scholarly journals The water intake of ewes

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Total Water Intake

1. Two experiments were carried out with non-pregnant ewes in which individual drymatter intake (DMI) and total water intake (TWI) were measured. TWI was closely correlated with DMI; TWI/unit DMI was higher for silage than for cubed dried grass and with both foods water intakes were higher than with long hay.2. Twelve ewes were fed on silage and twelve on hay from the 9th to the 19th week of pregnancy. TWI/unit DMI of each feed doubled during this period. Another twenty-four ewes were fed on silage from the 14th to the 20th week of pregnancy. TWI/unit DMI was positively related to litter size.3. Fifteen ewes were fed on hay from the 4th week of pregnancy until the 7th week of lactation. Milk yield was estimated weekly. Six non-pregnant ewes were controls. TWI/unit DMI for the seven twin-bearing and the nine single-bearing ewes in the last 4 and 3 weeks of pregnancy respectively was significantly higher than that of the six non-pregnant ewes. In the control group TWI/unit DMI was closely related to environmental temperature. In the first 4 weeks of lactation TWI/unit DMI was greater than the sum of TWI/unit DMI of the non-pregnant ewes plus the water in the milk.4. The results supplement those used by the Agricultural Research Council (1965) to assess the water requirements of sheep.

scholarly journals Hydration status, body composition, and anxiety status in aeronautical military personnel from Spain: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Carretero-Krug ◽  
Natalia Úbeda ◽  
Carlos Velasco ◽  
Juan Medina-Font ◽  
Trinidad Trujillo Laguna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Total Water Intake

Abstract Background An adequate hydration status is critical to ensure efficiency during mental and physical activities. Our goal was to assess the hydration status of a Spanish group of aeronautical military men and to determine the association of hydration status with body composition and anxiety. Methods A total of 188 men were evaluated through a validated hydration questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and an anxiety questionnaire. Based on these methods, the criteria of hydration were established. Results Of the total sample, 81% met the hydration criteria (urine color = well hydrated, water balance ≥ 0 ml, and total water intake/weight ≥ 35 ml/kg), and 19% did not meet the hydration criteria (urine color = not sufficiently hydrated or dehydrated, water balance < 0 ml, and total water intake/weight < 35 ml/kg). Subjects not meeting the hydration criteria had lower urine pH, negative water balance, and lower water intake. The latter also had higher anxiety status (score = 4 vs. 3, P = 0.026), weight [(84.7 ± 10.5) vs. (80.5 ± 10.2) kg], body mass index [(26.3 ± 3.1) vs. (25.2 ± 2.8)]kg/m2, body fat [(22.3 ± 5.6) vs. (18.3 ± 6.5)] %, urine specific gravity, and urine color. Using a logistic binary regression model, hydration status was related significantly with the percentage of body fat (P = 0.004), but no relation was found with age, comorbidities, or medications. Furthermore, total water intake/weight was positively correlated with percentage of body water (r = 0.357, P = 0.000) and negatively with body fat (kg) (r = − 0.427, P = 0.000), percentage of body fat (r = − 0.405, P = 0.000), and waist/hip ratio (r = − 0.223, P = 0.002). Based on a linear regression model, total water intake/weight was related significantly with percentage of body fat (P = 0.001) and percentage of body water content (P = 0.035). No relation was found, however, with waist/hip ratio, age, comorbidities, or medications. Conclusions These findings all suggest a relationship between hydration status and body composition but also set the bases for future studies that relate hydration status and anxiety status. These results can be used to improve the hydration status and body composition of military personnel.

scholarly journals The role of obesity in the relation between total water intake and urine osmolality in US adults, 2009–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1554-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Y Rosinger ◽  
Hannah G Lawman ◽  
Lara J Akinbami ◽  
Cynthia L Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Intake

XIV.—Rowett Research Institute

1951 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-276
Author(s):  
D. P. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
The North ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
The University

The Rowett Institute for research on animal nutrition had its origin under a scheme for promoting scientific research in agriculture adopted by the Development Commission in 1911.The Governing Body, which originally consisted of an equal number of members appointed by the Court of the University of Aberdeen and the Governors of the North of Scotland College of Agriculture, was constituted in 1913. Within recent years it has been expanded to include persons nominated by the Secretary of State for Scotland, the Royal Society, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Agricultural Research Council, and the Medical Research Council. Research work was begun in temporary accommodation in Marischal College in 1914, under the direction of Dr John Boyd Orr—now Lord Boyd-Orr—who continued as Director until his retirement in 1945.

