Preterite be

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Richards
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Time Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North

In this paper I analyse variation in the use of past tense be in data from Morley, a suburb of Leeds, in the North of England, using both real-time and apparent-time data. Rather than concentrating on the traditional aspects of this variable, namely alternation between was and were, I identify four phonetic variants of the past tense be system. I propose that the community under consideration are adopting intermediate variants that, both in terms of perception and production, lie between the standard (British) realisations of was [wɒz] and were [wɜː]. A reallocation process has occurred between these two intermediate forms, along the lines of polarity. The inclusion of the intermediate forms of past tense be enables us to perceive previously unobserved patterns of variation with regard to this variable.

scholarly journals Semantic Enrichment of Streaming Healthcare Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cotter ◽  
V. K. Cody Bumgardner
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Automated Inference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Client Side ◽  
Integrate Data

AbstractIn the past decade, the healthcare industry has made significant advances in the digitization of patient information. However, a lack of interoperability among healthcare systems still imposes a high cost to patients, hospitals, and insurers. Currently, most systems pass messages using idiosyncratic messaging standards that require specialized knowledge to interpret. This increases the cost of systems integration and often puts more advanced uses of data out of reach. In this project, we demonstrate how two open standards, FHIR and RDF, can be combined both to integrate data from disparate sources in real time and make that data queryable and susceptible to automated inference. To validate the effectiveness of the semantic engine, we perform simulations of real-time data feeds and demonstrate how they can be combined and used by client-side applications with no knowledge of the underlying sources.

scholarly journals A survey of European sea level infrastructure

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Woodworth ◽  
L. J. Rickards ◽  
B. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
North African ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
The North ◽  
Good Shape

Abstract. This paper summaries findings from a survey of European sea level infrastructure (tide gauges, telemetry methods, ancillary information) conducted at the end of 2008 on behalf of the Tsunami Risk ANd Strategies For the European Region (TRANSFER), Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System in the North-Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Connected Seas (NEAMTWS), European Sea Level Service (ESEAS) and Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) projects and programmes. Approximately 478 strategic tide gauges were found to be operational at this time, of which about three-quarters have near-real time data telemetry of various kinds. Around half of the gauges take part in real-time international data exchange. The NEAMTWS network can be considered to be in good shape in that most of its sites for which a gauge exists will be capable of meeting required standards in the near future. On the other hand, NEAMTWS (and the European and North African network in general) contains major gaps along the North African coastline and on European Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts which require new installations. The paper also summaries standards for the various sea level programmes, and reviews existing European infrastructure in the form of data centres and web sites.

Significant Reduction of Well System Fatigue by Use of Reactive Flex Joint with Integrated Monitoring System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Olav Sønåsen ◽  
Per Thomas Moe ◽  
Morten Hansen ◽  
Dag André Fjeldstad ◽  
Halvor Gustad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
Cyclic Bending ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
The North

Abstract Operators working on shallow and mid-water depths in rough seas are focusing on reducing fatigue in the upper part of well systems during drilling operations. Fatigue is caused by cyclic bending moments due to wave induced riser and vessel motions. The combined use of a Reactive Flex-Joint (RFJ) and the Well Access Management System (WAMS) has demonstrated significantly reduced fatigue exposure through a reduction in loads, reporting of real-time status and rig positioning advice. The RFJ is a mechanism mounted on a standard flex joint for easy installation on drilling rigs. It uses a nitrogen gas spring to reverse the flex joint bending moment. The generated opposing moment increases with an increasing angle of the lower flex joint. This significantly reduces the cyclic bending moments in the lower part of the Blow Out Preventer (BOP) and wellhead (WH) system. WAMS is an advanced monitoring system that may be operated as a fully integrated part of the RFJ design. Sensors provide real-time data for flex joint angle, BOP inclination, wellhead- and riser bending moments. The data is used to assess incurring fatigue damage in real-time and for reporting fatigue status after operations. Two RFJ systems have been in continuous use on two separate rigs during 2020. The RFJ system and WAMS are field-proven and have demonstrated their efficiency in challenging operations in the Barents Sea and the North Sea. The RFJ has been well received in the market due to one-time installation, safe use, significant reduction in wellhead loads, and low operating expenses (OPEX). Data obtained from the operations have been carefully analyzed and show that the RFJ reduces cyclic loads from 50 to 80% resulting in 30 to as much as 1000 times extended fatigue life of the wellhead. The RFJ efficiency depends on the settings of the system and operational conditions.

