Broadening the genetic base of crops: an overview.

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Cooper ◽  
C. Spillane ◽  
T. Hodgkin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Base

Radiographic Prevalence of Osteochondrosis in Yearling Feral Horses

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Valentino ◽  
E. M. Gaughan ◽  
D. R. Biller ◽  
R. H. Raub ◽  
J. D. Lillich
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joints ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joints

The purpose of the study is to document the prevalence of articular surface osteochondrosis lesions in feral horses. Eighty yearling feral horses were used. Radiographic images of the left stifle, both tarsocrural, metatarsophalangeal, metacarpophalangeal joints were taken. Radiographs were examined for the presence of osteochondral fragmentation and abnormal outline of subchondral bone suggestive of osteochondrosis. The prevalence of each lesion was calculated for each joint as well as for overall prevalence within the group, the latter being 6.25%. Typical osteochondrosis lesions were found within the tarsocrural and metatarsophalangeal joints. Based on the difference in prevalence of osteochondrosis between feral and certain domestic horses, management practices and perhaps genetic base may have a greater influence on the development of the disease in horses than trauma alone.

scholarly journals Comparative TMT Proteomic Analysis Unveils Unique Insights into Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) Resistance in Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5941
Author(s):  
Abigail Ngugi-Dawit ◽  
Isaac Njaci ◽  
Thomas J.V. Higgins ◽  
Brett Williams ◽  
Sita R. Ghimire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera Hubner

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] is an economically important legume playing a crucial role in the semi-arid tropics. Pigeonpea is susceptible to Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), which causes devastating yield losses. This pest is developing resistance to many commercially available insecticides. Therefore, crop wild relatives of pigeonpea, are being considered as potential sources of genes to expand the genetic base of cultivated pigeonpea to improve traits such as host plant resistance to pests and pathogens. Quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted using the tandem mass tag platform to identify differentially abundant proteins between IBS 3471 and ICPL 87 tolerant accession and susceptible variety to H. armigera, respectively. Leaf proteome were analysed at the vegetative and flowering/podding growth stages. H. armigera tolerance in IBS 3471 appeared to be related to enhanced defence responses, such as changes in secondary metabolite precursors, antioxidants, and the phenylpropanoid pathway. The development of larvae fed on an artificial diet with IBS 3471 lyophilised leaves showed similar inhibition with those fed on an artificial diet with quercetin concentrations with 32 mg/25 g of artificial diet. DAB staining (3,3’-diaminobenzidine) revealed a rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species in IBS 3471. We conclude that IBS 3471 is an ideal candidate for improving the genetic base of cultivated pigeonpea, including traits for host plant resistance.

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Extra-Early Maturing Landraces for Improving Tolerance to Drought, Heat, and Both Combined Stresses in Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Nelimor ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Antonia Yarney Tetteh ◽  
Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira ◽  
Assanvo Simon-Pierre N’guetta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Landrace Accessions

Maize landrace accessions constitute an invaluable gene pool of unexplored alleles that can be harnessed to mitigate the challenges of the narrowing genetic base, declined genetic gains, and reduced resilience to abiotic stress in modern varieties developed from repeated recycling of few superior breeding lines. The objective of this study was to identify extra-early maize landraces that express tolerance to drought and/or heat stress and maintain high grain yield (GY) with other desirable agronomic/morpho-physiological traits. Field experiments were carried out over two years on 66 extra-early maturing maize landraces and six drought and/or heat-tolerant populations under drought stress (DS), heat stress (HS), combined both stresses (DSHS), and non-stress (NS) conditions as a control. Wide variations were observed across the accessions for measured traits under each stress, demonstrating the existence of substantial natural variation for tolerance to the abiotic stresses in the maize accessions. Performance under DS was predictive of yield potential under DSHS, but tolerance to HS was independent of tolerance to DS and DSHS. The accessions displayed greater tolerance to HS (23% yield loss) relative to DS (49% yield loss) and DSHS (yield loss = 58%). Accessions TZm-1162, TZm-1167, TZm-1472, and TZm-1508 showed particularly good adaptation to the three stresses. These landrace accessions should be further explored to identify the genes underlying their high tolerance and they could be exploited in maize breeding as a resource for broadening the genetic base and increasing the abiotic stress resilience of elite maize varieties.

