The Circumscribed Infinites Scheme (CIS)

Target ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Martín García

The purpose of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, it seeks to introduce and explain the CIS (Circumscribed Infinites Scheme), a deconstructive scheme for translating poetry; and, on the other, it aims at analyzing the scheme’s impact on the translation into English of a variety of poems by Jorge Luis Borges. Devised by the present author, who is also responsible for the translations analyzed, the CIS is a translational scheme whereby meaning is understood as an inexhaustible textual effect, and which, in its theoretical elucidation, seeks to raise the practicing translator’s awareness of the control he or she might have over the degree of infinite exegetic circumscription—and subsequent infinite exegetic recreation—during the translation process.

Babel ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Calzada Perez

Since ancient times the suasive value of rhetorical figures has been vastly studied. In fact, Aristotle himself argued that the aim of rhetoric was not just to persuade but to find the best methods of persuasion (Aristotle, Retorica, ed. 1990). These methods have been frequently used in advertising, where they are employed to capture the consumer’s attention and, consequently, to sell the advertised product. However (despite the frequent appearance of rhetorical figures in advertising), there is a scarcity of studies on the role of these persuasive mechanisms in the translation of publicity. Bearing upon the “new rhetoric”, the present paper has a twofold purpose. On the one hand, it aims to import a clear taxonomy of rhetorical figures from advertising into translation studies and subsequently to illustrate the transfer of these figures. On the other hand, it analyses the behaviour of rhetorical figures in the translation process by means of an empirical investigation whose goal it is to further categorise them in a systematic and rational way. Drawing upon the seminal work of McQuarrie and his collaborators, the paper performs a quantitative analysis of a corpus of 120 matching pairs consisting of English advertisements and their existing Spanish counterparts. Results evidence that a great majority of rhetorical figures are “translated”, thus confirming the globalising tendencies of advertising.


2020 ◽  
pp. 195-210
Author(s):  
Stewart King

This chapter reflects on the tension between national-focused and more worldly readings of crime fiction. It treats crime fiction as a form of world literature and examines new ways of conceiving relationships between crime writers, readers and texts that eschew the common categorization of a universal British-American tradition, on the one hand, and, on the other, localized national traditions. Following Jorge Luis Borges, the chapter argues that the transnationality of the crime genre does not reside exclusively within the text, but rather emerges through the interaction of the reader and the text. What emerges is a transnational and trans-historical reading practice that respects the local but also allows for innovative connections and new paradigms to be forged when texts are read beyond the national context.


Babel ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Laurence Wong

Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between syntax and translatability, particularly in respect of literary texts. By translatability is meant the degree of ease with which one language lends itself to translation into another language. Through practice in the translation between Chinese and some of the major European languages, such as English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Latin, and Greek, as well as between the European languages themselves, it can be found that translating between the European languages is much easier than translating between Chinese and any one of the European languages. Of all the factors that determine whether a language translates more readily or less readily into another language, syntactic differences constitute one of the most decisive. This is because the translator is, during the translation process, constantly dealing with syntax in two directions: the syntax of the source language on the one hand and the syntax of the target language on the other. As a result, problems arising from the syntactic differences between the two languages are bound to figure more prominently than those arising from the differences between individual lexical items and phrases or between cultures. In this paper, syntax will be studied and analysed with reference to Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin, and Greek texts. Finally, it will be shown that, mainly because of syntactic differences, there is a higher degree of translatability between any two of the above European languages (which are members of the Indo-European family) than between Chinese (which is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family) and any one of these European languages, and that the syntax of any one of these European languages can cope comfortably with Chinese syntax, but not the other way round. Résumé Cet article traite de la relation entre la syntaxe et la traduisibilité, en particulier, en ce qui concerne les textes littéraires. On entend par traduisibilité le degré de facilité avec laquelle une langue se prête à la traduction dans une autre. Par la pratique de la traduction entre le chinois et quelques-unes des principales langues européennes, comme l’anglais, le français, l’italien, l’allemand, l’espagnol, le latin et le grec, ainsi qu’entre les langues européennes mêmes, on s’aperçoit qu’il est beaucoup plus facile de traduire entre les langues européennes qu’entre le chinois et n’importe quelle langue européenne. Parmi tous les facteurs qui déterminent si une langue se traduit plus ou moins aisément dans une autre, les différences syntactiques comptent parmi les plus décisifs. Ceci est dû au fait que le traducteur, pendant le processus de traduction, est constamment confronté à une syntaxe dans deux directions : la syntaxe de la langue source, d’une part, et la syntaxe de la langue cible, d’autre part. En conséquence, les problèmes dus à des différences syntactiques entre les deux langues doivent nécessairement apparaître de manière plus évidente que ceux provenant de différences entre les syntagmes et éléments lexicaux individuels ou entre les cultures. Dans cet article, la syntaxe sera étudiée et analysée en référence à des textes en chinois, anglais, français, allemand, italien, espagnol, latin et grec. Enfin, il montrera qu’en raison des différences syntactiques surtout, la traduisibilité est plus grande entre deux langues européennes précitées quelles qu’elles soient (qui appartiennent à la famille indo-européenne) qu’entre le chinois (qui appartient à la famille sino-tibétaine) et une quelconque de ces langues européennes. Il montrera que la syntaxe de toute langue européenne peut sans difficulté venir à bout de n’importe quelle syntaxe chinoise, mais que l’inverse n’est pas vrai.


