Strategies for making entomopathogenic nematodes cost-effective biocontrol agents.

2017 ◽  
pp. 596-619
Author(s):  
M. Nagesh ◽  
T. H. Askary ◽  
M Balachander ◽  
S. N. Arakalagud ◽  
R Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biocontrol Agents

scholarly journals Opportunities and challenges of entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents in their tripartite interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarique H. Askary ◽  
Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Tripartite Interactions ◽  
Biological Control Of Insects

Abstract Background The complex including entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis and their mutualistic partner, i.e., Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria, respectively possesses many attributes of ideal biological control agents against numerous insect pests as a third partner. Despite authenic opportunities for their practical use as biocontrol agents globally, they are challenged by major impediments especially their cost and reliability. Main body This review article presents major attributes of EPNs to familiarize growers and stakeholders with their careful application. As relatively high EPN costs and frequently low efficacy are still hindering them from reaching broader biopesticide markets, this is to review the latest findings on EPN strain/species enhancement, improvement of production, formulation and application technology, and achieving biological control of insects from the standpoint of facing these challenges. The conditions and practices that affected the use of EPNs for integrated pest management (IPM) are identified. Besides, efforts have been made to address such practices in various ways that grasp their effective approaches, identify research priority areas, and allow refined techniques. Additionally, sampling factors responsible for obtaining more EPN isolates with differential pathogenicity and better adaptation to control specific pest(s) are discussed. Conclusion Specific improvements of EPN production, formulation, and application technology are reviewed which may help in their broader use. Other diverse factors that optimize EPNs to constitute a cost-effective, value-added approach to IPM are also demonstrated.

scholarly journals First Screening of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Fungus as Biocontrol Agents against an Emerging Pest of Sugarcane, Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Javal ◽  
John S. Terblanche ◽  
Desmond E. Conlong ◽  
Antoinette P. Malan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Sugarcane Stalk ◽  
Reduce Sugar ◽  
Steinernema Yirgalemense

Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an emerging pest of sugarcane in South Africa. The larvae of this cerambycid beetle live within the sugarcane stalk and drill galleries that considerably reduce sugar production. To provide an alternative to chemical control, entomopathogenic nematodes and fungus were investigated as potential biological control agents to be used in an integrated pest management system. The nematodes Steinernema yirgalemense, S. jeffreyense, Heterorhabditis indica, and different concentrations of the fungus Metarhizium pinghaense were screened for efficacy (i.e., mortality rate) against larvae of C. newmannii. The different biocontrol agents used, revealed a low level of pathogenicity to C. newmannii larvae, when compared to control treatments.

Biological control of ticks

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S389-S403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SAMISH ◽  
H. GINSBERG ◽  
I. GLAZER
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Selection Of

Ticks have numerous natural enemies, but only a few species have been evaluated as tick biocontrol agents (BCAs). Some laboratory results suggest that several bacteria are pathogenic to ticks, but their mode of action and their potential value as biocontrol agents remain to be determined. The most promising entomopathogenic fungi appear to be Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, strains of which are already commercially available for the control of some pests. Development of effective formulations is critical for tick management. Entomopathogenic nematodes that are pathogenic to ticks can potentially control ticks, but improved formulations and selection of novel nematode strains are needed. Parasitoid wasps of the genus Ixodiphagus do not typically control ticks under natural conditions, but inundative releases show potential value. Most predators of ticks are generalists, with a limited potential for tick management (one possible exception is oxpeckers in Africa). Biological control is likely to play a substantial role in future IPM programmes for ticks because of the diversity of taxa that show high potential as tick BCAs. Considerable research is required to select appropriate strains, develop them as BCAs, establish their effectiveness, and devise production strategies to bring them to practical use.

scholarly journals Potential of entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents of immature stages of Aedes aegypti

Nematoda ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise de Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
Vicente Martins Gomes ◽  
Claudia Dolinski ◽  
Ricardo Moreira Souza
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Immature Stages

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi to control Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cixiidae)

BioControl ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhameed Moussa ◽  
Michael Maixner ◽  
Dietrich Stephan ◽  
Giacomo Santoiemma ◽  
Alessandro Passera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Bois Noir ◽  
Hyalesthes Obsoletus

