Molecular breeding for increasing micronutrient content in sorghum.

2021 ◽  
pp. 476-497
Author(s):  
K. Hariprasanna ◽  
P. Rajendrakumar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Abstract This chapter summarizes the limited efforts that have been undertaken to enhance the micronutrient content in sorghum using molecular breeding approaches. Increasing the micronutrient content of sorghum grain is of paramount importance for alleviating malnutrition since it will help in overcoming the hidden hunger that is prevalent in millions of women and children in the sorghum-growing/consuming regions across the globe. It is known that biofortification involving crop breeding, genetic modification, and even agronomic augmentation of minerals, is a promising strategy that offers immense promise for addressing the challenges posed by micronutrient malnutrition.

scholarly journals Conventional and molecular breeding of field and vegetable crops, Novi Sad, Serbia, 2008

2009 ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
I.T. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Gamete Selection ◽  
Russian Research

On 24-27th of November, 2008 the international conference on conventional and molecular breeding of field and vegetable crops was held in Novi Sad, Serbia. Russian delegated group included Dr. Lapochkina I.F., a head of genetics and cytology department at All -Russian Research institute of Agriculture for Nonchernozem zone, Dr Balashova I.T, a head of a laboratory of gamete selection and molecular methods for plant breeding, Dr Kushnereva V.P., a head of a Cucurbitaceae crop breeding laboratory

scholarly journals Loss of Food Nutrients orchestrated by Cooking Pots: a common trend in developing world

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uloma Onyeka ◽  
Obinna Ibeawchi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Common Trend ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Macro Nutrients ◽  
Previous Idea

AbstractThere is abundant evidence that cooking reduces the level of nutrients in foods, but the reductions are exacerbated by among other factors the type of cooking pot used. We conducted a research to determine the influence of various cooking pots on macro and micronutrients of cooked foods. Seven pots and five types of food stuffs were used for the study. The cooking pots used included unpitted aluminum, pitted aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, enamel coated, clay (earthen) and iron-cast while the food stuff were chosen from the major classes of food as to include tubers (yam), cereals (rice), fleshy (beef), vegetables (tomato) and legumes (cowpea). Cooking pot forged from titanium offered best (up to 87.7%) protection (retention) of micronutrients while pitted aluminum pot offered the least retention irrespective of the food sample cooked. Significant portions of food micro nutrients namely vitamin C, vitamin A and selenium were mostly affected compared with the macro nutrients. In the course of our investigations we observed that titanium and enamel coated cooking pots required less quantity of water to get food done. The use of less water to cook transmitted to low (69.67%) moisture content of food cooked in such pots compared to values as high as 76.89% when other pots were used. Food cooked with less water may impact better taste to food since the food is expected to be more nutrient-dense; having considerable lower moisture content. Our research evidenced that cooking pot can have a strong impact on people's morbidity since some pots can aggravate hidden hunger, that is, micronutrient malnutrition. Hidden hunger is a subtle enemy that drains away health and vitality unnoticed until it is too late to reverse. It is crucial to state here that our findings may have turned on its head the previous idea of using pressure pot to cook food. Pots that offered low-pressure cooking (80°C/0.48 bar) was found to preserve the most heat liable (vitamin C and volatiles) nutrients probably because of the lower water boiling temperature and reduced level of oxygen. Our conclusion and recommendation, therefore, is the use of titanium and enamel surface coated cooking pots which offered better protection of food micronutrients among other cooking pots tested. This is a piece of information that is quite vital and beneficial to food consumers, manufacturers of cook wares, operators and key players in the food processing industry.

scholarly journals Programs Against Micronutrient Malnutrition: Ending Hidden Hunger

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
G F Maberly ◽  
F L Trowbridge ◽  
R Yip ◽  
K M Sullivan ◽  
C E West
Keyword(s):  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

scholarly journals Biofortification - Associated Costs and Finding Alternatives?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avik Ray
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
The People ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Nutritional Enhancement ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition

