scholarly journals Effects of soya-bean protein and casein on serum cholesterol levels in rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nagata ◽  
K. Imaizumi ◽  
M. Sugano
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Definite Pattern ◽  
Neutral Sterols ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bean Protein

1. The effect of the soya-bean protein isolate and casein, both given 200 g/kg diet for 3–4 weeks, on serum cholesterol was compared in male rats.2. Soya-bean protein exerted a hypocholesteraemic effect only in a cholesterol-free low-fat (10 g maize oil/kg) diet, when the lowering action appeared independent of the strain of the rat or the feeding pattern. The results obtained with diets containing cholesterol or higher levels of fats or both showed no definite pattern of response.3. Although the decrease in serum cholesterol appeared greater in α-lipoprotiens than in β-lipoproteins, the proportion of the former to total cholesterol remained almost unchanged. The concentration of serum apo A-I was significantly lower in rats given the vegetable protein.4. Rats given soya-bean protein excreted significantly more neutral sterols.5. The serum amino acid pattern did not reflect the difference in dietary protein. Addition of cholesterol to the diets modified the serum aminogarm, the decrease in threonine being most marked in both protein groups.6. This study shows that the hypocholesteraemic action of soya-bean protein is easily modified by the type of diet.

scholarly journals Effects of arginine and lysine addition to casein and soya-bean protein on serum lipids, apolipoproteins, insulin and glucagon in rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sugano ◽  
N. Ishiwaki ◽  
Y. Nagata ◽  
K. Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Arginine Supplementation ◽  
Bean Protein

1. The effect of variation in arginine: lysine on the relative cholesterolaemic effects of dietary soya-bean protein and casein was studied. Male rats received semi-purified diets containing soya-bean protein isolate or casein supplemented respectively with varingamounts of lysine or arginine for 40 d and blood samples were taken after a 5 h fast.2. Neither the addition of arginine to casein nor lysine to soya-bean protein modifiedthe intrinsic effect of these proteins on serum cholesterol.3. Serum triglyceride levels tended to rise with increasing amounts of lysine supplementation. The opposite trend was obtained with arginine supplementation.4. Casein caused an increase in the concentration of serum insulin, but not glucagon. The glucagon level was increased proportionately with increasing amounts of arginine, while the addition of lysine showed no effect. The effects of added amino acids on serum insulin were inconclusive.5. There was a parallel increase in serum apo E and glucagon in response to arginine supplementation, while lysine supplementation increased serum apo E.6. Thus, arginine:lysine was more effective in regulating serum triglyceride than serum cholesterol. Insulin was associated with different effects of these proteins on serum lipids.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary protein source and saponins on serum lipids and the excretion of bile acids and neutral sterols in rabbits

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Pathirana ◽  
M. J. Gibney ◽  
T. G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Neutral Sterols ◽  
Dietary Protein Source ◽  
Bean Protein

1. Four groups of six rabbits were given purified diets in which the dietary variables were protein source (isolated soya-bean protein or cow's-milk protein) with or without saponin supplementation (10 g/kg).2. Rabbits given soya-based diets showed significantly lower serum concentrations of triglyceride and cholesterol (P < 0·01). The latter changes were confined to the cholesterol fractions of β-lipoproteins.3. These changes in serum cholesterol were associated with a significantly increased excretion of acid and neutral sterols in animals given soya-bean protein.4. There was no evidence to suggest that the effect of dietary protein source on serum lipids and the excretion of total and individual sterols was influenced by saponin supplementation.5. These results do not support the hypothesis that the hypocholesterolaemia associated with plant proteins is due to the presence of saponins.

scholarly journals The retention of 59Fe and 65Zn by preruminant lambs given milk-substitutes based on either casein or soya-bean-protein isolate

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-593
Author(s):  
R. Hill ◽  
D. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Bean Protein

1. Eight newborn lambs were given milk-substitutes based on casein (n 4) or a soya-bean-protein isolate (n 4). On the morning before a 10 d collection period, the milk-substitutes were supplemented with 59Fe as ferric chloride and 5Zn as zinc chloride. Faeces and urine were collected daily and determinations of 59Fe and 65Zn were made on these separately. During a second 10 d period the dosing procedure and collection were repeated but the diet of each lamb was reversed.2. Mean retention of 59Fe in lambs given the casein diet was 0.50 (SE 0.12) and in those given the soya-bean-protein diet 0.06 (SE 0.05). There were large variations among animals but the treatment effect was significant at P < 0.05. Retention of 65Zn was significantly greater than that of 59Fe for all lambs but the effect of dietary treatment was similar to that for Fe. 65Zn retention values for casein and soya-bean-protein diets were 0.84 (E 0.06) and 0.52 (SE 0.03) respectively, and the difference was significant at P < 0.01.3. There were only very small amounts of 59Fe and 65Zn in urine, representing 0.002–0.003 of the dose.

scholarly journals Digestibility of casein, formaldehyde-treated casein and soya-bean protein in relation to their effects on serum cholesterol in rabbits

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja W. Kuyvenhoven ◽  
Wojciech F. Roszkowski ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Ron L. A. P. Hoogenboom ◽  
Ria M. E. Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
Bean Protein

