An Englishman’s Vindication of Scots: James Adams (1737–1802) — Jesuit, Teacher and Linguist

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-107
Author(s):  
Martina Häcker
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World View ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
First Case ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
State Of Affairs

This article investigates the linguistic work of the English Jesuit James Adams (1737–1802). It places Adams’ work in the socio-cultural context of 18th-century linguistic writing, in particular with respect to two ongoing debates: (1) on a monogenetic vs. a polygenetic origin of language and (2) on the origins of Scots. Both of these were highly ideological debates, in the first case between a biblical and a scientific world view, and in the latter between those who were content with the political state of affairs (the Union of Scotland and England), and those who would rather have had an independent Scotland. Adams manages to reconcile linguistic evidence with monogenism, while his views on language and dialects are guided by ‘Christian phil­anthropy’. They contrast sharply with those of many of his contemporaries. In his “Vindication of the Dialect of Scotland”, which is the central part of the “Appendix” of hisPronunciation of the English Language(published in 1799), Adams strongly votes for Scottish linguistic independence, though not for political independence, even advocating a separate Scots spelling. The analysis of this work shows that his attitude to dialects is informed by his education and life as a Jesuit in the 18th century, his belief that all people are created as equals, his didactic concerns as a teacher, and the personal experience of an extended stay in Scotland.

An Englishman’s Vindication of Scots

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-107
Author(s):  
Martina Häcker
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
World View ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
First Case ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
State Of Affairs

Summary This article investigates the linguistic work of the English Jesuit James Adams (1737–1802). It places Adams’ work in the socio-cultural context of 18th-century linguistic writing, in particular with respect to two ongoing debates: (1) on a monogenetic vs. a polygenetic origin of language and (2) on the origins of Scots. Both of these were highly ideological debates, in the first case between a biblical and a scientific world view, and in the latter between those who were content with the political state of affairs (the Union of Scotland and England), and those who would rather have had an independent Scotland. Adams manages to reconcile linguistic evidence with monogenism, while his views on language and dialects are guided by ‘Christian phil­anthropy’. They contrast sharply with those of many of his contemporaries. In his “Vindication of the Dialect of Scotland”, which is the central part of the “Appendix” of his Pronunciation of the English Language (published in 1799), Adams strongly votes for Scottish linguistic independence, though not for political independence, even advocating a separate Scots spelling. The analysis of this work shows that his attitude to dialects is informed by his education and life as a Jesuit in the 18th century, his belief that all people are created as equals, his didactic concerns as a teacher, and the personal experience of an extended stay in Scotland.

Two Gambling Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Tzu-Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Immigrant Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mail Order ◽  
Foreign Brides ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

This narrative aims to explore the meaning and lived experiences of marriage that a unique immigrant population—“foreign brides” in Taiwan—possesses. This convergence narrative illustrates the dynamics and complexity of mail-order marriage and women's perseverance in a cross-cultural context. The relationship between marriage, race, and migration is analyzed. This narrative is comprised of and intertwined by two story lines. One is the story of two “foreign brides” in Taiwan. The other is my story about my cross-cultural relationship. All the dialogues are generated by 25 interviews of “foreign brides” in Taiwan and my personal experience.

A Scientific World-View of Nature and Environmental Problem with a Special Concentration on Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s Understanding of Environmental Sustainability (Perspektif Sains terhadap Krisis Alam dan Persekitaran: Pemikiran Seyyed Hossein Nasr tentan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-328
Author(s):  
Md. Abu Sayem
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
World View ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
World Views ◽  
Renaissance Humanism ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
European Renaissance

The present paper attempts to expose how the scientific world-view of nature contributes to the present environmental crisis. Alongside this, it relates European Renaissance, humanism, secularism, the scientific and industrial revolutions, modern philosophy, scientism, technology-based modern life, consumerism-based modern society, etc. with current environmental problems. By focusing on Nasr’s traditional understanding of nature, the paper explores how materialistic and mechanistic world-views are deeply connected with the present ecological crisis. It also offers a critical analysis of Nasr’s spiritual and religious world-view of nature and examines its relevance. In doing so, it aims to highlight some demerits of the present world-view, and to call to reform current perceptions of nature by revitalizing traditional wisdom in order to protect the environment from further degradation. Thus, the paper is scholarly addition to the ongoing discourse on the issue of religions and the environment. Keywords: Eco-theology, Environmental Degradation, Materialistic and Mechanistic Views of Nature, Scientism, Spiritual Crisis of Modern humans, Religious and Spiritual World-Views.   Abstrak Kertas kajian ini menerangkan bagaimana pandangan saintifik telah menyumbang kepada krisis alam sekitar semasa. Disamping itu, kertas ini akan menhubungkaitkan Gerakan Revolusi Humanisma di Eropah, sekularisme, revolusi  sains dan perindustrian, falsafah moden, saintisme, kehidupan moden yang berasaskan teknologi, masyarakat moden yang berasaskan consumerisme, etc. dengan krisis alam sekitar yang berlaku dewasa ini.  Dengan memahami pandangan Nasr terhadap alam sekitar, kertas ini akan merungkai bagaimana pandangan materialistik (kebendaan) dan mekanistik mempengaruhi krisis ekologi masa kini. Ia juga akan menganalisa pandangan spiritual dan agama Nasr terhadap alam sekitar secara kritikal dan akan menilai sejauh mana kesesuaiannya. Dengan sedemikian dapat menyedarkan manusia tentang kecacatan pandangan semasa, yang kemudiannya akan membawa kepada pembaharuan persepsi mereka terhadap alam sekitar dengan cara menghidupkan semula nilai-nilai tradisional demi mengelakkan kemerosotan alam sekitar. Kertas ini akan memuatkan idea-idea para cendiakawan dalam membincangkan isu  berkaitan agama dan alam sekitar. Kata Kunci: Eko-Teologi, Kemerosotan Alam Sekitar, Pandangan Materialistik dan Makanistik terhadap Alam, Saintisme, Krisis Spiritual Manusia Moden, Perspektif Spiritual dan Agama.

