Communicating the unknown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Müller ◽  
Sabine Bartsch ◽  
Jens O. Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
German Newspaper ◽  
Political Responses ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Media Discourses ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Abstract This paper presents an annotation approach to examine uncertainty in British and German newspaper articles on the coronavirus pandemic. We develop a tagset in an interdisciplinary team from corpus linguistics and sociology. After working out a gold standard on a pilot corpus, we apply the annotation to the entire corpus drawing on an “annotation-by-query” approach in CQPWeb, based on uncertainty constructions that have been extracted from the gold standard data. The annotated data are then evaluated and sociologically contextualised. On this basis, we study the development of uncertainty markers in the period under study and compare media discourses in Germany and the UK. Our findings reflect the different courses of the pandemic in Germany and the UK as well as the different political responses, media traditions and cultural concerns: While markers of fear are more important in British discourse, we see a steadily increasing level of disagreement in German discourse. Other forms of uncertainty such as ‘possibility’ or ‘probability’ are similarly frequent in both discourses.

scholarly journals Religion as Source Domain of Metaphors in World War II Media Discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-167
Author(s):  
O. A. Solopova ◽  
N. N. Koshkarova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Media Discourses

The article studies the English-language media discourses of the World War II period from a retrospective point of view. The aim is to identify the patterns of modeling the images of war and peace in British, American and Australian media discourses. The definition of military media discourse as an institutional form of communication is proposed, its essential characteristics are highlighted. The source of the material was the authoritative digitized archives of the UK, the USA and Australia. The material was extracted using corpus linguistics tools. The qualitative analysis was carried out within the framework of the cognitive-discourse methodology using the method of metaphorical modeling. The object of the research is the dominant metaphor used when representing the images of war and peace in the three discourses. The authors show common and specific features of the use of the religious metaphor, conditioned by cultural and extra-linguistic factors, and conclude that the religious metaphor places war and peace at different poles of the scale of values and actualizes the binary axiological opposition “good — evil”, “light — darkness”.

scholarly journals POS0059-PARE DELAY TO DIAGNOSIS IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS – TIME FOR A GOLD STANDARD APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 235.3-236
Author(s):  
D. Webb ◽  
K. Gaffney ◽  
R. Sengupta ◽  
S. S. Zhao ◽  
L. Swingler
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Standard Time ◽  
Time To Diagnosis ◽  
The Uk

Background:In the UK, the average time to diagnosis of axial SpA is 8.5 years (1). There is little evidence this has improved, despite the acceptance of MRI use in diagnosis (2). A recent review identified significant clinical, economic and humanistic burden from delayed diagnosis (3). Urgent action is needed to ensure delayed diagnosis is not normalized.Objectives:We created a proposal for a Gold Standard time to diagnosis for axial SpA and a national implementation plan (4) through consensus development with patients, healthcare professionals and professional bodies.Methods:A.A scoping literature review identifying where delays occur, from first symptom onset to diagnosis by a rheumatologist, and potential solutions. From this, a summary report / draft plan was produced for consultationB.A national consultation survey to elicit views on the proposals from clinicians, healthcare professionals, professional societies and patientsC.Structured feedback to written proposals via e-consultation with clinicians and patientsD.A consensus development workshop to finalise the Gold Standard and implementation plan.Results:The literature review identified four delays:1. People do not know axial SpA may be a cause of their chronic back pain2. Primary care practitioners may not recognise features of axial SpA3. People may be referred to non-rheumatologists who may not recognise axial SpA promptly4. Rheumatology and radiology teams may not optimally request or interpret investigations.202 participants responded to the summary report (74% patients, 21% healthcare professsionals, 5% professional societies). All supported the principles behind the gold standard time to diagnosis. Qualitive analysis confirmed agreement with the proposed solutions, underscoring the importance of education and visibility for axial SpA within primary care and increased public awareness. Additional proposals were suggested, including a tool in primary care to run audits on IT systems.40 clinicians contributed to the e-consultation and 55 clinicians, policy makers, social marketing experts, health journalists and patients attended the consensus workshop. Consensus was reached on a gold standard time to diagnosis of one year, and the principles, key components and phasing of the implemention plan. This included: public awareness about axial SpA symptoms; a primary care clinical champions programme; creating a referral pathway from primary care direct to rheumatology; a secondary care service educational programme.Conclusion:There is consensus from UK axial SpA clinicians, patients and professional societies on the need for a Gold Standard time to diagnosis of axial SpA of one year, so that patients can live happy, healthy and productive lives.References:[1]Hamilton L, Gilbert A, Skerett J, et al. Services for people with ankylosing spondylitis in the UK - a survey of rheumatologists and patients. Rheumatology 2011:50:1991[2]Sykes MP, Doll H, R Sengupta, Gaffney, K. Delay to diagnosis in axial spondyloarthritis: are we improving in the UK? Rheumatology, July 2015[3]Yi E, Ahuja A, Rajput T, et al. Clinical, Economic, and Humanistic Burden Associated With Delayed Diagnosis of Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review. Rheumatol Ther. 2020 Mar;7(1):65–87.[4]Webb D, Zhao S, Whalley S, et al. Gold Standard Time to Diagnosis in axial Spondyloarthritis: Consultation Document. 2020, NASS.Disclosure of Interests:Dale Webb Speakers bureau: Janssen, Novartis, Grant/research support from: NASS receives grants from AbbVie, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Novartis and UCB, Karl Gaffney Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Lilly, Novartis, UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, Celltrion, Lilly, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Pfizer, Lilly, UCB, Raj Sengupta Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Biogen, Celgene, Novartis, Roche, UCB, Consultant of: Advisory boards for Abbvie, Biogen, Novartis, UCB, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Celgene, Novartis, Sizheng Steven Zhao: None declared, Lisa Swingler Grant/research support from: NASS receives grants from AbbVie, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Novartis and UCB.

