Radiographic Prevalence of Osteochondrosis in Yearling Feral Horses

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Valentino ◽  
E. M. Gaughan ◽  
D. R. Biller ◽  
R. H. Raub ◽  
J. D. Lillich
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joints ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joints

The purpose of the study is to document the prevalence of articular surface osteochondrosis lesions in feral horses. Eighty yearling feral horses were used. Radiographic images of the left stifle, both tarsocrural, metatarsophalangeal, metacarpophalangeal joints were taken. Radiographs were examined for the presence of osteochondral fragmentation and abnormal outline of subchondral bone suggestive of osteochondrosis. The prevalence of each lesion was calculated for each joint as well as for overall prevalence within the group, the latter being 6.25%. Typical osteochondrosis lesions were found within the tarsocrural and metatarsophalangeal joints. Based on the difference in prevalence of osteochondrosis between feral and certain domestic horses, management practices and perhaps genetic base may have a greater influence on the development of the disease in horses than trauma alone.

scholarly journals Force Generation on the Hallux Is More Affected by the Ankle Joint Angle than the Lesser Toes: An In Vivo Human Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Junya Saeki ◽  
Soichiro Iwanuma ◽  
Suguru Torii
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Functional Difference ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joints

The structure of the first toe is independent of that of the other toes, while the functional difference remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the force generation characteristics between the plantar-flexion of the first and second–fifth metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPJs) by comparing the maximal voluntary plantar-flexion torques (MVC torque) at different MTPJs and ankle positions. The MVC torques of the first and second–fifth MTPJs were measured at 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° dorsiflexed positions of the MTPJs, and at 20° plantar-flexed, neutral, and 20° dorsiflexed positions of the ankle. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance with Holm’s multiple comparison test (MTPJ position × ankle position) were performed. When the MTPJ was dorsiflexed at 0°, 15°, and 30°, the MVC torque of the first MTPJ when the ankle was dorsiflexed at 20° was higher than that when the ankle was plantar-flexed at 20°. However, the ankle position had no significant effect on the MVC torque of the second–fifth MTPJ. Thus, the MVC torque of the first MTPJ was more affected by the ankle position than the second–fifth MTPJs.

scholarly journals SOST Deficiency Aggravates Osteoarthritis in Mice by Promoting Sclerosis of Subchondral Bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jingyu Li ◽  
Junjie Xue ◽  
Yan Jing ◽  
Manyi Wang ◽  
Rui Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Sost Gene ◽  
Bone Sclerosis ◽  
The Difference

As the initial part in the development of osteoarthritis (OA), subchondral bone sclerosis has been considered to be initiated by excess mechanical loading and proven to be correlated to other pathological changes. Sclerostin, which is an essential mechanical stress response protein, is encoded by the SOST gene. It is expressed in osteocytes and mature chondrocytes and has been proven to be closely correlated to OA. However, the relationship and mechanism between the SOST gene and the development of OA remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the SOST gene in OA pathogenesis in the subchondral bone. A knee anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mouse osteoarthritis (OA) model on SOST-knockout (SOST KO) and wild-type (WT) mice was established. The pathogenic and phenotypic changes in the subchondral bone were investigated by histology, micro-CT, immunohistochemistry, TRAP staining, Masson staining, and Toluidine blue staining. It was found that sclerostin expression decreased in both the calcified cartilage and mineralized subchondral structures during the development of OA. Joint instability induced a severe cartilage degradation phenotype, with higher OARSI scores in SOST KO mice, when compared to WT mice. SOST KO mice with OA exhibited a higher BMD and BV/TV ratio, as well as a higher rate of bone remodeling and TRAP-positive cell number, when compared to the WT counterparts, but the difference was not significant between the sham-operation groups. It was concluded that loss of sclerostin aggravates knee OA in mice by promoting subchondral bone sclerosis and increasing catabolic activity of cartilage.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversities and Historical Dynamics of Native Ethiopian Horse Populations (Equus caballus) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Kefena Effa ◽  
Sonia Rosenbom ◽  
Jianlin Han ◽  
Tadelle Dessie ◽  
Albano Beja-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Diversity Estimates