AbstractHyalesthes obsoletus Signoret (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cixiidae) is a univoltine, polyphagous planthopper that completes its life cycle, including the subterranean nymph cryptic stage, on herbaceous weeds. In vineyards, it can transmit ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, an obligate parasitic bacterium associated with bois noir (BN) disease of grapevine, from its host plants to grapevine when occasionally feeding on the latter. The main disease management strategies are based on vector(s) control. Insecticide treatments on grapevine canopy are completely inefficient on H. obsoletus, due to its life cycle. Consequently, control of this planthopper focuses on the nymphs living on the roots of their host plants. Such practices, based on herbicide application and/or weed management, can reduce vector density in the vineyard but can impact the environment or may not be applicable, highlighting the necessity for alternative strategies. In this study, the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs; Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) and fungi (EPFs; Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea, Lecanicillium muscarium) against H. obsoletus nymphs (EPNs) and adults (EPNs and EPFs) was assessed under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The majority of examined EPNs and EPFs were able to kill H. obsoletus exhibiting a range of effectiveness. S. carpocapsae (among EPNs) and I. fumosorosea (among EPFs) were found to be the most effective biocontrol agents in all trials carried out. Advantages and limitations of such promising biocontrol agents were discussed. Ecological competency and conditions that can impede or enhance the EPNs and EPFs performance should be investigated to optimize their performance under field conditions.

scholarly journals Selective Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus by the Designer Genetically Programmed Yeast Biocontrol Agent

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Sofiya O. Pipiya ◽  
Yuliana A. Mokrushina ◽  
Alexander G. Gabibov ◽  
Ivan V. Smirnov ◽  
Stanislav S. Terekhov
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen that is particularly often associated with antibiotic resistance. The eradication of this ubiquitous infectious agent from its ecological niches and contaminated surfaces is especially complicated by excessive biofilm formation and persisting cells, which evade the antibacterial activity of conventional antibiotics. Here, we present an alternative view of the problem of specific S. aureus eradication. The constitutive heterologous production of highly specific bacteriolytic protease lysostaphin in yeast Pichia pastoris provides an efficient biocontrol agent, specifically killing S. aureus in coculture. A yeast-based anti-S. aureus probiotic was efficient in a high range of temperatures and target-to-effector ratios, indicating its robustness and versatility in eliminating S. aureus cells. The efficient eradication of S. aureus by live lysostaphin-producing P. pastoris was achieved at high scales, providing a simple, biocompatible and cost-effective strategy for S. aureus lysis in bioproduction and surface decontamination. Future biomedical applications based on designer yeast biocontrol agents require evaluation in in vivo models. However, we believe that this strategy is very promising since it provides highly safe, efficient and selective genetically programmed probiotics and targeted biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Optimizing Sampling and Extraction Methods for Plant-Parasitic and Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes (PPNs and EPNs) are key groups in crop production systems. This study aims at optimizing nematode sampling and extraction methods to benefit integrated pest management (IPM) through (a) management of PPNs and (b) use of EPNs. The impacts of these methods on PPNs and EPNs to achieve cost-effective and efficient IPM programs are presented. The common misuses of sampling and extraction methods are discussed. Professionals engaged in IPM should consider sampling the reliability level in the light of the intended goal, location, crop value, susceptibility, nematode species, and available funds. Logical sampling methodology should be expanded to integrate various factors that can recover extra EPN isolates with differential pathogenicity. It should seek for the best EPN-host matching. Merits of repeated baiting for EPN extraction from soil and sieving for PPN recovery from suspensions are presented. Their extraction values may be modelled to quantify the efficiency of nematode separation. The use of proper indices of dispersion to enhance the biocontrol potential of EPNs or save costs in nematicidal applications is ideally compatible with IPM programs. Selecting an extraction method may sometimes require further tests to find the best extraction method of the existing fauna and/or flora. Cons and pros of modern sampling and extraction techniques are highlighted.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents in New Zealand agriculture: a case study

2008 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
N.L. Bell ◽  
L.T. Aalders ◽  
T.C. Rohan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Wax Moth

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been used experimentally to control insects in pastures and in this study we investigated the use of EPNs against clover root weevil. We tested the ability of two EPNs (Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis zealandica) to control soil-dwelling stages of clover root weevil in a Waikato pasture Keywords: Sitona lepidus, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, larvae, pupae, Galleria, wax moth

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