Comparative analysis of children’s narratives at different ages

Gesture ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Colletta
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Old French ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Oral Narratives ◽  
Developmental Aspect ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Children's Narratives ◽  
Narrative Performance

This study addresses two questions. The first question is about how children integrate linguistic, prosodic and kinesic resources into organised discourse behaviour such as oral narratives. Three event reports produced spontaneously by 9- to 11-year-old French children during interviews with an adult were extracted from a video corpus. A detailed analysis of these on four dimensions (discourse construction, voice and prosody, co-speech gestures and facial expressions, gaze direction) reveals a remarkable ability in children of this age to use prosodic and kinesic resources to frame and structure their narrative, to dramatise and enliven the recounted events, and to comment on them or on the narration. The second question stresses the developmental aspect of multimodal narrative behaviour. 32 event reports extracted from the same corpus and produced by French children aged from 6 to 11 years were analysed in a similar way and rated by two independent coders. This second study leads us to distinguish between three levels of narrative performance which appear to coincide by age. The multimodal study of oral narratives thus shows how and when children gradually become genuine narrators.

scholarly journals Recognition of Emotion from Facial Expressions with Direct or Averted Eye Gaze and Varying Expression Intensities in Children with Autism Disorder and Typically Developing Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Tell ◽  
Denise Davidson ◽  
Linda A. Camras
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Expression Intensity ◽  
Autism Disorder

Eye gaze direction and expression intensity effects on emotion recognition in children with autism disorder and typically developing children were investigated. Children with autism disorder and typically developing children identified happy and angry expressions equally well. Children with autism disorder, however, were less accurate in identifying fear expressions across intensities and eye gaze directions. Children with autism disorder rated expressions with direct eyes, and 50% expressions, as more intense than typically developing children. A trend was also found for sad expressions, as children with autism disorder were less accurate in recognizing sadness at 100% intensity with direct eyes than typically developing children. Although the present research showed that children with autism disorder are sensitive to eye gaze direction, impairments in the recognition of fear, and possibly sadness, exist. Furthermore, children with autism disorder and typically developing children perceive the intensity of emotional expressions differently.

scholarly journals Olonkho Comparisons: Stability and Transformations (based on the Texts from the Northern Epic Tradition of the Yakuts)

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-219
Author(s):  
S. D. Lvova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Epic Tradition ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
Definition Of

The results of a comparative analysis of options for staible comparisons characteristic of the northern epic tradition of the Yakuts are presented. The relevance of the study is due to insufficient research of comparisons on the material of epic texts of the northern regions matching the established traditions of the olonkho of the central and Vilyuy regions of Yakutia to identify their commonality and specificity. Particular attention is paid to the structure of comparative constructions, their parallelization and the content of comparison images. A detailed analysis of the components of the five stable comparisons operating in all four texts is provided. As a result of the study, increased stability of comparisons was established in the Verkhoyansk, Mom and Oymyakon texts of the olonkho, in which only the peripheral part varies (epithets, additional terms of parallelism). The author’s notable introduction of the narrator in the Middle Kolyma text is considered, where peculiar objects and images of comparison are revealed. A comparison image was found that is characteristic only of the northern epic tradition when describing the heroic table. The definitions of individual obsolete words and their interpretation with the aim of establishing the original images of olonkho are given. A definition of the word kunnyalyk , missing in the dictionaries of the Yakut language, used as an epithet, included in the comparison construction and as a designation of an independent reference standard is proposed.

scholarly journals Theorizing Cultural and Social Intersections of Age and Gender: The Approach of Anocriticism

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 826-826
Author(s):  
Roberta Maierhofer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Gerontological Research ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Narrative Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Dimension

Abstract This contribution discusses empirical applications of the approach of ‘anocriticism’ in interdisciplinary gerontological research. Despite the connection in terms of epistemology and ontology, the intersection of gender and age has been mostly ignored, privileging works focusing either on age or gender (Calasanti & Slevin 2001:27; Denninger & Schütze 2017:7). Age/ing Studies, however, would not have been established as a field without the theoretical and methodological approaches of feminist theory (Maierhofer (2019:2). Anocriticism was originally developed in order to investigate cultural representations of age/ing (Maierhofer 2003, 2004b, 2004a, 2007, 2012), but has recently been taken up in social sciences (Ratzenböck 2016a, 2016b, 2017a, 2017b; Gales and Loos 2020, forthcoming) in order to draw attention to four dimensions: (a) age and aging’s collective cultural construction and relation to gender, (b) the individual dimension of aging, (c) people’s interpretative power and narrative performance, and (d) age/ing’s potential for resistance and change.

scholarly journals Talking About the Non-Literal: Internal States and Explanations in Child-Constructed Narratives

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edy Veneziano
Keyword(s):  
Old French ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Narrative Skills ◽  
Children's Narratives ◽  
Internal States ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Children's Attention ◽  
Evaluative Instrument ◽  
Children's Stories

Abstract Non-literal language most often permeates interesting and informative narratives. These are the non-perceptible, inferential aspects of a story, such as the explanation of events, the attribution of internal, particularly mental, states to the characters of the story, or the evaluation of events by the participants and/or the narrator. The main aim of this paper is to examine whether non-literal uses can be promoted in 7-year-old French-speaking children’s narratives through the use of a short conversational intervention (SCI) which focuses the children’s attention on the causes of events. The results show that, after the SCI, the expression of non-literal aspects, even higher-order ones, may make their appearance or significantly increase in children’s stories. The reasons for the effectiveness of the SCI in the promotion of non-literal uses of language and narrative skills in general, as well as the importance of using the SCI as an evaluative instrument, are discussed.