Matrilineal genetic diversity and relationship were investigated among eight morphologically identified native Ethiopian horse populations using polymorphisms in 46 mtDNA D-loop sequences (454 base pairs). The horse populations identified were Abyssinian, Bale, Borana, Horro, Kafa, Kundido feral horses, Ogaden and Selale. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences were characterized by 15 variable sites that defined five different haplotypes. All genetic diversity estimates, including Reynolds’ linearized genetic distance, genetic differentiation (FST) and nucleotide sequence divergence (DA), revealed a low genetic differentiation in native Ethiopian horse populations. However, Kundido feral and Borana domestic horses were slightly diverged from the rest of the Ethiopian horse populations. We also tried to shed some light on the matrilineal genetic root of native Ethiopian horses from a network constructed by combining newly generated haplotypes and reference haplotypes deposited in the GenBank for Eurasian type Turkish Anatolian horses that were used as a genetic conduit between Eurasian and African horse populations. Ninety-two haplotypes were generated from the combined Ethio-Eurasian mtDNA D-loop sequences. A network reconstructed from the combined haplotypes using Median-Joining algorithm showed that haplotypes generated from native Ethiopian horses formed separate clusters. The present result encourages further investigation of the genetic origin of native African horses by retrieving additional mtDNA sequences deposited in the GenBank for African and Eurasian type horses.

Carbon stocks in Tasmanian soils

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cotching
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
If Current ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
The Difference

Soil carbon (C) stocks were calculated for Tasmanian soil orders to 0.3 and 1.0 m depth from existing datasets. Tasmanian soils have C stocks of 49–117 Mg C/ha in the upper 0.3 m, with Ferrosols having the largest soil C stocks. Mean soil C stocks in agricultural soils were significantly lower under intensive cropping than under irrigated pasture. The range in soil C within soil orders indicates that it is critical to determine initial soil C stocks at individual sites and farms for C accounting and trading purposes, because the initial soil C content will determine if current or changed management practices are likely to result in soil C sequestration or emission. The distribution of C within the profile was significantly different between agricultural and forested land, with agricultural soils having two-thirds of their soil C in the upper 0.3 m, compared with half for forested soils. The difference in this proportion between agricultural and forested land was largest in Dermosols (0.72 v. 0.47). The total amount of soil C in a soil to 1.0 m depth may not change with a change in land use, but the distribution can and any change in soil C deeper in the profile might affect how soil C can be managed for sequestration. Tasmanian soil C stocks are significantly greater than those in mainland states of Australia, reflecting the lower mean annual temperature and higher precipitation in Tasmania, which result in less oxidation of soil organic matter.

scholarly journals A Comparison Between Two Types of Radiographic Film for Accuracy of Measurements of Approximal Osseous Defects

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Farah Masood ◽  
Christos Angelopoulos ◽  
Alan Glaros
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Radiographic Film ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Osseous Defects

Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to compare two types of conventional radiographic film: Ekta-speed plus and Insight (Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester NY, USA) for accuracy of measurements of approximal bone loss. Methods and Materials Four dried human mandibles with complete dentition were selected. Radiographic images were made with a standardized technique. Mesial and distal bone levels on the mandibular premolar and molar teeth were measured on the two types of radiographs (Ekta-speed plus and Insight) by nine observers. The data obtained by the observers were compared with the primary investigators’ corresponding measurements, which served as “the ground truth” for this study. Results The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated a significant difference for the Ektaspeed plus film (p = .001), but the difference was not clinically significant. The level of intra-rater reliability was high for the observers (0.969 to 0.990). Conclusion Performance of Ekta-speed plus and Insight films was found to be similar. Citation Masood F, Angelopoulos C, Glaros A. A Comparison Between Two Types of Radiographic Film for Accuracy of Measurements of Approximal Osseous Defects. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 July;(7)3:022-029.

scholarly journals Subchondral bone morphology in the metacarpus of racehorses in training changes with distance from the articular surface but not with age

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Martig ◽  
Peta L. Hitchens ◽  
Mark A. Stevenson ◽  
R. Chris Whitton
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Bone Morphology

The relationship of creative leadership with crisis management for the secondary stage in public schools in Jeddah from the teachers' point of view: علاقة القيادة الإبداعية بإدارة الأزمات للمرحلة الثانوية في المدارس الحكومية بمدينة جدة من وِجهة نَظر المعلِّمات

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
pp. 45-18
Author(s):  
Hanaa Ebrahim Semran Al-Juhani, Randa Hariri Hanaa Ebrahim Semran Al-Juhani, Randa Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Creative Leadership ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The study aimed to discover the relationship between practicing creative leadership and school management crisis among female educational leaders of publicsecondary schools in Jeddah from the latter’s’ perspectives. The study adopted adescriptive, correlational-relational research design and used a questionnaire to randomly collect data from a sample of (357) female teachers during the first semester of the 1441/1442AH academic year. Findings revealed that female school leaders practice creative leadership, and school crisis management at a high degree, whereby, accommodation and cooperation styles ranked first and second respectively, and avoidance style ranked last. Findings also showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.5 = α) between the means of the degree of creative leadership and crisis management practices referred to the difference in experience. Moreover, results showed a positive correlation between the degree of creative leadership and crises management practices. The study recommended holding events in the education and schools’ management that highlight the role of creative leadership and its impact on enhancing schools’ ability to manage and face crises, along with offering training courses aboutcrisis management, and encouraging relevant practices by teachers and staff members.