Adult male rabbits were fed on semi-purified diets containing soya-bean protein isolate, casein or formaldehyde-treated casein as the protein source and 1 g cholesterol and 5 g of the non-absorbable marker chromic oxide/kg diet. The concentration of cholesterol in serum and in liver was increased on both the casein and formaldehyde-treated-casein diets. Excretion of bile acids and their concentration in faeces were lower in rabbits fed on casein or formaldehyde-treated casein when compared with rabbits fed on soya-bean protein. Apparent digestibility of nitrogen was lowest when formaldehyde-treated casein was fed, and highest on the casein diet. In rabbits fed on casein treated with formaldehyde, higher proportions of N were found in the water-soluble and trichloroacetic acid-insoluble protein fractions of the gastrointestinal tract contents compared with rabbits on the other two diets. Absorption of phosphate from the gastrointestinal tract was higher in rabbits fed on casein than in rabbits fed on soya-bean protein or formaldehyde-treated casein. The results indicate that, in rabbits, protein digestibility may not be an important determinant of serum cholesterol.

scholarly journals A longitudinal cross-over study of serum cholesterol and lipoproteins in rabbits fed on semi-purified diets containing either casein or soya-bean protein

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H. M. Terpstra ◽  
Christopher J. H. Woodward ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Henk G. Van Boven
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Bean Protein

1. Two groups, each of six rabbits, were fed on semi-purified diets containing either 400 g casein or 400 g soya-bean protein/kg for 20 d and then the diets of the two groups were crossed-over.2. Just before the cross-over, the serum cholesterol concentration (mean ± SE) was 3068 ± 592 and 800 ± 143 mg/l for the groups fed on casein and soya-bean protein respectively.3. Changes in the serum cholesterol concentration were observed 1 d after crossing-over the diets. By 10 d, the cholesterol levels in the two groups had also crossed-over.4. The changes in serum cholesterol level after the cross-over were reflected in the very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL).5. Lipoprotein protein concentrations in the LDL changed in the same way as cholesterol. In the VLDL however, the protein concentration decreased in both groups after the change in diet.6. The cholesterol:protein values for the LDL and VLDL markedly increased in the rabbits changed from the soya-bean-protein diet to the casein diet, reaching a maximum 2 d after the cross-over. In the animals switched from casein to soya-bean protein, the values progressively declined.7. The source of dietary protein exerts a rapid effect on the composition of both the VLDL and LDL which is proposed to be attributed to changes in the number and size of lipoprotein particles.

scholarly journals Dietary animal proteins and cholesterol metabolism in rabbits

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R. Lovati ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Cesare R. Sirtori ◽  
Anton C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
High Background ◽  
Neutral Steroid ◽  
Bean Protein

The effect in rabbits of giving isonitrogenous purified diets containing casein, ovalbumin, fish protein, milk-whey protein and soya-bean protein were compared. The diets were balanced for cholesterol and for the amount and type of fat. When incorporated into low-cholesterol diets (0.8 g cholesterol/kg), casein, ovalbumin and soya-bean protein produced similar levels of serum cholesterol. With a high background of dietary cholesterol (1.5 g/kg), serum cholesterol concentrations increased with soya-bean protein, whey protein, casein and fish protein, in that order. Thus, the hypercholesterolaemic effect of casein in carefully balanced diets was only seen against a high-cholesterol background. The development of hypercholesterolaemia produced by giving fish protein was different from that produced by casein. First, less cholesterol accumulated in the very-low-density-lipoprotein fractions and more in the lipoproteins of higher density with fish protein than with casein. Second, fish protein, unlike casein, did not increase liver cholesterol. Third, transfer of rabbits from a diet containing soya-bean protein to one containing casein resulted in an immediate marked depression in neutral steroid and bile acid excretion in faeces. However, when rabbits were fed on the diet with fish protein after the diet with soya-bean protein, there was no significant depression in neutral steroid output and the depression in bile acid output was delayed. The present study suggests that different animal proteins cause hypercholesterolaemia by different mechanisms.

scholarly journals The effect of different feeds, including those containing soya-bean products, on the passage of digesta from the abomasum of the preruminant calf

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Smith ◽  
J. W. Sissons
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Bean Protein