scholarly journals Frontiers of Real-Time Data Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Croushore
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Time Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Revisions ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
The Impact

In the past ten years, researchers have explored the impact of data revisions in many different contexts. Researchers have examined the properties of data revisions, how structural modeling is affected by data revisions, how data revisions affect forecasting, the impact of data revisions on monetary policy analysis, and the use of real-time data in current analysis. This paper summarizes many of the questions for which real-time data analysis has provided answers. In addition, researchers and institutions have developed better real-time data sets around the world. Still, additional research is needed in key areas and research to date has uncovered even more fruitful areas worth exploring. (JEL C52, C53, C80, E01)

Real-time probability forecasts of UK macroeconomic events

2008 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Anthony Garratt ◽  
Kevin Lee ◽  
Shaun Vahey
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Probability Forecast ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Revisions ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Probability Forecasts ◽  
Density Forecasts ◽  
Release Data

An overview is provided of the issues raised in the recent literature on the use of real-time data in the context of nowcasting and forecasting UK macroeconomic events. The ideas are illustrated through two specific applications using UK real-time data available over 1961-2006 and providing probability forecasts that could have been produced in real time over the past twenty years. In the first, we consider the reliability of first-release data on the components of UK aggregate demand by looking at forecasts of the probability of substantial data revisions. In the second, we consider the estimation of the output gap, illustrating the uncertainty surrounding its measurement through density forecasts and focusing on its interpretation in terms of inflationary pressure through an event probability forecast.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the 2018 Bago River Flood of Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Komori ◽  
Akiyuki Kawasaki ◽  
Nanami Sakai ◽  
Natsumi Shimomura ◽  
Akira Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Time Data ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
The Past ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
River Flood ◽  
The Right

A massive flood in Myanmar struck the Bago river in July, 2018. In this study, because of the limitation of real-time data availability, the satellite-based precipitation was used for clarifying the characteristics of the flood. The total precipitation during 10 days from July 22, when the flood first began at the western Bago city, was estimated approximately 753 mm and 527 mm at the Bago and Zaungts stations in the Bago river watershed. These values were corresponding to 355% and 294% of average of the 10-day total precipitation at the Bago (1967–2015) and Zaungts (1987–2014) stations. Furthermore, not only the 3-day and weekly peak precipitations but also the annual accumulative precipitations during July 22 and August 16 were estimated larger than the largest recorded precipitations at both stations. Although the Zaungts dam stored approximately 140 million m3 during this period, which was an amount equivalent to 40% of inflow volume during July 22 and 28, the resulting flood widely propagated in the Bago city. Based on the flood survey, the 2018 Bago river flood was classified into 4 areas; the right bank of the Bago river, the eastern town, the northern town, and the downstream from the Zaungts Weir and Bago city. These areas were marked as vulnerable areas in the Bago city. The Bago river watershed has experienced many floods in the past, and floods on the same scale as this flood are expected to occur in the future. Therefore, it is essential to understand the characteristics of the 2018 Bago river flood and develop near real-time monitoring of hydrometeorological situation to be prepared for the next flood disaster.