Lost in uncertainty: How the Euro crisis affected European identity constructions in national media discourses

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (6-8) ◽  
pp. 602-622
Author(s):  
Dennis Lichtenstein ◽  
Christiane Eilders
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Euro Crisis ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Identity Constructions ◽  
Weekly Newspapers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Media Discourses ◽  
The Eu

The Euro crisis has revealed severe conflicts between EU member states and challenged a shared European identity. This article investigates how the crisis was reflected in identity constructions in media discourses in EU key countries. European identity construction is conceptualized as framing of the EU in favour or against belonging to the EU and togetherness with other members. Conducting a systematic content analysis of two weekly newspapers and magazines in Germany, France and the UK, we compare identity constructions between 2011 and 2014. Findings show that while support of belonging to the EU is low in general, the countries differ remarkably in terms of their sense of togetherness. This particularly applies to strong or weak political integration, market regulation or market freedom and financial stability or impulses for economic growth. The positions reflect long-term political conflicts between the countries but are also flexible enough to adapt to the particular event context.

Prehospital thrombolysis for STEMI where PPCI delays are unavoidable

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
David Lashwood
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Hospital Funding ◽  
Prehospital Thrombolysis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Patients Experience

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the gold standard for treating patients experiencing ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). More than 30 000 patients experience cardiac arrest out of a hospital setting in the UK every year and may be some distance from a PPCI facility. Aims: To analyse and consider if a better outcome could be achieved for patients if PPCI was an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy, where delays of ≥60 minutes are inevitable or unavoidable. Methods: The current review examined a range of articles, research materials and databases. Results: Some studies suggested the use of prehospital thrombolysis while others compared the effectiveness of drug-eluting stents. While the ‘gold standard’ for the treatment of patients experiencing a myocardial infarction is still PPCI, several factors can delay patients from receiving this treatment at an appropriate facility within the recommended time frame. Conclusion: Patients may not be able to access PPCI within 60, 90 or 120 minutes for reasons including increasing urbanisation, population growth and NHS hospital funding cuts. If the PPCI unit is some distance away, ambulance crews could start thrombolysis treatment and transmit clinical findings to a specialist cardiologist in the PPCI facility, or stop at a local hospital that could provide thrombolysis.

scholarly journals The UK-US Game and UK's Return to Gold Standard

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Zheming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

<p>With the continuous development and evolution of the United States, especially the economic center shift after World War II, the United States become the economic hegemon instead of the UK and thus it seized the economic initiative of the world. After the World War I, the European countries gradually withdraw from the gold standard. In order to stabilize the world economy development and the international economic order, the United States prepared to build the economic system related with its own interests so as to force the UK to return to the gold standard. The game between the United States and the UK shows the significance of economic initiative. Among them, the outcome of the two countries in the fight of the financial system also demonstrates a significant change in the world economic system.</p>

scholarly journals The STORK dataset: Linked midwifery and delivery records of the mothers and index children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Mark Mummé ◽  
Andy Boyd ◽  
Jean Golding ◽  
John Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Record System ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Sample Spot ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study

