National repository of EMS induced mutants of an upland rice cultivar Nagina 22: progress update on characterization and utilization.

2021 ◽  
pp. 290-302
Author(s):  
Amitha Mithra V. Sevanthi ◽  
Prashant Kale ◽  
Chandra Prakash ◽  
M. K. Ramkumar ◽  
Neera Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
High Quality Sequence ◽  
Tolerant Mutant ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Abstract The Indian initiative for creating mutant resources in rice has generated 87,000 mutants in the background of a popular drought- and heat-tolerant upland cultivar, Nagina 22 (N22), through EMS mutagenesis. So far, 541 macro-mutants from this resource have been identified, maintained in the mutant garden and characterized in detail based on 44 descriptors pertaining to distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) of rice and other agronomic parameters. The similarity index of the mutants was more than 0.6 for nearly 90% of the mutants with respect to DUS descriptors, further establishing the validity of the mutants. The available high-quality sequence resource of N22 has been improved by reducing the gaps by 0.02% in the coding sequence (CDS) region. This was made possible using the newly synthesized whole-genome data of N22 which helped to remove 9006 'Ns' and replace 12,746 existing nucleotides with the accurate ones. These sequence and morphological details have been updated in the mutant database 'EMSgardeN22'. Further, 1058 mutants have been identified for low-P tolerance, tolerance to sheath blight, blast, drought, heat, higher photosynthetic efficiency and agronomic and root traits from this resource. A novel herbicide-tolerant (imazethapyr) mutant earlier identified and characterized from this resource is now being used in introgressing the herbicide-tolerant trait in eight major rice varieties in India. Further, robust and simpler screening systems have been tested for studying low-P tolerance of the mutants. A grain-size mutant, heat-tolerant mutant, drought-tolerant mutant, stay-green mutant and low-P tolerant and water-use efficient high-root-volume mutants have been characterized at morphological and molecular levels. A brief account of all these mutants, the entire mutant resource and the elaborate trait-based screenings is presented in this chapter.

scholarly journals BRS A501 CL: herbicide-tolerant upland rice cultivar

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Hideo Nakano Rangel ◽  
Adriano Pereira Castro ◽  
Mabio Crisley Lacerda ◽  
Isabela Volpi Furtini ◽  
Daniel de Brito Fragoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Upland Rice Cultivar

Gene-specific marker screening and disease reaction validation of blast resistant genes, Pid3, Pigm and Pi54 in Thai landrace rice germplasm and recommended rice varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Wattanaporn Teerasan ◽  
Ing-on Srikaew ◽  
Kritkittisak Phaitreejit ◽  
Sureeporn Kate-Ngam ◽  
Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Resistant Genes

AbstractRice blast caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice production worldwide. Information on rice varieties with the blast disease resistance gene is important for rice cultivar development. This study identified rice blast resistant genes in 226 rice cultivars including 203 Thai landrace rice cultivars (19 upland rice cultivars from the North, 99 lowland rice cultivars from the Northeast, 45 floating rice cultivars from the Northeast and 40 cultivars from the South), 21 recommended rice varieties and two susceptible varieties ‘KDML105’ and ‘Nipponbare’ by using gene-specific markers for the blast resistant genes Pid3, Pi54 and Pigm. Results showed that 159 cultivars have at least one resistant gene and four cultivars have all three resistant genes. These results indicate that Thai landrace rice is a valuable source of rice blast resistant genes for rice breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Screening Tolerance to Phosphorus Deficiency and Validation of Phosphorus Uptake 1 (Pup1) Gene-Linked Markers in Thai Indigenous Upland Rice Germplasm

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sompong Chankaew ◽  
Tidarat Monkham ◽  
Wanwipa Pinta ◽  
Jirawat Sanitchon ◽  
Wanwipa Kaewpradit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Pcr Product