Scales and Units

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. de Luna
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
The North ◽  
First Case ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
River Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternative Approaches

This chapter uses two case studies to explore how historians study language movement and change through comparative historical linguistics. The first case study stands as a short chapter in the larger history of the expansion of Bantu languages across eastern, central, and southern Africa. It focuses on the expansion of proto-Kafue, ca. 950–1250, from a linguistic homeland in the middle Kafue River region to lands beyond the Lukanga swamps to the north and the Zambezi River to the south. This expansion was made possible by a dramatic reconfiguration of ties of kinship. The second case study explores linguistic evidence for ridicule along the Lozi-Botatwe frontier in the mid- to late 19th century. Significantly, the units and scales of language movement and change in precolonial periods rendered visible through comparative historical linguistics bring to our attention alternative approaches to language change and movement in contemporary Africa.

Syncopal Episodes Associated with Cisapride and Concurrent Drugs

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Seals Gray
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Qt Prolongation ◽  
Azole Antifungals ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Cardiac Dysrhythmias ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
First Case ◽  
Patients At Risk

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of QT prolongation and syncopal episodes resulting from concomitant use of cisapride and agents known to inhibit its metabolism. CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old white woman was involved in two motor vehicle accidents on the same day after experiencing syncopal episodes. Cardiac and neurologic evaluations were negative; the syncopal episodes were attributed to QT prolongation associated with the concomitant use of cisapride and agents known to inhibit its metabolism. DISCUSSION: This is the first case published in the English-language literature describing QT prolongation resulting from the concomitant use of cisapride and agents known to inhibit its metabolism. Clarithromycin inhibits CYP3A4, the isoenzyme responsible for the metabolism of cisapride. Concomitant administration of cisapride with agents known to inhibit CYP3A4 (i.e., azole antifungals, erythromycin, clarithromycin) may result in elevated cisapride concentrations. Elevated cisapride concentrations have been associated with QT prolongation, syncopal episodes, and cardiac dysrhythmias. CONCLUSIONS: Acquired QT prolongation is a well-recognized adverse effect of several drugs. Recognition of newer drugs and drug combinations that place patients at risk for this potentially fatal adverse event is imperative for appropriate monitoring and prevention.

Karl Friedrich Schinkel

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
English Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Second World

Karl Friedrich Schinkel (b. Neuruppin, 1781–d. Berlin, 1841) was a celebrated Prussian architect, theatre set designer, artist, furniture and object designer, urban planner, and civil servant. Born into modest yet respectable circumstances as the son of a deacon, Schinkel, by virtue of his talent and work ethic, rose in his own lifetime to become one of Prussia’s most celebrated cultural figures and its chief royal architect. He worked mostly in Berlin and its surrounding territories, including in some areas that are now part of Poland. His built works suffered heavy destruction during the Second World War, but important examples still survive or have been reconstructed, including the Altes Museum, the Friedrich-Werder Church, the Theatre (Schauspielhaus), and the New Guardhouse in Berlin, as well as the Charlottenhof and Glienicke Palaces in nearby Potsdam. His paintings, drawings, and personal archives can be found mostly in collections in and around Berlin, including at various departments of the Berlin State Museums. Recent debates have surrounded the potential reconstruction of Schinkel’s celebrated masterpiece, the Berlin Bauakademie (which was demolished in 1962), bringing a consciousness of Schinkel’s legacy to the fore in German public life once again. Despite his fame in Germany and his noted status as a reference-point for German avant-garde modernism, Schinkel’s work has remained under-explored in the English language (with some notable exceptions) due to difficulties accessing both his buildings and his archives in the years between the Second World War and German reunification. Since the 1990s, however, Schinkel’s international reputation has been steadily restored due to the efforts of a number of scholars and curators who have sought to disseminate his work more widely than ever before. Schinkel’s oeuvre is as eclectic as the tools and media he employed to realize it are versatile. They reveal traces of neoclassicism and the neogothic, French Enlightenment formalism, German Romanticism and Idealism, and 19th-century historicism. But at the same time, his work resists absolute categorization, by virtue of the fact that he lived and worked suspended between two epochs: he was born too late to be immersed in the worldview of the 18th-century Enlightenment and French Revolution, but nor did he live to see Germany’s development as a fully industrialized and unified nation. Occupying this ambiguous historical moment has given Schinkel’s work a versatility, a freedom, and an inquiring rigor that has assured its originality and enduring value.