This data note describes the linked antenatal and delivery records of the mothers and index children of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort study. These records were extracted from the computerised maternity record system ‘STORK’ used by the two largest NHS trusts in the study catchment area. The STORK database was designed to be populated by midwives and other health professionals during a woman’s pregnancy and shortly after the baby’s birth. These early computer records were initiated in the early 1990s, shortly before the start of enrolment to ALSPAC. At this time the use of electronic medical record systems such as ‘STORK’ was very new, the accuracy of the records has been questioned and little contemporary detailed documentation is available. Small sample spot checks on the accuracy of the information in ‘STORK’ suggests extensive missingness and differences against gold-standard fieldworker abstracted information in some variables; yet high levels of completeness and agreement with gold-standard data in others. Software code was created using STATA (StataCorp LLC) to transform the original CSV (comma-separated values) files into a cohesive and consistent format which was reviewed for data-completeness for its potential use in future research. The cleaned ‘STORK’ records provide health, social and maternity data from the very earliest period of the ALSPAC study in an easily accessible format, which is particularly useful when other sources of data are missing.

Adjusting for publication biases across similar interventions performed well when compared with gold standard data

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1230-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago G. Moreno ◽  
Alex J. Sutton ◽  
A.E. Ades ◽  
Nicola J. Cooper ◽  
Keith R. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Standard Data

Measuring Blood Pressure

Nursing OSCEs ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Devis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Pressure Cuff ◽  
The Uk

Blood pressure measurements are one part of a circulatory assessment (Docherty and McCallum 2009). Treatments for raised or low blood pressure may be initiated or altered according to blood pressure readings; therefore correct measurement and interpretation of blood pressure is an important nursing skill. Blood pressure should be determined using a standardized technique in order to avoid discrepancies in measurement (Torrance and Serginson 1996). Both manual and automated sphygmomanometers may be used to monitor blood pressure. The manual auscultatory method of taking blood pressure is considered the gold standard (MRHA 2006), as automated monitoring can give false readings (Coe and Houghton 2002), and automated devices produced by different manufacturers may not give consistent figures (MRHA 2006). So, although automated sphygmomanometers are in common use within health care settings in the UK, the skill of taking blood pressure measurement manually is still required by nurses. As a fundamental nursing skill, blood pressure measurement, using manual and automated sphygmomanometers, and interpretation of findings are often assessed via an OSCE. Within this chapter revision of key areas will allow you to prepare thoroughly for your OSCE, in terms of practical skill and understanding of the procedure of taking blood pressure. Blood pressure is defined as the force exerted by blood against the walls of the vessels in which it is contained (Docherty and McCallum 2009). A blood pressure measurement uses two figures—the systolic and diastolic readings. The systolic reading is always the higher figure and represents the maximum pressure of blood against the artery wall during ventricular contraction. The diastolic reading represents the minimum pressure of the blood against the wall of the artery between ventricular contractions (Doughetry and Lister 2008). You will need to be able to accurately identify systolic and diastolic measurements during your OSCE. When a blood pressure cuff is applied to the upper arm and inflated above the level of systolic blood pressure no sounds will be detected when listening to the brachial artery with a stethoscope. The cuff clamps off blood supply. As the cuff is deflated a noise, which is usually a tapping sound, will be heard as the pressure equals the systolic blood pressure —this is the first Korotkoff ’s sound.

scholarly journals Accurate, scalable and integrative haplotype estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Delaneau ◽  
Jean-François Zagury ◽  
Matthew R. Robinson ◽  
Jonathan L. Marchini ◽  
Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Haplotype Estimation ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Human Genomes ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe number of human genomes being genotyped or sequenced increases exponentially and efficient haplotype estimation methods able to handle this amount of data are now required. Here we present a method, SHAPEIT4, which substantially improves upon other methods to process large genotype and high coverage sequencing datasets. It notably exhibits sub-linear running times with sample size, provides highly accurate haplotypes and allows integrating external phasing information such as large reference panels of haplotypes, collections of pre-phased variants and long sequencing reads. We provide SHAPEIT4 in an open source format and demonstrate its performance in terms of accuracy and running times on two gold standard datasets: the UK Biobank data and the Genome In A Bottle.

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