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major factor limiting rice yield throughout the world. Fortunately, some rice accessions are tolerant and can thrive well, even in soils with low P content. The ability to uptake P is heritable, and thus can be incorporated into rice cultivars through standard breeding methods. The objective of this study was to screen for tolerance to phosphorus deficiency and validate the tolerant accessions with phosphorus uptake 1 (Pup1) gene-linked markers in Thai indigenous upland rice germplasm. One hundred sixty-eight rice varieties were screened in a solution culture and assigned a phosphorus deficiency tolerance index and plant symptom score. Eleven upland rice accessions (ULR026, ULR031, ULR124, ULR145, ULR180, ULR183, ULR185, ULR186, ULR213, ULR260, and ULR305), together with the lowland rice cultivar (PLD), were classified as tolerant. They were each validated by nine markers linked to the Pup1 locus and observed for the expected polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product of 0 to 9 markers. The presence or absence of the tolerant allele at the Pup1 locus showed only a slight relationship with the tolerance. Moreover, some lines such as ULR183 and ULR213 expressed high tolerance without the Pup1-linked gene product. Both accessions are useful for the exploration of novel genes conferring tolerance to phosphorus deficiency.

scholarly journals Drought tolerance in selected aerobic and upland rice varieties is driven by different metabolic and antioxidative responses

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Melandri ◽  
Hamada AbdElgawad ◽  
Kristýna Floková ◽  
Diaan C. Jamar ◽  
Han Asard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Antioxidative Response ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Osmotic Acclimation

Abstract Main conclusions Sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation and a strong antioxidative response reduce drought-induced biomass loss at the vegetative stage in rice. Abstract A clear understanding of the physiological and biochemical adaptations to water limitation in upland and aerobic rice can help to identify the mechanisms underlying their tolerance to low water availability. In this study, three indica rice varieties-IR64 (lowland), Apo (aerobic), and UPL Ri-7 (upland)-, that are characterized by contrasting levels of drought tolerance, were exposed to drought at the vegetative stage. Drought-induced changes in biomass, leaf metabolites and oxidative stress markers/enzyme activities were analyzed in each variety at multiple time points. The two drought-tolerant varieties, Apo and UPL Ri-7 displayed a reduced water use in contrast to the susceptible variety IR64 that displayed high water consumption and consequent strong leaf dehydration upon drought treatment. A sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation in UPL Ri-7 and a strong antioxidative response in Apo were both effective in limiting the drought-induced biomass loss in these two varieties, while biomass loss was high in IR64, also after recovery. A qualitative comparison of these results with the ones of a similar experiment conducted in the field at the reproductive stage showed that only Apo, which also in this stage showed the highest antioxidant power, was able to maintain a stable grain yield under stress. Our results show that different metabolic and antioxidant adaptations confer drought tolerance to aerobic and upland rice varieties in the vegetative stage. The effectiveness of these adaptations differs between developmental stages. Unraveling the genetic control of these mechanisms might be exploited in breeding for new rice varieties adapted to water-limited environments.

scholarly journals Genotype selection and addition of fertilizer increases grain yield in upland rice in Suriname

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan NASCENTE ◽  
Ruby KROMOCARDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The upland rice farmers in Suriname use local varieties and low level technologies in the field. As a result, the upland rice grain yield is low, at about 1 000 kg ha-1. Our objective was to evaluate the use of upland rice cultivars from Suriname and Brazil, and the effect of nitrogen, N, phosphorus, P, and potassium, K, fertilizers on cultivation variables. We undertook four field trials in the Victoria Area, in the Brokopondo District, using a randomized block design each with four replications. The most productive rice varieties were BRS Esmeralda (grain yield 2 903 kg ha-1) and BRS Sertaneja (2 802 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2 620 kg ha-1 was achieved with a top dressing application of 76.41 kg N ha-1 20 days after sowing. For P, the highest grain yield of 3 085 kg ha-1 was achieved with application of 98.06 kg ha-1 P2O5 applied at sowing. An application rate of 31.45 kg ha-1 of K2O at sowing achieved the highest grain yield of 2 952 kg ha-1. Together, these application rates of N, P and K resulted in rice grain yield of about 3 000 kg ha-1, which is three times greater than the national average for upland rice. We demonstrate that the use of improved rice varieties matched to the local conditions, and application of appropriate fertilizers, are management practices that can result in significant increases in rice grain yield in Suriname.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE BREEDING OF RICE VARIETIES RESISTANT TO STRIPE DISEASE : II. Genetic Study on Resistance to Stripe Disease in Japanese Upland Rice