1. The effects of various factors on rates of flow and composition of digesta leaving the abomasum of preruminant calves were studied. The possible relation of some of these effects to the development of serum antibodies to certain dietary constituents has also been examined. Two situations were distinguished: (a) unsensitized responses, shown by calves receiving milk protein or soya-bean products for the first one or two occasions; (b) sensitized responses, shown by calves receiving certain soya-bean products, after a number of these feeds had been given.2. For unsensitized calves, the rate of flow of total digesta from the abomasum was greater in the first few hours after a feed consisting of a mineral solution was given, than after cow's milk was given. This difference was apparently due to differences in the composition of digesta entering the duodenum. Total digesta flows after giving synthetic milk feeds, prepared from different protein sources, were similar to those after cow's milk was given.3. For sensitized calves, rates of flow of total digesta from the abomasum were greatly affected by the nature of the protein source used in the diet. Soya-bean flour (heated or unheated) generally caused inhibition of flow for some hours after feeding; a soya-bean protein isolate (isoelectric) had a similar but smaller effect, but a soya-bean concentrate (prepared by alcohol extraction of a soya-bean flour) and milk protein had little or no effect. The inhibition, believed to be a sign of more general disorders, appeared to be caused by a factor entering the duodenum which induced a change in the way in which the calf responded, probably as the result of a gastrointestinal allergy.4. Calves given soya-bean flour or a soya-bean protein isolate (isoelectric) in their diets for several weeks, showed respectively high and low titres of serum antibodies to an antigen prepared from soya-bean flour. Calves given alcohol-extracted soya-bean concentrate had no similar antibodies.5. In addition to variations in total digesta flow, dietary nitrogen compounds were held up in the abomasum to different extents after different feeds. After a whole-milk feed or a synthetic feed prepared from casein, a slow, steady release of N occurred over at least 9 h. N hold-up after giving soya-bean-containing feeds was slight for the soya-bean flour, but extremely marked for the soya-bean protein isolate (isoelectric). The latter hold-up was followed after several hours by a rapid outflow of N from the abomasum.

A BRIEF COMMUNICATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Šošic-Jurjević ◽  
Branko Filipović ◽  
Vladimir Ajdžanović ◽  
Dejan Brkić ◽  
Nataša Ristić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Estradiol Treatment ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Higher Doses

Nutritional supplements containing soybean phytoestrogens, the isoflavones genistein (G) and daidzein (D), are increasingly used as alternative therapy for osteoporosis, cancer, and cardiovascular and other diseases with a frequency that increases with advancing age. In this study we examined the effects of subcutaneous administration of either G or D on serum lipid levels in orchidectomized (Orx) and intact (IA) middle-aged male rats, which are experimental models of andropause. Sixteen-month-old Wistar rats were treated with 10 mg/kg and 30mg/kg of either G or D. The control groups received testosterone, estradiol, or vehicle for 3 weeks, after which the total serum cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and total triglycerides (TT) were measured. Compared with the matching vehicle-treated controls, the higher doses of G and D and testosterone treatment significantly ( P < 0.05) lowered the TC and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The greatest effect was observed regarding LDL-C in both Orx and IA males after G and D treatments, in which LDL-C decreased by more than 30%. The lower isoflavone doses induced a significant cholesterol-lowering effect ( P < 0.05) only in the Orx group. Like the estradiol treatment, the higher doses of G and D increased the TT levels in both rat models by more than 50% ( P < 0.05). The lower doses of isoflavones increased TT only in the Orx group. In male middle-aged rats, injections of higher doses of G and D decreased the serum cholesterol levels, as did testosterone injection, and brought about an increase in serum triglycerides similar to that observed after estradiol treatment.

scholarly journals A comparison of the effects of soya-bean protein and casein on bile composition, cholelithiasis and serum lipoprotein lipids in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops)

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jaskiewicz ◽  
M. J. Weight ◽  
K. J. Christopher ◽  
A. J. S. Benadé ◽  
D. Kritchevsky
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Bile Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Protein

1. Two groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus uethiops) were fed on high-cholesterol diets which differed only with respect to the protein source. In one group casein was the only protein source, while the other group received only soya-bean protein.2. Samples of blood, bile and liver biopsy material were collected at the commencement of the study and at 3-monthly intervals until termination 12 months later.3. At the end of the experimental period all the animals (n19) had high plasma cholesterol levels and had developed pigment gallstones, the compositions and weights of which were not related to the protein source or to plasma cholesterol levels. Gallstone weight was related to the presence of acidic and sulphated mucins in gallbladder mucosa. We were also unable to confirm the hypocholesterolaemic effect of soya-bean protein which has been demonstrated previously in rhesus monkeys and hamsters. Bile composition, and plasma lipids did not differ significantly between the casein-fed and soya-bean fed animals. Lithogenic index was below 1 for both groups and did not differ significantly between the two groups.4. No significant difference was found in the severity ofcholelithiasis between the casein-fed and the soya-bean-fed animals.

scholarly journals Effects of whey protein, casein, soya-bean and sunflower proteins on the serum, tissue and faecal steroids in rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sautier ◽  
K. Dieng ◽  
C. Flament ◽  
C. Doucet ◽  
J. P. Suquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Neutral Sterols ◽  
Sunflower Proteins

1. Four groups of rats were fed for 49 d on one of four semi-purified diets, without added cholesterol and containing 230 g/kg of the following isolated proteins: casein, whey, soya-bean or sunflower.2. Whey, soya-bean and sunflower proteins, when compared with casein, decreased the level of serum high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. These low cholesterol levels were accompanied by an increase in the daily faecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids in the case of soya-bean protein, and by a decrease in the liver cholesterol content, when rats were fed on whey protein.3. Considering the amino acid composition of the four purified proteins, we observed that serum total and HDL-cholesterol levels had a significant positive correlation with tyrosine and glutamic acid, and a negative correlation with cystine and alanine.4. The present study showed that the hypocholesterolaemic effect of dietary proteins was not related to their animal or vegetable origin.

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