHALIL AHMED SALIH, SARDAR AHMED YAQOOB, SUMYYAH SARDAR AHME
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
The World ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Parts

This article of mine has been written on such personality who is famous and his educational efforts are featured in different educational fields. This personality with all his pelvis and interest has worked in ballad, compilation, fatwa, Fiqah and literature. Above all, he also got across languages other than his mother tongue. Even he got across Arabic language as well. And though he is not that much famous in Arabic countries but his personality is discussed in all academic circles in Pakistan especially in the Sindh province. This is the reason I have chosen this personality for this article so that I can highlight his research overview from different aspects. Here this is also noteworthy that in this article I have debated upon his personality, and in this case I have mentioned details and statements about him, and the services he did are also discussed in detail with complete explanation under research title. And the teachers from whom he got education whether they belong to Pakistan or foreign countries, their brief introduction is also discussed. This article of mine contains one trial, seven topics and an end. And in the end of the article, important results are also registered. And this personality Muhammad Hashim Thattwi travelled different parts of the world in order to get education which I have mentioned in this article. And his position was very high in all the academic circles. The evidence of his highness is that his colleagues and other scholars have appreciated his work. This is the clear evidence that Muhammad Hashim Thattwi was delusional scientific character. And in the end of the article I have mentioned his date of death and the place where he is buried.

‘World English’ and the Latin analogy: where we get it wrong

English Today ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanavillil Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Lingua Franca ◽  
International Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Break Up ◽  
World English ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTWill World English go the way of Latin? The phrase ‘Latin analogy’ was, it seems, coined by McArthur (1987), who distinguished a pessimistic or what he called ‘Babelesque’, perspective from an optimistic and a neutral (or pragmatic) perspectives to the comparison. The comparison continues to be made even today and generally it comes with a dire warning: the days of English as an international language, or a lingua franca for peoples from different parts of the world, are numbered. It will, sooner or later, break up into a number of different, mutually incomprehensible languages just the way good old Latin did. What is worse, in some cases this apprehension seems only to grow with the passage of time.

scholarly journals Linguistic Landscape in Sidoarjo City

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-116
Author(s):  
Zakiyatul Fakhiroh ◽  
Zuliati Rohmah
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The World ◽  
Landscape Research ◽  
Asian Languages ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Main Streets

Linguistic landscape research has been administered in different parts of the world by several researchers. However, linguistic landscape research in Indonesia is still limited in number. To respond to the scarcity of linguistic landscape study in Indonesia, the present research discusses the visible languages, proportions of top-down and bottom-up signs in Sidoarjo City. The functions of the signs are also identified.Data were collected from signs in some public places and along the main streets of Sidoarjo City.The results of the study show that the linguistic landscape is dominated by Indonesian. English is used more often than Arabic. Javanese as the mother tongue for the majority of the society of Sidoarjo is rarely used. Some other Asian languages are also apparent in the shopping centers. Description and explanation of the functions of the signs are also presented.

scholarly journals The Empire Struck Back: Cross‐Cultural Communication in a Multilingual Classroom

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Mathew Bumbalough
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Language Identity ◽  
Multilingual Writing ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
World English ◽  
Multilingual Classroom

This pilot study explores language identity in the field of World Englishes as international students in a multilingual writing classroom encounter a Westerncentric teaching environment while struggling to become a part of the World English speaking community. In this instance, the students were able to bring their cultural and linguistic identities into the classroom in order to make meaning, and joined a community of practice that took into consideration their agency and L1 identities. Based on my initial classroom observations, I identified a pair of students to interview in order to triangulate and confirm my findings. By conducting semistructured interviews, analyzing paper topics, and learning about the participants” backgrounds, I was able to determine that while English was important to each of them in different ways, their identities were what was most important of all. Through an analysis of their interactions and interviews I assert that they are, in a true sense, speakers of World Englishes who are struggling to create their language identities as they bring their cultural and linguistic capital into the classroom to deal with any issues they face. As a result, there were several gaps I noticed between (western) teaching practices and the World Englishes the students speak. While this is a pilot study, I hope to further investigate my findings in a full ethnography that will expand on the issues in this paper.

UNDERSTANDING OF WORLD ENGLISHES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Martina Napratilora ◽  
Rika Devianti
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Identity ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Language User ◽  
Sociology Of Language ◽  
Linguistic Approaches ◽  
Different Parts

World Englishes means that the different forms and varieties of English used in various sociolinguistic contexts in different parts of the world. It include the English Studies approach, sociolinguistic approaches (sociology of language, features-based, Kachruvian, pidgin and creole studies), applied linguistic approaches, lexicographical approaches, the popularizers approach, critical approaches, and the futurology approach. English studies approach is focus on the analysis of varieties of English from a synchronic and historical perspective, against a tradition of English Studies (Anglistik), dating from the late 19th century. Sociology of language is focus on English Research in relation to such issues as language maintenance/shift, and ethnolinguistic identity. Features-based is focus on the description of English through dialectological and variationist methodologies. The paper aim is to describe about what is world Englishes and English different form and English varieties used in sociolinguistic context. By knowing about world Englishes will help the language user be easy to use the language.

scholarly journals An attempt to raise Thai students’ awareness of World Englishes in a General English Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Krich Rajprasit ◽  
Roby Marlina
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Thai Students ◽  
English Program ◽  
Different Parts

As witnessed over three decades in the field of Applied Linguistics, the emergence of world Englishes (hereafter WE), thanks to the global spread of English, has prompted various scholars to call for the need to critically revise the ways in which teachers teach English. Specifically, practitioners have been encouraged to raise their students’ awareness of WE. Examples of WE-informed curricula, modules, or lessons have been showcased by WE advocates from different parts of the world. However, most of these curricula, modules, and lessons are taught or delivered within TESOL teacher-education programs, leading some educators to question the relevance of WE to language learners. This paper showcases and evaluates critically how a WE-informed practitioner at one of the leading universities in Thailand attempts to inspire students enrolled in a General English program to develop respectful views of English language variation. Although the attempt has resulted in minor changes in students’ views, it certainly highlights that the teaching of world Englishes to English language learners is far from an idealistic attempt.

BIOASSAY CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL URINARY GONADOTROPHIN EXTRACTS

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Raymond C. Mellinger ◽  
Jalileh A. Mansour ◽  
Richmond W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Quantitative Bioassay ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT A reference standard is widely sought for use in the quantitative bioassay of pituitary gonadotrophin recovered from urine. The biologic similarity of pooled urinary extracts obtained from large numbers of subjects, utilizing groups of different age and sex, preparing and assaying the materials by varying techniques in different parts of the world, has lead to a general acceptance of such preparations as international gonadotrophin reference standards. In the present study, however, the extract of pooled urine from a small number of young women is shown to produce a significantly different bioassay response from that of the reference materials. Gonadotrophins of individual subjects likewise varied from the multiple subject standards in many instances. The cause of these differences is thought to be due to the modifying influence of non-hormonal substances extracted from urine with the gonadotrophin and not necessarily to variations in the gonadotrophins themselves. Such modifying factors might have similar effects in a comparative assay of pooled extracts contributed by many subjects, but produce significant variations when material from individual subjects is compared. It is concluded that the expression of potency of a gonadotrophic extract in terms of pooled reference material to which it is not essentially similar may diminish rather than enhance the validity of the assay.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document