1968 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Washio ◽  
kunio Toriyama ◽  
Akinori Ezuka ◽  
Yoshiro Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Study ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties

scholarly journals Nitrogen and silicon fertilization of upland rice

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munir Mauad ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Hélio Grassi Filho ◽  
Juliano Corulli Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Silicon is not considered an essential element for plant development and growth, but its absorption brings several benefits to some crops, especially rice, by increasing cellular wall thickness, providing mechanical resistance to the penetration of fungi, improving the opening angle of leaves and making them more erect, decreasing self-shading and increasing resistance to lodging, especially under high nitrogen rates. To evaluate the effects of nitrogen and silicon fertilization on vegetative and yield components, plant height, and yield of rice cultivar IAC 202, an experiment was carried out combining three nitrogen rates (5, 75 and 150 mg N kg-1 soil) applied as urea, and four silicon rates (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg SiO2 kg-1 soil) applied as calcium silicate. Trial was set up in a completely randomized design 3 ´ 4 factorial scheme, (N = 5). Nitrogen fertilization increased the number of stems and panicles per square meter and the total number of spikelets, reflecting on grain productivity. Excessive tillering caused by inadequate nitrogen fertilization reduced the percentage of fertile stalks, spikelet fertility and grain mass. Silicon fertilization reduced the number of blank spikelets per panicles and increased grain mass, but did not affect grain productivity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Short Duration Drought Tolerant Rice Varieties in Drought Prone Areas of Subarnapur District of Odisha

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
S. Pradhan ◽  
F. H. Rahman ◽  
S. Sethy ◽  
G. Pradhan ◽  
J. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sowing Seed

A study was conducted in farmer’s field through technology demonstrations during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 in Subarnapur district of Odisha to recommend the most suited short duration drought tolerant upland rice variety particular to the locality. Six different varieties like Sahabhagi dhan, Mandakini, Jogesh, DRR-44, and DRR-42 & Khandagiri were taken with four replications in Randomized Block Design in both years. Technology demonstration included not only the improved short duration varieties, but also a package of good agronomic practices viz. line sowing, seed treatment with Bavistin, proper fertilization with dose @ 80:40:40 NPK/ha, pre emergence herbicide application with pretilachlor, needful manual weeding and  need based plant protection chemicals. The results of demonstration showed that farmers could increase rice productivity notably by adopting improved variety Sahabhagi dhan and DRR-44. These varieties recorded higher grain yields of 64% and 46%, respectively, and fetched a sum return of Rs 25620 and Rs 25275 over farmers’ local variety Khandagiri.

scholarly journals Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosep S. Mau ◽  
Antonius Ndiwa ◽  
Shirly Oematan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease

Abstract. Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Oematan SS. 2020. Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1625-1634. Brown spot is one of the most devastating diseases of rice, which could lead to total yield loss. The disease has a worldwide distribution, more specifically in areas where water supply is scarce, most specifically in the dry upland areas. Almost all stages of rice are affected by the disease, where leaves and grains are mostly affected. Considerable differences exist in susceptibility to brown spot among rice varieties, which may cause a large variation in yield loss caused by the disease. Therefore, the resistance level of rice varieties and their yield reduction has to be regularly evaluated and updated. There are only a few reports on the relationship between brown spot severity with yield and yield loss of upland rice, and is even lacking in pigmented upland rice. The objectives of the present study were to assess the brown spot severity and resistance level in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, and to elucidate their relationships with yield and yield reduction. Twenty four pigmented upland rice genotypes were evaluated in the field during May to October 2019, and their disease responses and yields were recorded. Disease severity was observed weekly and used to calculate Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for comparison among the genotypes. The relationships between disease severity and AUDPC with yield and yield loss were also examined. The results showed significant variation in brown spot severity and AUDPC, ranging from, respectively, 11.11% to 40.70% and 398.42%-days to 1081.30%-days. Yields and yield losses of test genotypes also varied substantially. Yields under diseased-free and diseased plots ranged from, respectively, 2.34 t ha-1 to 6.13 t ha-1 and 1.68 t ha-1 to 3.74 t ha-1 while yield loss was between 10.46% and 56.15%. Six genotypes were moderately resistant, four genotypes were moderately susceptible and 14 genotypes were susceptible to brown spot. Neither disease severity nor AUDPC had a linear relationship with yield but both exhibited positive and linear relationships with yield loss.

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