Broadening the genetic base of sugar beet: introgression from wild relatives

Euphytica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Panella ◽  
R. T. Lewellen
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Genetic Base

36 Effect of Blending and Tuning Relationship Matrices in Single-step Genomic BLUP

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Taylor M McWhorter ◽  
Andre Garcia ◽  
Matias Bermann ◽  
Andres Legarra ◽  
Ignacio Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Step ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Software Suite ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Actual Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Genomic Predictions

Abstract Single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) relies on the combination of genomic (G) and pedigree relationships for all (A) and genotyped animals (A22). The procedure implemented in the BLUPF90 software suite first involves combining a small percentage of A22 into G (blending) to avoid singularity problems, then an adjustment to account for the fact the genetic base in G and A22 is different (tuning). However, blending before tuning may not reflect the actual difference between pedigree and genomic base because the blended matrix already contains a portion of A22. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of tuning before blending on predictivity, bias, and inflation of GEBV, indirect predictions (IP), and SNP effects from ssGBLUP using American Angus and US Holstein data. We used four different scenarios to obtain genomic predictions: BlendFirst_TunedG2, TuneFirst_TunedG2, BlendFirst_TunedG4, and TuneFirst_TunedG4. TunedG2 adjusts mean diagonals and off-diagonals of G to be similar to the ones in A22, whereas TunedG4 adjusts based on the fixation index. Over 6 million growth records were available for Angus and 5.9 million udder depth records for Holsteins. Genomic information was available on 51,478 Angus and 105,116 Holstein animals. Predictivity and reliability were obtained for 19,056 and 1,711 validation Angus and Holsteins, respectively. We observed the same predictivity and reliability for GEBV or IP in all four scenarios, ranging from 0.47 to 0.60 for Angus and was 0.67 for Holsteins. Slightly less bias was observed when tuning was done before blending. Correlation of SNP effects between scenarios was > 0.99. Refined tuning before blending had no impact on GEBV and marginally reduced the bias. This option will be implemented in the BLUPF90 software suite.

Integrative Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Analysis of Flavonoid Biosynthesis During Fruit Maturation In Chinese Raspberry “Rubus Chingii Hu”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobai Li ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Jingyong Jiang ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Aaron Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Flavonoid Composition ◽  
Rubus Chingii ◽  
Rubus Chingii Hu ◽  
Anthocyanin Production ◽  
Low Expression

Abstract Rubus chingii, is a red-fruited species of Rubus native to China, which is a popular and nutritious fruit in China. However, change in flavonoid composition and content during fruit maturation is poorly understood. This study examined flavonoids and the genes/proteins during four fruit ripening phases using LC-MS/MS. As a result, six major kinds of anthocyanins were first identified in R. chingii, which primarily consisted of flavanol-anthocyanins, are new to Rubus. Apart from anthocyanins, concentrations of fruit flavonoids were much higher than most berries including raspberries, and it is this that contributes to their high phenolic concentrations and antioxidant capabilities. In contrast to other known raspberries, R. chingii had a decline in flavonoids during fruit maturation, which was due to down-regulation of genes/proteins involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Surprisingly, anthocyanin continuously decreased during fruit coloration. This suggests that anthocyanins are not responsible for the fruit’s reddish coloration. The biosynthesis of these flavanol-anthocyanins consumed two flavonoid units both produced through the same upstream pathway. Their presence indicates a reduction in the potential biosynthesis of anthocyanin production. Also, the constantly low expression of RcANS gene down-regulated overall anthocyanin biosynthesis. The lack of RcF3’5’H gene/protein hindered the production of delphinidin glycosides. Flavonoids primarily comprising of quercetin/kaempferol-glycosides were predominately located at fruit epidermal-hair and placentae. The profile and biosynthesis of R. chingii flavonoids are unique to Rubus. It could be used to broaden the genetic base of raspberry cultivars and to improve their fruit quality.

Genetic base of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.: Fitness of plants for extreme conditions in northern margins of species range

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 819-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Kurbidaeva ◽  
M. V. Zaretskaya ◽  
A. D. Soltabaeva ◽  
M. G. Novokreshchenova ◽  
E. V. Kupriyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Genetic Base

scholarly journals SSR DNA marker aided genetic diversity assessment of selected willow clones

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. Singh ◽  
S. Joshi ◽  
P. Choudhary ◽  
J.P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Ssr Primers ◽  
Clustering Pattern

Around 100 clones of tree willows were subjected for nursery screening twice on morphometric traits. Genetic diversity was assessed in twenty-five genetically superior willow clones hailing from six countries using 16 SSR primers. Fourteen primers amplified the DNA but only ten showed polymorphism. Total 34 bands were scored, out of that 27 were found to be polymorphic and 7 were monomorphic. Three primers showed 100% polymorphism whereas 79.4% polymorphism was recorded in total. The dendrogram obtained from SSR markers revealed that clone SE-69-002 (S. matsudana) and NZ-1040 (S. matsudana X S. alba) as most similar clones (Jaccards coefficient of 0.97), and clone PN-721(S. matsudana X S. alba) and PN-731 (S. nigra), as most divergent clones (Jaccards coefficient of 0.63). All the genotypes were grouped into 4 distinct clusters. On the basis of similarity coefficient analysis the first cluster comprised of 11 genotypes, the second cluster have 8 genotypes where as third one has only one genotype and fourth cluster retained five genotypes. The clustering pattern further indicated that the geographic distribution may not be the reflection of genetic diversity in willow clones. Genotypes with high molecular diversity could be used in breeding programme in order to obtain heterotic hybrids and development of gene pools with broad genetic base. The genotype specific bands developed by the SSR primers could also be used for identification of cultivar.

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