2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Andrada Fătu-Tutoveanu

"The difficult problem of accurately translating both form and message takes a complicated turn when we refer to the translation of literature under Cold War totalitarian regimes. On the one hand, translation was a field in which many Romanian writers or prestigious intellectuals took refuge when banished from other cultural or academic professions. On the other hand, the system involved all along the phenomenon of censorship and self-censorship, literary purges and the organisation of secret funds. These political interferences that marked the translation process are discussed in the memoirs which serve as the focus of this paper."


2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åse Johnsen

This article reports on a study with two main purposes: on the one hand to look into the revision process in translation from Norwegian into Spanish, especially the revision of the title of a text, and on the other hand to compare the translation behavior of three different groups of participants with regard to the translation and revision of the title. The study was carried out by analyzing Translog keystroke data from language students, translation students, and professional translators during the 2011–2012 academic year at the University of Bergen, Norway. The study results show a lack of cohesion between the title and the body of the text in some of the target texts, and indicate that the number of revisions and the variations in the solutions of the translation of the title increase according to the subjects’ experience and translation training. The study also indicates that an additional phase of the translation process may be identified in keystroke data from Translog.


At present the subject of “reflex walking” is one almost entirely neglected by physiologists, yet it is of fundamental importance in the physiology of the nervous system. For this reason it is desired to lay stress upon it by means of the present paper, which is to be regarded as a preliminary account of a phenomenon which will later be described in greater detail. The present author has already described certain movements of progression which occur in rabbits while subjected to the state of ether or chloroform narcosis. These movements are of interest in that they exactly resemble the peculiar form of locomotion in that animal—simultaneous movements of the hind limbs (“hopping”) and alternate movements of the fore limbs. An additional point of interest is that scratching movements may occur also in narcosis, and the phenomena of narcosis movements may slide, as it were, from the one type into the other.


1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
John Rendel de Jong

Job enlargement (including job enrichment) and ergonomics have developed almost independently until now and are mostly not applied jointly. Moreover, quite a number of cases are known in which aiming at job enlargement has not been successful. Reasons appear to have been fairly often: • a one-sided emphasis on intrinsic or extrinsic factors • the missing of a systematic method for work (re-)design • the absence of participation by the employees concerned and lower management in the process of job enlargement and its implementation. The present author feels that job enlargement should be integrated into work (re-)design and that the approach applied should be marked by: • the jointly taking into account of functional, economical, technological and human factors, including the systematic removing or prevention of discrepancies between the characteristics of the job and the work situation on the one hand and the needs, abilities etc. of the employees on the other; • participation in the various steps of such an approach by the concerned employees. One of the goals of a project concerning such a methodology (and that is supported by the Netherlands Social-Economic Council) is to develop training methods for those who play a part in work (re-)design in the indicated sense.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Chesterman

Toury (1995, 2012) distinguishes between cognitive translation acts on the one hand, and sociological translation events on the other; a translation act is embedded in a translation event, and both acts and events are seen as processes. He also explains three senses of ‘translation problem,’ which relate to different notions of the processes involved in the translation act. The present paper analyzes and develops these ideas. It distinguishes between what are here labeled virtual, reverse-engineered, and actual processes of translation acts or events, which correlate with Toury’s three senses of ‘translation problem.’ A few examples are given of models of each kind of process, both classical and more recent ones. Also discussed is the extent to which the various models are predictive and hence testable. To designate the translation process at the historical and cultural level, alongside the mental act and the situational event, the term ‘translation practice’ is suggested.


Organon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Vallerius De Oliveira

The rearrangement of concepts about frontiers has made possible the emergence of a different approachto Jorge Luis Borges’ regionalist production – this production has often been misunderstood and supposedlyconsidered inappropriate in relation to his other universal and remarkable masterpieces. However, the themefrontiers is set up within the limits of his pampa i revealing the need to search for identities that insist on denyingtheir own proper definition. It demands different representations: first, the frontier between the country and the city,in the shade of Sarmiento and Hernández – the former, desiring a civilized and urbane Argentinean identity, totallyagainst the country barbarian; the latter, speaking of the pampa and the gaúchoii as if in a free existence, opposite tothe urbanized world. After these descriptions of city and country, Borges proposes to talk about the “arrabal”region, which translates a certain meaning of frontier, delineated by “fights and guitars” between the pampa andBuenos Aires. Once this new frontier is established, he tries to write about the ambiguous human being who lives inthat region: the compadrito – a mix of the urban man and the gaucho. This compadrito belongs to a place whichcannot be completely delimitated; he is intended to be not only a representation of Argentina’s culturecharacteristics, once his identity is often migrating between the I and the Other, thus making possible the listening tothe voices of differences, therefore translating this frontier identity – the one that truly represents the very Latin-American self.


Author(s):  
Kathleen Jeffs

This chapter discusses the degree to which the texts in the RSC’s Spanish Golden Age season accomplished Boswell’s goal for these to be ‘accurate translations’ and ‘not adaptations’. Despite both theoretical and practical problems presented by using a ‘literal’ translation as part of the translation process of the comedia, it is a valuable step in translating plays of the Golden Age for English audiences. The wider purpose of this chapter is to develop a vocabulary and a vision of how the literal-to-performance-text transmission process might be improved. This allows for a more symbiotic relationship between the work of scholars, critics, and translators on the one hand, and that of theatre professionals on the other, in order to create a more robust comedia performance tradition and a model which will be useful for other foreign translations.


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