Video real-time imaging of artificial membranes during freeze-drying by cryo-electron microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Alan S. Rudolph ◽  
Ronald R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Video Capture ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Artificial Membranes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Capture Techniques

We have employed cryoelectron microscopy to visualize events that occur during the freeze-drying of artificial membranes by employing real time video capture techniques. Artificial membranes or liposomes which are spherical structures within internal aqueous space are stabilized by water which provides the driving force for spontaneous self-assembly of these structures. Previous assays of damage to these structures which are induced by freeze drying reveal that the two principal deleterious events that occur are 1) fusion of liposomes and 2) leakage of contents trapped within the liposome [1]. In the past the only way to access these events was to examine the liposomes following the dehydration event. This technique allows the event to be monitored in real time as the liposomes destabilize and as water is sublimed at cryo temperatures in the vacuum of the microscope. The method by which liposomes are compromised by freeze-drying are largely unknown. This technique has shown that cryo-protectants such as glycerol and carbohydrates are able to maintain liposomal structure throughout the drying process.

Ambulatory Assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer ◽  
Timothy J. Trull
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ambulatory Assessment ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

Convergent experimental data, autobiographical studies, and investigations on daily life have all demonstrated that gathering information retrospectively is a highly dubious methodology. Retrospection is subject to multiple systematic distortions (i.e., affective valence effect, mood congruent memory effect, duration neglect; peak end rule) as it is based on (often biased) storage and recollection of memories of the original experience or the behavior that are of interest. The method of choice to circumvent these biases is the use of electronic diaries to collect self-reported symptoms, behaviors, or physiological processes in real time. Different terms have been used for this kind of methodology: ambulatory assessment, ecological momentary assessment, experience sampling method, and real-time data capture. Even though the terms differ, they have in common the use of computer-assisted methodology to assess self-reported symptoms, behaviors, or physiological processes, while the participant undergoes normal daily activities. In this review we discuss the main features and advantages of ambulatory assessment regarding clinical psychology and psychiatry: (a) the use of realtime assessment to circumvent biased recollection, (b) assessment in real life to enhance generalizability, (c) repeated assessment to investigate within person processes, (d) multimodal assessment, including psychological, physiological and behavioral data, (e) the opportunity to assess and investigate context-specific relationships, and (f) the possibility of giving feedback in real time. Using prototypic examples from the literature of clinical psychology and psychiatry, we demonstrate that ambulatory assessment can answer specific research questions better than laboratory or questionnaire studies.

Preverbation and narrativity in Lithuanian. The distribution of finite simplex and compound verbs in narrative main clauses

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Lea Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Text ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Compound Verbs ◽  
Finite Verb

The article deals with the use of simplex and compound (prefixed) verbs in narrative text. Main clauses comprising finite verb forms in the past and in the past habitual tense are examined in an attempt to establish to what extent simplex and compound verbs exhibit aspect oppositions, and whether a correlation exists between the occurrence of simplex vs. compound verbs and distinct textual units. The investigation shows that although simple and compound verbs in Lithuanian are not in direct aspect opposition to each other, in the background text portions most of the verbs are prefixless past tense forms or habitual forms, whereas in the plot-advancing text portions, the vast majority of verbs are compound verbs in the simple past tense.  

Interrogating the Constitutionality of Federal Character Principle in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 20492-20498
Author(s):  
Aborisade Olasunkanmi ◽  
Christopher Agulanna
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Research Work ◽  
National Unity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Inhibiting Factors

This work interrogates federal character principle (FCP) in Nigeria. The FCP was designed to fundamentally address the striking features of Nigeria politics of intense struggles for power among the different ethnic groups in the country between the elites from the North and their Southern counterparts and the various segments, but the practice of FCP in Nigeria so far raises curiosity and doubts. Given the outcome of the interrogation, this research work discovered and conclude that federal character has not indeed achieve its objective in the Nigeria, the study finds that Ethnocentrism, Elitism, Mediocrity, Mutual suspicion amongst others accounts for some inhibiting factors of the FCP in Nigeria. Like many other provisions of the Constitution, the Federal Character principle was meant to correct some imbalances experienced in the past, but it has created more problems than it has attempted to solve. Rather than promote national unity, it has disunited Nigerians. There is an urgent need to use more of professionals and result oriented Nigerians to carry out national tasks, than to use unprogressive people due to this "Federal character" issue. Nigeria should be a place where one's track records and qualifications are far greater than just "where they come from" or their lineage if Nigerian truly want to progress.

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