scholarly journals Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Shoulder Joint in Gymnasts: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 232596712096210
Author(s):  
Daisuke Momma ◽  
Wataru Iwamoto ◽  
Kaori Endo ◽  
Kazuki Sato ◽  
Norimasa Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Subchondral Bone Density ◽  
Collegiate Gymnasts

Background: The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density is an indicator of stress distribution over a joint surface under long-term physiologic loading. The biomechanical characteristics of the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint in gymnasts can be determined by measuring this distribution pattern. Purpose: To evaluate the distribution of subchondral bone density across the shoulder joint in male collegiate gymnasts and to determine the effects of gymnastic activities on its articular surfaces under long-term loading conditions using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM). Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: CT image data were obtained from both shoulders of 12 asymptomatic male collegiate gymnasts (gymnast group; mean age, 19.4 years; range, 18-22 years) and 10 male collegiate volunteers (control group; mean age, 20.2 years; range, 18-22 years). The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density across the articular surfaces of each shoulder joint was assessed by CTOAM. Quantitative analysis was performed of the locations and percentages of high-density areas on the articular surface. Results: Stress distribution patterns over the articular surfaces differed between the gymnasts and the controls. In the gymnasts, high-density areas were detected on the posterosuperior articular surface of the humeral head and the anterosuperior and/or posterosuperior articular surface of the glenoid. Mean bone density was greater in the gymnasts than in the controls ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Stress distribution over the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint was affected by gymnastic activities. Stress was concentrated over the superior part of the glenohumeral joint in male collegiate gymnasts. Clinical Relevance: The present findings suggest that gymnastic activities increase stress to the articular surfaces of the superior glenohumeral joint. This supports the notion that mechanical conditions play a crucial role in the origin of disorders particular to gymnastic activities.

SMEs ECT Reality

2009 ◽  
pp. 421-439
Author(s):  
Zakia A. Elsammani
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Change Agent ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Web Presence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Over Time

Lack of strategic planning in e-commerce and subsequently e-business adoption within smallto medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has been strongly reported in literature. This chapter presents SMEs’ Web presence implementation patterns and unravels the reasons behind the lack of strategic planning when adopting Electronic Commerce Technologies (ECT). The chapter presents findings from semi-structured interviews from 11 SMEs in the Northwest of the UK. Findings reflect the difference in development and management practices of Web presence, between the more able Need Pull SMEs that identified the need to adopt ECT, and the less able Technology Push SMEs that were mostly influenced by change agent diffusion and awareness efforts. Over time, each group of SMEs reflect a different pattern in ECT implementation. This chapter depicts the issues that hinder SMEs, particularly in micro and small, in moving beyond Web site adoption.

Reliability of the bulk milk somatic cell count as an indication of average herd somatic cell count

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lievaart ◽  
Herman W Barkema ◽  
Henk Hogeveen ◽  
Wim Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Sampling Variation ◽  
The Difference

Bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) is a frequently used parameter to estimate the subclinical mastitis prevalence in a dairy herd, but it often differs considerably from the average SCC of all individual cows in milk. In this study, first the sampling variation was determined on 53 dairy farms with a BMSCC ranging from 56 000 to 441 000 cells/ml by collecting five samples on each farm of the same bulk tank. The average absolute sampling variation ranged from 1800 to 19 800 cells/ml. To what extent BMSCC represents all lactating cows was evaluated in another 246 farms by comparing BMSCC to the average herd SCC corrected for milk yield (CHSCC), after the difference was corrected for the sampling variation of BMSCC. On average BMSCC was 49 000 cells/ml lower than CHSCC, ranging from −10 000 cells/ml to 182 000 cells/ml, while the difference increased with an increasing BMSCC. Subsequently, management practices associated with existing differences were identified. Farms with a small (<20%) difference between BMSCC and CHSCC administered intramuscular antibiotics for the treatment of clinical mastitis more often, used the high SCC history when cows were dried off more frequently and had a higher number of treatments per clinical mastitis case compared with farms with a large (⩾20%) difference. Farms feeding high-SCC milk or milk with antibiotic residues to calves were 2·4-times more likely to have a large difference. Although sampling variation influences the differences between BMSCC and CHSCC, the remaining difference is still important and should be considered when BMSCC is used to review the average herd SCC and the subclinical mastitis prevalence.

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