Dimensions of evaluation

In the past two decades or so, a number of researchers from various fields within linguistics have turned their attention to interpersonal phenomena, such as the linguistic expression of speaker opinion or evaluation (also called stance or appraisal), or the encoding of subjectivity in language and its diachronic development (subjectification/subjectivization). Many linguists have offered categorizations of evaluative meaning, based on authentic discourse data, but no connection has been made with cognitive approaches to appraisal processes. This paper offers a first meta-theoretical exploration of such issues. It compares dimensions of evaluation that have been identified in linguistic and cognitive studies, and also examines how psychological research into basic emotions can be related to linguistic research on affect. On the basis of these comparisons a proposal for a new classification of evaluative meanings is made. The focus of this paper is on only one aspect of the highly complex phenomenon of evaluation, namely potential evaluative dimensions, although other relevant issues will also be touched upon, including the pragmatics of evaluation (evaluation and context).

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A New Classification for Hemorrhoidal Disease: The Creation of the “BPRST” Staging and Its Application in Clinical Practice

Annals of Coloproctology ◽

10.3393/ac.2020.02.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 249-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos Walter Sobrado Júnior ◽

Carlos de Almeida Obregon ◽

Afonso Henrique da Silva e Sousa Júnior ◽

Lucas Faraco Sobrado ◽

Sérgio Carlos Nahas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Strong Association ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Hemorrhoidal Disease ◽

New Classification ◽

The Past ◽

Internal Hemorrhoids ◽

New Treatment ◽

Treatment Alternatives

Purpose: Present an updated classification for symptomatic hemorrhoids, which not only guides the treatment of internal hemorrhoids but also the treatment of external components. In addition, this new classification includes new treatment alternatives created over the last few years.Methods: Throughout the past 7 years, the authors developed a method to classify patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids. This study, besides presenting this classification proposal, also retrospectively analyzed 149 consecutive patients treated between March 2011 and November 2013 and aimed to evaluate the association between the management adopted with Goligher classification and our proposed BPRST classification.Results: Both classifications had a statistically significant association with the adopted management strategies. However, the BPRST classification tended to have fewer management discrepancies when each stage of disease was individually analyzed.Conclusion: Although there is much disagreement about how the classification of hemorrhoidal disease should be updated, it is accepted that some kind of revision is needed. The BPRST method showed a strong association with the management that should be adopted for each stage of the disease. Further studies are needed for its validation, but the current results are encouraging.

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Polysemy in Linguistic Terminological Systems Based on the Analysis of French Linguistic Terms

Journal of language and Education ◽

10.17323/2411-7390-2016-2-2-61-67 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

Denis Zolotukhin

Keyword(s):

Term Structure ◽

Semantic Structure ◽

Abstract Model ◽

Linguistic Terms ◽

New Classification ◽

Linguistic Research ◽

Different Types ◽

Negative Characteristic ◽

The Given

The article reports on the features of polysemy in French terminological systems of linguistics at inter-system and intra-system levels. The existing studies concerning terminological semantics allow pointing out two aspects of the term structure: a semantic structure representing a complex of meanings, and a structure of the terminological meaning representing a complex of semes. The first aspect supposes the analysis of terminological polysemy regarded as a negative characteristic of terms. According to the second aspect some particularities of denotative and significative levels and their correlation to scientific concepts can be analyzed. In the given study the component analysis of the definitions of French terms – such as ‘sémantème’, ‘mot’ and ‘signe’ – reveals different types of polysemy and terminological variation. The analysis of semantic structures of these terms shows that terminological deviations are caused by objective differences at significative and denotative levels of the meaning as well as by the subjective use of occasional contexts of terms in linguistic research. The suggested results allow constructing a new classification of meaning relations of linguistic terms. Each type of relations is correlated to different elements of the term structure. The hierarchy of these elements is embodied into an abstract model that can be applied for the analysis of any term of the modern linguistic terminology.