Biofortification refers to the increase in the amount of essential vitamins or provitamins or minerals in crops to improve the nutritional status of the people, which is largely intended to alleviate the problem of micronutrient malnutrition. I argue that biofortification may not be an effective weapon to fight against the hidden hunger since it demonstrates limited capacity on nutritional enhancement and can negatively impact the socio-economic fabric of the society in many different ways. Finally, I suggest a couple of alternatives that might meet the challenge more efficiently than biofortified crops.

scholarly journals Translational genomics and molecular breeding for enhancing precision and efficiency in crop improvement programs: Some examples in legumes

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Bohra ◽  
Chellapilla Bharadwaj ◽  
T. Radhakrishnan ◽  
Narendra P. Singh ◽  
Rajeev K. Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Improvement Programs

Legumes like chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut are protein rich, nutrient-dense, and nitrogen fixing crops. Their importance is increasingly recognized in view of the urgent need to address burgeoning malnutrition problem and to impart sustainability to cropping systems. Breeding programs in these crops have achieved great success. However, consistent improvement in genetic gains demands integration of innovative tools and technologies with crop breeding programs. Genomic resources are of paramount significance in context of improving the efficiency and precision of crop breeding schemes. The last decade has witnessed a remarkable success in generating unprecedented genomic resources in these crops, thus transforming these genomic orphans into genomic resource rich crops. These genomic resources include array-based genotyping platforms, high-resolution genetic linkage maps/HapMaps, comprehensive transcriptome assemblies and gene expression atlas, and whole genome sequences etc. Further progression from the training phase (development) to breeding (deployment) phase is marked with the current availability of a variety of molecular breeding products in these legume crops. In the present review, we discuss how deployment of the modern genomic resources such as next-generation gene discovery techniques and “gold standard experimental designs” is furthering our knowledge about the genetic underpinnings of trait variation. Also, key success stories demonstrating the power of molecular breeding in these legume crops are highlighted. It is opined that the breeding populations constantly improved by sequence-based breeding approach will greatly help improving breeding traits and the genetic gains accruable from crop breeding programs.

scholarly journals Biofortified Maize Improves Selenium Status of Women and Children in a Rural Community in Malawi: Results of the Addressing Hidden Hunger With Agronomy Randomized Controlled Trial

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. M. Joy ◽  
Alexander A. Kalimbira ◽  
Joanna Sturgess ◽  
Leonard Banda ◽  
Gabriella Chiutsi-Phiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Maize Flour ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Serum Selenium Concentration ◽  
Women And Children

Background: Selenium deficiency is widespread in the Malawi population. The selenium concentration in maize, the staple food crop of Malawi, can be increased by applying selenium-enriched fertilizers. It is unknown whether this strategy, called agronomic biofortification, is effective at alleviating selenium deficiency.Objectives: The aim of the Addressing Hidden Hunger with Agronomy (AHHA) trial was to determine whether consumption of maize flour, agronomically-biofortified with selenium, affected the serum selenium concentrations of women, and children in a rural community setting.Design: An individually-randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in rural Malawi. Participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive either intervention maize flour biofortified with selenium through application of selenium fertilizer, or control maize flour not biofortified with selenium. Participant households received enough flour to meet the typical consumption of all household members (330 g capita−1 day−1) for a period of 8 weeks. Baseline and endline serum selenium concentration (the primary outcome) was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results: One woman of reproductive age (WRA) and one school-aged child (SAC) from each of 180 households were recruited and households were randomized to each group. The baseline demographic and socioeconomic status of participants were well-balanced between arms. No serious adverse events were reported. In the intervention arm, mean (standard deviation) serum selenium concentration increased over the intervention period from 57.6 (17.0) μg L−1 (n = 88) to 107.9 (16.4) μg L−1 (n = 88) among WRA and from 46.4 (14.8) μg L−1 (n = 86) to 97.1 (16.0) μg L−1 (n = 88) among SAC. There was no evidence of change in serum selenium concentration in the control groups.Conclusion: Consumption of maize flour biofortified through application of selenium-enriched fertilizer increased selenium status in this community providing strong proof of principle that agronomic biofortification could be an effective approach to address selenium deficiency in Malawi and similar settings.Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN85899451, identifier: ISRCTN85899451.

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