Nepalese English (Nenglish): Diverse and expanded assortment of Standard English

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Nani Babu Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Written Form

Nepalese English is a new version of Standard English which is developed due to the effect of the Worlds Englishes. When the English language is expanded, the consequence has been seen in the use of English according to the socio-cultural context of the countries. The use of English either in spoken or written form is also seen differently from the Standard English in Nepal. To uncover this change in the use of English in Nepal, I studied two fictions (novels) written by two Nepalese literary figures in English based on qualitative analysis of the authors’ practice in the use of Nepalese English in writing fiction and found that there is the influence of Nepalese socio-cultural, socio-political, social norms and values in English literature. The finding also illustrated that Nepalese words (characters, location, kinship and taboos terms) are making their entries, complete sentences in Nepali are written, English suffixes are being attached to Nepalese words and vice versa, the word order of English is changed in Nepalese English (Nenglish), the literal translation of Nepalese proverbs are being introduced in English literature. The practice of writing English literature using Nepalese English is being extended to create its own features in English language which leads to develop Nepalese English as a separate variety in the field of language study.

CONGENITAL MICROGASTRIA, A CASE REPORT WITH A 26-YEAR FOLLOW-UP

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1041
Author(s):  
Eugene Blank ◽  
Alvin Chisolm
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
English Language ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Persistent Vomiting ◽  
First Case ◽  
English Language Journal ◽  
Roentgenographic Examination

A 27-year-old woman had congenital microgastria, which was apparent in roentgenographic examination when she was 1 year of age. Despite inability to eat anything but pureed foods for the first 13 years and despite persistent vomiting during that time, she has reached normal adult size and has three healthy children. This report represents two firsts: the first case of congenital microgastria in an English language journal of pediatrics and the first with a long follow-up.

Jewish Theology for a Postmodern Age

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Feldmann Kaye
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
World View ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Ultimate Truth ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
Single Objective

In the postmodern, relativist world-view with its refutation of a single, objective, and ultimate truth, it has become difficult if not impossible to argue in favour of one's own beliefs as preferable to those of others. This study is one of the first English-language books to address Jewish theology from a postmodern perspective, probing the question of how Jewish theology has the potential to survive the postmodern onslaught that some see as heralding the collapse of religion. Basing the book's arguments on both philosophical and theological scholarship, the author shows how postmodernism might actually be a resource for rejuvenating religion. The author's response to the conception of theology and postmodernism as competing systems of thought is based on a close critical study of Rav Shagar (Shimon Gershon Rosenberg) and Tamar Ross. Rather than advocating postmodern ideas, the book analyses their writings through the lens of the most radical of continental postmodern philosophers and cultural critics in order to offer a compelling theology compatible with that world-view. Whether the reader considers postmodernism to be inherently problematic or merely inconsequential, this book demonstrates why reconsidering these preconceptions is one of the most pressing issues in contemporary Jewish thought.

The true and fait view concept: the palette of controversial points (of “worth banning” to “worth keeping”)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Yana Ustinova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Changes Over Time

Dynamic changes and observed crisis phenomena in the economy, as well as high-profile accounting scandals of recent decades and subsequent revisions of accounting standards, necessitate a critical assessment of the conceptual framework for preparing financial statements that are adequate to the real state of affairs. At the same time, the accumulated practice of applying the true and fair view concept revealed some shortcomings. In this situation, the center of attraction of researchers' interest is the question of whether this concept meets the modern challenges of accounting, whether it is advisable to preserve and develop it. The aim of the article: an overview of the main research trends describing the significance of this concept for the current state of accounting, an assessment of the stages of their development. The analysis was carried out through research of scientific publications. The result was the identification of the main researching areas of the true and fair view concept, an analysis of their changes over time, an overview of the current increment of scientific knowledge, and the factors that led to such an increment for the last few years. In the course of the work, the areas of emerging scientific interest, as well as areas of maintaining scientific interest, were noted from the position of enriching theoretical and practical knowledge about the applicability of the concept. Special attention was drawn to the following issues: the relationship between overrides from accounting standards and the quality of financial statements, options for interpreting the concept by various groups of users of financial statements in settings of the legal and socio-cultural context differences, the role of auditors in assessing of the compliance with this concept. In conclusion were called the arguments of supporters to recognize this concept as worthy of banning, as well as the arguments of supporters to recognize this concept as worthy of keeping. Prospective directions of future scientific research in this direction were proposed.

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