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Classification of Land Use Changes (Model Area: Nitra Town)

Ekológia (Bratislava) ◽

10.1515/eko-2015-0024 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 249-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivana Haladová ◽

František Petrovič

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

The Other ◽

New Classification ◽

The Past ◽

Industrial Parks ◽

The Town

Abstract This paper deals with the new classification of land use changes. We chose Nitra town in Slovakia as a model area. We examined changes of land use for the period 2003-2013. The main result of this work is a table for types of land use changes and a map that shows the location of these changes in Nitra town. Nitra is constantly expanding its area and it is also significantly changing within its borders. Agriculturally used surroundings of the town are being transformed into build-up areas and industrial parks. This transformation causes a loss of agricultural land and vegetation, in general. Agriculture in this region has been gradually declining and disappearing in the past years. On the other side, urbanisation, technicisation and industrialisation are highly supported

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Diary in modern Ukrainian literature: varieties of the genre

Linguistics and Culture Review ◽

10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1546 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (S4) ◽

pp. 22-32

Author(s):

Yanina I. Kulinska ◽

Olena I. Koval ◽

Olga A. Redkina ◽

Nina V. Gerasimenko

Keyword(s):

Discourse Analysis ◽

20Th Century ◽

New Classification ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

General Classification ◽

The Past ◽

Literary Process ◽

The Subject ◽

Historical Comparative

Diary literature was of interest to Ukrainian literary critics and literary critics from other countries in different years, but still most scientific studies occur in the mid-20th century. In Ukraine, the diary has been on the side-lines of the literary process for the past two decades. And only the turning points of historical events – the Revolution of Dignity and the Russian-Ukrainian war in eastern Ukraine – returned the genre to active public circulation: without exception, all the diaries of 2014-2020 were created during the crisis period, social upheavals. The relevance of the subject is explained by the need to use the latest practices to comprehend modern Ukrainian literature and, in particular, the diary genre as one of the components of modern military prose. The purpose of the study was to perform a thorough analysis of army diaries published during 2014-2020, study their genre nature, determine their distinctive features and create their general classification. Among the main methods for processing diary texts were historical-biographical, comparative historical, comparative, structural-narratological, interdisciplinary, as well as elements of hermeneutical, intertextual methods, text and discourse analysis, etc. The study presented a thorough analysis and suggested a new classification of the modern diary genre.

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Classification of Project Management Mathematical Models

Scientific Research and Development Russian Journal of Project Management ◽

10.12737/11343 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 13-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

�� ◽

Igor Tsarkov

Keyword(s):

Project Management ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Past Century ◽

New Classification ◽

The Past ◽

The One ◽

Budget Restriction

Mathematical models in Project Management became one of the key elements that in the 50th of the past century had formed a new branch of science � Project management. Since then there have been developed a large number of mathematical models adapted for solving partial problems. Unfortunately no universal practical models, which allow managing projects in conditions of resource or budget restriction, have been invented. Therefore the classification of different mathematical models is the pressing problem which could bring to order all these models from the one hand and reveal the most perspective directions of further research. In this paper existing classifications are analyzed and a new classification is proposed.

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ABOUT THE CREATION OF A NEW SEMANTIC TYPOLOGIES OF ENGLISH SPATIAL ADVERBS

НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И МЕТОДИКО-ДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ◽

10.36622/vstu.2021.89.58.002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 29-41

Author(s):

И.А. Жилина ◽

М.Е. Панкратова

Keyword(s):