Training the Body Politic: Networked Masculinity and the ‘War on Terror’ in Hollywood Film

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Knee
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
James Bond ◽  
Hollywood Film ◽  
Hollywood Films ◽  
Political Perspective

Adam Knee continues this discussion of the action/adventure genre in Chapter Seven, "Training the Body Politic: Networked Masculinity and the 'War on Terror' in Hollywood Film", offering a detailed analysis of the representation of masculinity and agency in two Hollywood films, Unstoppable (2010) and Source Code (2011), which exhibit striking similarities at a range of levels, from their narratives to deeper structures of gendered character function, theme, and geo-political perspective that, he contends, are a manifestation of distinctly post-9/11 American concerns. Like Vincent M. Gaine's chapter on James Bond, Knee analyses both the variations inherent in the genre in the wake of 9/11 and the consistencies of the parameters of American mainstream film, and, more specifically, a developing conceptualization of modes of disciplined masculinity necessitated by the nation’s 'War on Terror' narrative. Knee then concludes with a comparative analysis of a pre-9/11 film and its post-9/11 remake in which these parameters are brought to the fore: the original Paul Verhoeven RoboCop (1987) and RoboCop (2014) directed by José Padilha.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ulrich Becker
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Different Dimensions

The chapter introduces the aim of the book, its structure, and its relevance, including an overview of previously published works in the field. It emphasises a double-sided understanding of the constitution of welfare states by way of background to the book, which aims to provide, from a comparative perspective, a detailed analysis of crisis-driven changes in the nine EU Member States that were particularly affected by the financial crisis. As a basis for the subsequent country reports and comparative analysis, this introduction explains different forms and functions of social protection and different dimensions and levels of human rights protection, as well as detailing the time and place of investigation.

scholarly journals Predicting the Difficulty of Language Proficiency Tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Beinborn ◽  
Torsten Zesch ◽  
Iryna Gurevych
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
Four Dimensions

Language proficiency tests are used to evaluate and compare the progress of language learners. We present an approach for automatic difficulty prediction of C-tests that performs on par with human experts. On the basis of detailed analysis of newly collected data, we develop a model for C-test difficulty introducing four dimensions: solution difficulty, candidate ambiguity, inter-gap dependency, and paragraph difficulty. We show that cues from all four dimensions contribute to C-test difficulty.

The CoExistence of Copyright and Patent Laws to Protect InnovationA Case Study of 3D Printing in UK and Australian Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinusha Mendis ◽  
Jane Nielsen ◽  
Diane Nicol ◽  
Phoebe Li
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Ip Protection ◽  
Patent Laws

The chapter considers the challenges faced by intellectual property (IP) laws, in particular copyright and patent laws, in responding to emerging technologies and innovation like 3D printing and scanning. It provides a brief introduction to 3D printing before moving to detailed analysis of relevant UK and Australian jurisprudence. Through this comparative analysis, the chapter explores whether copyright and patent laws can effectively protect innovation in this emerging technology, including consideration of both subsistence and infringement. The chapter suggests that 3D printing, like most other technologies, has a universal reach, yet subtle differences in the wording and interpretation of IP legislation between jurisdictions could lead to anomalies in levels of protection. It explores the possibility of a sui generis regime of IP protection for 3D printing, but submits that a nuanced reworking of existing regimes is, in the vast majority of circumstances, likely to be a sufficient response.

scholarly journals DDoS-Capable IoT Malwares: Comparative Analysis and Mirai Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele De Donno ◽  
Nicola Dragoni ◽  
Alberto Giaretta ◽  
Angelo Spognardi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Distributed Denial Of Service ◽  
Ddos Attacks ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) revolution has not only carried the astonishing promise to interconnect a whole generation of traditionally “dumb” devices, but also brought to the Internet the menace of billions of badly protected and easily hackable objects. Not surprisingly, this sudden flooding of fresh and insecure devices fueled older threats, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we first propose an updated and comprehensive taxonomy of DDoS attacks, together with a number of examples on how this classification maps to real-world attacks. Then, we outline the current situation of DDoS-enabled malwares in IoT networks, highlighting how recent data support our concerns about the growing in popularity of these malwares. Finally, we give a detailed analysis of the general framework and the operating principles of Mirai, the most disruptive DDoS-capable IoT malware seen so far.

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