L'élevage en cage à faible niveau d'intrants: vers la sécurité alimentaire et L'amélioration du niveau de vie en zones rurales au Kenya.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison Charo-Karisa ◽  
Jonathan M Munguti ◽  
Herwig Waidbacher ◽  
David Liti ◽  
Werner Zollitsch
Keyword(s):  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Sécurité Alimentaire ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Abstract Recent experiences and successes, including the decline in capture fisheries and the overall increase in aquaculture production, have sparked the development of commercial cage culture in Africa. This case study focuses on tilapia cage culture in the waters of Lake Victoria in Kenya and in secondary dams in the Lake Victoria basin. It highlights the challenges and innovations that Kenyan fish farmers and fishermen have demonstrated to achieve success. In particular, the study takes into account the public's ever-growing interest in and questioning of the sustainability of this farming system in the lake, both ecologically and environmentally. This study presents how fish farmers and researchers have successfully reared caged fish with low cost feed, to produce quality seeds, and to use locally available materials for the construction and safety of cages. Cage farming can be profitable in the Lake Victoria basin if the obstacles that arise as the process develops are gradually overcome.

MECHANIZATION OF POTATO GRADING ON SMALL-SCALE FARMS: A CASE STUDY FROM PERU

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. BUTLER ◽  
T. BERNET ◽  
K. MANRIQUE
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Important Cash Crop

Potatoes are an important cash crop for small-scale producers worldwide. The move away from subsistence to commercialized farming, combined with the rapid growth in demand for processed agricultural products in developing countries, implies that small-scale farmers and researchers alike must begin to respond to these market changes and consider post-harvest treatment as a critical aspect of the potato farming system. This paper presents and assesses a low cost potato-grading machine that was designed explicitly to enable small-scale potato growers to sort tubers by size for supply to commercial processors. The results of ten experiments reveal that the machine achieves an accuracy of sort similar to commercially available graders. The machine, which uses parallel conical rollers, has the capacity to grade different tuber shapes and to adjust sorting classes, making it suitable for locations with high potato diversity. Its relatively low cost suggests that an improved and adapted version of this machine might enhance market integration of small-scale potato producers not only in Peru, but in other developing countries as well.

Low-input cage culture: towards food security and livelihood improvement in rural Kenya.

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Rural Kenya ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Area Of Concern

Abstract Recent experiences and successes including the dwindling capture fisheries and global increase in aquaculture production have spurred interest in the development of commercial cage culture in Africa. This case study centres on cage culture of tilapia in Kenyan waters of Lake Victoria and in satellite dams within Lake Victoria's catchment. It reports on unique challenges and the innovative ways in which Kenyan fish farmers and fishers have had to undertake to ensure success. Increased public concern and suspicion on the long-term environmental and ecological sustainability of cage-based farming systems in the lake has been a major area of concern. This study presents ways in which farmers and researchers have managed to rear caged fish with low input fish food and feed, provide quality fish seed, use locally available materials for making cages and ensure cage security. Cage culture can be beneficial in the Lake Victoria basin as emerging constraints are resolved.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus isolated from groundnuts in selected agro-ecological zones of Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Acur ◽  
Renée S. Arias ◽  
Steven Odongo ◽  
Samuel Tuhaise ◽  
Joseph Ssekandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract Background Aspergillus is the main fungal genus causing pre- and post-harvest contamination of groundnuts. Aspergillus flavus belongs to section Flavi, a group consisting of both the aflatoxigenic species (A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius) and non-aflatoxigenic species (A. oryzae, A. sojae and A. tamarii). Aflatoxins are food-borne toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, causing hepatic carcinoma and stunting in children and are the most toxic carcinogenic mycotoxins ever identified. Despite the well-known public health problems associated with aflatoxicosis in Uganda, information about the genetic diversity of the main aflatoxin causing fungus, Aspergillus flavus in this country is still limited. Results A cross-sectional survey was therefore carried out in three main groundnut-growing agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Uganda; West Nile farming system, Lake Kyoga basin mixed farming system and Lake Victoria basin farming system. This was to assess the genetic diversity of A. flavus and to establish the contamination rates of groundnuts with Aspergillus species at pre- and post-harvest stages. Out of the 213 A. flavus isolates identified in this study, 96 representative isolates were fingerprinted using 16 insertion/deletion microsatellite markers. Data from fingerprinting were analyzed through Neighbor Joining while polymorphism was determined using Arlequin v 3.5. The pre- and post-harvest contamination rates were; 2.5% and 50.0% (West Nile farming system), 55.0% and 35.0% (Lake Kyoga basin mixed farming system) and 32.5% and 32.5% (Lake Victoria basin farming system) respectively. The Chi-square test showed no significant differences between pre- and post-harvest contamination rates among AEZs (p = 0.199). Only 67 out of 96 isolates produced suitable allele scores for genotypic analysis. Analysis of genetic diversity showed higher variation within populations than among populations. Two major clusters (aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic isolates) were identified as colonizing groundnuts at pre- and post-harvest stages. Conclusions These findings provide a first insight on the existence of non-aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus in Uganda. These strains are potential candidates for developing local Aspergillus bio-control agent.

Soil erosion rates in tropical villages: A case study from Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda

CATENA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. De Meyer ◽  
J. Poesen ◽  
M. Isabirye ◽  
J. Deckers ◽  
D. Raes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rates

Low Temperature Fault Isolation Using Soft Defect Localization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher D. Staller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Defect Localization ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Cold temperature failures are often difficult to resolve, especially those at extreme low levels (< -40°C). Momentary application of chill spray can confirm the failure mode, but is impractical during photoemission microscopy (PEM), laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and multiple point microprobing. This paper will examine relatively low-cost cold temperature systems that can hold samples at steady state extreme low temperatures and describe a case study where a cold temperature stage was combined with LSM soft defect localization (SDL) to rapidly identify the cause of a complex cold temperature failure mechanism.

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