Parametric Method ◽

New Classification ◽

Parts Of Speech ◽

Classification Approach ◽

Linguistic Research ◽

The Creation ◽

Semantic Types ◽

Linguistic Units ◽

Semantic Typology

Постановка задачи. В статье описан механизм создания новой типологии наречного слова на материале английских пространственных наречий. Рассматриваются существующие подходы к классификации английских наречий, анализируются особенности традиционных типологий. Исследование устанавливает тот факт, что классическое деление наречий на типы не учитывает феномен многозначности слова. В связи с этим предлагается новый способ классификации, учитывающий полисемантичность языковых единиц. Создание подобной типологии становится возможным благодаря применению сопоставительно-параметрического метода лингвистических исследований. Результаты. Установлено, что английские пространственные наречия, помимо собственно пространственных значений, развивают также временные, количественные и качественные семемы. Применение сопоставительно-параметрического метода и разрабатываемых в его рамках формализованных параметров, индексов и шкал позволило выявить степень представленности в семантемах наречий сем пространства, времени, количества и качества и на этом основании выделить восемнадцать семантических типов английского наречного слова. Выводы. Исследование показало возможность применения сопоставительно-параметрического метода для разработки такой семантической типологии наречий, которая учитывает многозначность языковых единиц. Доказанная на примере английских пространственных наречий эффективность применения данного метода для изучения семантики слов говорит о возможности изучения с его помощью других частей речи и разработки новых семантических классификаций. Statement of the problem. The article describes the mechanism for creating a new typology of English spatial adverbs. Existing approaches to the classification of English adverbs have been thoroughly examined, their peculiarities have been analyzed. The study proves the fact that the traditional classifications and typologies of adverbs do not take into account the phenomenon of the polysemy of words. In this paper a new classification approach is proposed. This approach takes into account the polysemantics of linguistic units. The creation of such a typology becomes possible through the use of the comparative-parametric method of linguistic research. Results. It is established that apart from spatial meanings English spatial adverbs also develop temporary, quantitative and qualitative semes. The use of the comparative-parametric method and some formalized parameters, indices and scales allowed to identify the degree of space, time, quantity and quality semes representation in the semanthemes of the adverbs under investigation and on this basis to distinguish eighteen semantic types of English adverbs. Conclusion. The study showed the possibility of using the comparative-parametric method to develop such a semantic typology of adverbs that takes into account the polysemy of linguistic units. The effectiveness of the application of this method for studying the semantics of words, suggests the possibility of studying not only adverbs, but also other parts of speech. Moreover, the comparative-parametric method can be used for creation of other new semantic classifications.

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Current views on taxonomy and zoogeography of the genus Sus

Pigs and Humans ◽

10.1093/oso/9780199207046.003.0009 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Colin Groves

Keyword(s):

Sister Group ◽

General View ◽

Not Given ◽

New Classification ◽

Taxonomic Rank ◽

The Past ◽

The Family ◽

General Schema ◽

The Revolution

There has never been any dispute that the family Suidae, being even-toed ungulates, belong to the Artiodactyla but their position within this order has undergone some revision over the past 10 years. The standard taxonomic arrangement is that of Simpson (1945). Though Simpson’s taxonomic philosophy was explicitly not based on phylogeny, his classification of the Artiodactyla has nonetheless been interpreted as reflecting the general outlines of artiodactyl evolution. This general schema is shown in Fig. 1.1, which is based largely on Thenius (1979), except that Thenius went against the general view by aligning the Tragulidae with the Cervidae. Since the 1970s, there has been a growing consensus that taxonomy should reflect phylogeny as far as possible, and in this context the revolution in the understanding of artiodactyl evolution that took place during the 1990s (summarized by Waddell et al. 1999) has left the taxonomy of the Artiodactyla in some disarray, particularly because it is now clear that the Cetacea (whales and dolphins) are nested deep within it, as a sister group to the hippos. The new phylogenetic understanding is shown in Fig. 1.2, and a new classification is proposed in Table 1.2. Some comments on this new classification follow: • Waddell et al. (1999), in combining the Cetacea with the Artiodactyla, call the combined order Cetartiodactyla. Helgen (2003), however, has argued that, since the Cetacea are actually nested within the artiodactyls, rather than being their sister-group, it is appropriate to continue to use the name Artiodactyla for the order. The pigs therefore continue to be artiodactyls, not cetartiodactyls. • The new names introduced by Waddell et al. (1999) are given no taxonomic rank, and I have given them ranks here. But under the Whippomorpha I have left the two subdivisions, Ancodonta and Cetacea, unranked rather than introduce parvorders and the like. • In Fig. 1.2 I have followed the phylogeny of Hassanin & Douzery (2003), but I have not given names and ranks to all their clades. Even given the turmoil into which the taxonomy of the Artiodactyla has been thrown, still no one disputes that the closest living relatives of the pigs are the peccaries (family Tayassuidae).

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On the classification and related terminology of periodontal diseases: a historiographical analysis

Oral and General Health ◽

10.22141/ogh.2.3.2021.245859 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 66-70

Author(s):

I.P. Mazur ◽

P.V. Mazur

Keyword(s):

Dental Care ◽

Evidence Based Medicine ◽

Clinical Guidelines ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Evidence Based ◽

New Classification ◽

The Past ◽

Based Medicine

The article presents a historiographical analysis of literature sources and medical and technological documents on the terminology and classifications of periodontal diseases used in Ukraine over the past 120 years. The urgency of the dental community’s discussion of the terminology and classification of periodontal diseases is due to the need to introduce clinical guidelines and unified protocols for the provision of dental care based on evidence-based medicine and the implementation of new classification and introduction of appropriate terms.

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