scholarly journals Performance of sheep fed forage cactus with total water restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Violeta CORDOVA-TORRES ◽  
Roberto Germano COSTA ◽  
Ariosvaldo Nunes de MEDEIROS ◽  
José Teodorico ARAÚJO FILHO ◽  
Alenice Ozino RAMOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Dunnett's Test ◽  
Nopalea Cochenillifera

SUMMARY A lack of water in livestock production can limit the performance of the animals; therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water restriction on the growth performance of sheep that were fed forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera). Forty-two male sheep were used, with an average age and weight of ±100 days and 18.75 ± (2,05) kg , respectively, and they were fed diets containing concentrate, mineral mixture and three levels of substitution (30, 50 and 70%) of Tifton hay with forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera). The animals were slaughtered when they reached 32 kg (± 1 kg) of body weight or 90 days. The experimental design was a 3x2 factorial arrangement, forage cactus (30, 50, 70%) x water (with or without water) plus a control group (n=6). Variables were analyzed using Tukey and Dunnett's test at 5% with PROC GLM in SAS software. Voluntary water intake and dry matter intake (DMI) decreased with the inclusion of forage cactus; however, preformed water intake and total water intake increased with the inclusion of forage cactus. Water restriction and its interaction with the treatments had no effect on animal performance. Daily weight gain was higher for the diets with 30 and 50%forage cactus inclusion, at 174 and 155 g, respectively, compared with 90 g for the control diet. Cactus, therefore, can be used as a food supplement and water resource.

Total water intake and its contributors in infants and young children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Chouraqui ◽  
Simon N. Thornton ◽  
Louise Seconda ◽  
Stavros A. Kavouras
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Infants And Young Children ◽  
Total Water Intake

Abstract Hydration is a particular concern for infants and young children due to their greater risk of dehydration. However, studies on their water intakes are scarce. The current survey aimed to analyze total water intake (TWI) in non-breastfed children aged 0.5-35 months compared to the adequate intake (AI) for the same age group set by the EFSA and to examine the different contributors to TWI as well as beverage consumption patterns. Nationally representative data from the Nutri-Bébé cross-sectional survey were used to assess food, beverage, and plain water consumption by age group over three non-consecutive days. With age, median TWI in 1,035 children increased from 732 to 1010 mL/d, without differences between sex, but with a great inter-individual variation, and the percentage of children who did not meet the AI increased from 10% to 88%. Median weight-related TWI decreased from 136.6 to 69.0 mL/kg/d. Among infants, 90% had a ratio of water/energy below the AI, similarly for about 75% of toddlers. Milk and milk products were the main contributors to TWI, while the part of plain water increased gradually to be 25% in the older toddlers, half of which was tap water. The beverage consumption pattern varied in types and timing, with little consumption of juices and sweetened beverages. Vegetables and fruits accounted for 20% of TWI after the age of 6 months. These initial results, showing strong discrepancies between actual and recommended water intakes in young children, should help identify ways to increase children’s water consumption.

Changes in phosphorus metabolism of sheep in response to the increased demands for P associated with an intravenous infusion of calcium

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Close Association ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
P Absorption ◽  
P Retention

SummaryThe effect on phosphorus and calcium metabolism of a high rate of Ca infused directly into the blood of 10-month-old sheep, already receiving an adequate Ca and P intake, has been studied by a combination of balance and radioisotope techniques. Ca retention was significantly increased during the infusion and most of the extra Ca was retained in bone. Urinary Ca excretion also showed a small but significant increase and the efficiency of Ca absorption a small but significant decrease. Because of the close association of Ca and P in bone, the increased skeletal retention of Ca resulted in an increased skeletal P retention and hence an increased demand for P. This increased P demand was met partly by a decrease in the rate of endogenous faecal loss of P and partly by an increase in the rate and efficiency of P absorption. Because the increase in P demand was relatively small, it was not possible to decide whether the endogenous faecal loss of P can be reduced in response to increased demands to the level found at zero P intake as suggested by the Agricultural Research Council (1980) or whether higher losses at normal P intakes are inevitable.

scholarly journals A cross-over study comparing an online versus a paper 7-day food record: focus on total water intake data and participant’s perception of the records

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (S2) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Monnerie ◽  
L. G. Tavoularis ◽  
I. Guelinckx ◽  
P. Hebel ◽  
T. Boisvieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Total Water Intake
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