Asymmetries and inequalities in the teaching of Arabic and Hebrew in the Israeli educational system

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iair G. Or ◽  
Elana Shohamy
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Formal Language ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Alternative Teaching ◽  
The Status

The aim of this comparative study is to detect symmetries and asymmetries in the status of two major languages taught in Israel: Hebrew in Arabic-medium schools and Arabic in Hebrew-medium schools. The teaching of these two languages offers a unique case of language education policy where categories of ideology, policy, curriculum, methods, and assessment intersect. For Arabs, Hebrew is perceived as a major tool for upward mobility, but findings show they are alienated by a curriculum embedded in the hegemonic culture and ideology, with which they can hardly identify. For Jews, Arabic is a language of low prestige, and their motivation is hindered by a curriculum which focuses mostly on formal language and security needs, and not on communicative, interactive skills. Concluding the paper, we propose an outline for the creation of alternative teaching environments that defy existing power structures and reinvent inclusive ecologies for the learning of both languages.

التخطيط اللغوي لنشر اللغة العربية في المدارس الابتدائية والثانوية الماليزية بعد الاستقلال: دراسة وصفية تحليلية (Language Planning for the Promotion of Arabic language in Primary and Secondary Schools in Malaysia since Independance: An Analytical Descript)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-230
Author(s):  
زاليكا آدم ◽  
حنفي دوله الحاج
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Educational System ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Status

لقد وزَّع الاستعمار الإنجليزي المدارس الماليزية الجديدة على أربعة أنظمة لغوية؛ إنجليزية، وملايوية، وصينية، وتاميلية. ومن ثم ألغيت اللغة العربية من المنظومة التربوية في ماليزيا المستعمَرة، وتوِّجت اللغة الإنجليزية بوصفها لغة العصر؛ ما أدى بالمواطنين إلى التنافس فيما بينهم رغبة منهم في مواكبة العصر. من هنا تكمن أهمية هذا البحث؛ إذ يرمي إلى استعراض وضعية اللغة العربية منذ استقلال ماليزيا إلى الآن، والتخطيط لها في المدارس الماليزية الابتدائية والثانوية وفق رؤية استراتيجية. وهي دراسة لم تحظ كثيرًا باهتمام الباحثين الملايويين في شأن الثقافة العربية. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: التخطيط اللغوي، اللغة العربية، التعليم، المدارس، ماليزيا. Abstract English colonial regime classified the new Malaysian schools into four systems: English, Malay, Chinese and Tamil. As a result, the Arabic language was eliminated from the educational system in colonized Malaysia, and the English language flourished as the language of the time, and this led the citizens to compete among themselves with the aim of keeping up with the time. This is the significance of this study as it aims to review the status of the Arabic language since Malaysia’s independence until now. This study also proposes strategies for the primary and secondary Malaysian schools. Studies on Arabic culture is not so popular among Malaysian researchers. Keywords: Language planning, Arabic Language, education, schools, Malaysia

Women in Power and Decision making Positions : Conditions and Restraints

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Azza Charara Baydoun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Slow Progress

Women today are considered to be outside the political and administrative power structures and their participation in the decision-making process is non-existent. As far as their participation in the political life is concerned they are still on the margins. The existence of patriarchal society in Lebanon as well as the absence of governmental policies and procedures that aim at helping women and enhancing their political participation has made it very difficult for women to be accepted as leaders and to be granted votes in elections (UNIFEM, 2002).This above quote is taken from a report that was prepared to assess the progress made regarding the status of Lebanese women both on the social and governmental levels in light of the Beijing Platform for Action – the name given to the provisions of the Fourth Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. The above quote describes the slow progress achieved by Lebanese women in view of the ambitious goal that requires that the proportion of women occupying administrative or political positions in Lebanon should reach 30 percent of thetotal by the year 2005!

Lot's Offer of his Daughters to his People in the Torah and the Qur'an: A Comparative Study in Two Parts (Part One)

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-224
Author(s):  
ʿĀʾiḍ B. Sad Al-Dawsarī
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The story of Lot is one of many shared by the Qur'an and the Torah, and Lot's offer of his two daughters to his people is presented in a similar way in the two books. This article compares the status of Lot in the Qur'an and Torah, and explores the moral dimensions of his character, and what scholars of the two religions make of this story. The significance of the episodes in which Lot offers his daughters to his people lies in the similarities and differences of the accounts given in the two books and the fact that, in both the past and the present, this story has presented moral problems and criticism has been leveled at Lot. Context is crucial in understanding this story, and exploration of the ways in which Lot and his people are presented is also useful in terms of comparative studies of the two scriptures. This article is divided into three sections: the first explores the depiction of Lot in the two texts, the second explores his moral limitations, and the third discusses the interpretations of various exegetes and scholars of the two books. Although there are similarities between the Qur'anic and Talmudic accounts of this episode, it is read differently by scholars from the two religions because of the different contexts of the respective accounts.

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