scholarly journals A comparison of the effects of soya-bean protein and casein on bile composition, cholelithiasis and serum lipoprotein lipids in the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops)

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jaskiewicz ◽  
M. J. Weight ◽  
K. J. Christopher ◽  
A. J. S. Benadé ◽  
D. Kritchevsky
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Bile Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Protein

1. Two groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus uethiops) were fed on high-cholesterol diets which differed only with respect to the protein source. In one group casein was the only protein source, while the other group received only soya-bean protein.2. Samples of blood, bile and liver biopsy material were collected at the commencement of the study and at 3-monthly intervals until termination 12 months later.3. At the end of the experimental period all the animals (n19) had high plasma cholesterol levels and had developed pigment gallstones, the compositions and weights of which were not related to the protein source or to plasma cholesterol levels. Gallstone weight was related to the presence of acidic and sulphated mucins in gallbladder mucosa. We were also unable to confirm the hypocholesterolaemic effect of soya-bean protein which has been demonstrated previously in rhesus monkeys and hamsters. Bile composition, and plasma lipids did not differ significantly between the casein-fed and soya-bean fed animals. Lithogenic index was below 1 for both groups and did not differ significantly between the two groups.4. No significant difference was found in the severity ofcholelithiasis between the casein-fed and the soya-bean-fed animals.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the absorption of iron from soya-bean protein products

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Derman ◽  
D. Ballot ◽  
T. H. Bothwell ◽  
B. J. Macfarlane ◽  
R. D. Baynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bean Protein

1. The absorption of iron from soya-bean (Glycine hispida)-based and milk-based infant formulas was assessed in 138 multiparous Indian women, using the erythrocyte utilization of radioactive Fe method.2. Fe absorption was significantly greater from the basal milk formula (1.5 g protein) than it was from the basal soya-bean formula (2.3 g protein), with geometric mean values of 0.083 and 0.044 respectively.3. Ascorbic acid markedly increased Fe absorption from the milk-based formula in a dose-dependent fashion. The increase was fivefold when the ascorbic acid: Fe ratio on a weight-for-weight basis was 6: 1 and over tenfold when it was 20:1. In contrast, ascorbic acid had a less-marked effect on the absorption of Fe from the soya-bean-based formula, with only a two- to threefold increase at an ascorbic acid: Fe ratio of 20: 1.4. The geometric mean Fe absorption from the soya-bean formula (1.27 mg Fe, 2.3 g isolated soya-bean protein (ISP)) was somewhat less than that from the same amounts of ISP and ascorbic acid made up in milk (0.075 and 0.1 13 respectively). However, a direct comparison between the soya-bean formula in milk and in water showed no significant difference (0.043 and 0.060 respectively).5. Fe absorption from a drink containing 10 g ISP and 30 mg ascorbic acid was significantly better than that from a similar drink containing the soya-bean flour from which ISP is extracted (0.044 and 0.027 respectively).6. Heating ISP to 200° for 2 h before its use had no effect on Fe availability. When 2.3 g heated ISP (10 mg ascorbic acid) was compared with a similar formulation of untreated ISP, Fe absorption values were 0.135 and 0.099 respectively. Comparable values with 25 g ISP (no ascorbic acid) were 0.067 and 0.058.7. Citric acid in amounts of 1 4 g had a dose related but limited enhancing effect on Fe absorption from 10 g ISP, with a rise from 0.01 1 (no citric acid) to 0.068 (4 g citric acid).8. There was appreciable variability in the levels of Fe absorption in different studies, which suggested that unidentified manufacturing or preparative differences might be influencing the overall results.

scholarly journals Lean rats gained more body weight than obese ones from a high-fibre diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1188-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoting Li ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Yingyi Gu ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Shiyi Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Diet Control

AbstractThere is controversy over previous findings that a high ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes helps obese animals harvest energy from the diet. To further investigate the relationship between microbial composition and energy harvest, microbial adaptation to diet and time should be considered. In this study, lean and obese rats were successfully induced with low-fat and high-fat diets. An 8-week high soyabean fibre (HSF)-containing diet was then fed to investigate the interaction between the diet and the rats’ gut microbiota, as well as their influence on rats’ growth. Rats’ body weight (BW) was recorded weekly; their plasma lipids and their gut microbiota at week 11, 15 and 19 were analysed. After the consumption of the HSF diet, BW of lean rats increased significantly (P<0·05), but no significant alteration in BW was found in obese rats. The average content of plasma cholesterol was lowered and that of TAG was upgraded in both the groups when fed the HSF diet. There was no significant difference observed at each period between lean and obese rats. In the group of lean rats, the diversity of gut microbiota was elevated strongly (P<0·01), and bacteria from phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were both increased largely (P<0·01); however, the bacterial diversity and composition in obese rats were less altered after the HSF diet control. In conclusion, the increased Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes might relate to lean rats’ higher BW gain; ‘obese microbiota’ could not help the hosts harvest more energy from the HSF diet.

scholarly journals The effect of daily consumption of coconut fat and soya-bean fat on plasma lipids and lipoproteins of young normolipidaemic men

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanthi Mendis ◽  
Ravi Kumarasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Level ◽  
Total Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
High Intake

The present paper reports the influence on plasma lipids of isoenergetic diets containing 30 YO of energy as fat, with a polyunsaturated: saturated fat ratio of 4.00 or 0.25, consumed for 8 weeks by twenty-five young normolipidaemic males. Approximately 70 % of the fat energy was provided by the test fats: soya-bean fat and coconut fat. During the soya-bean-fat-eating period the total plasma cholesterol level fell significantly compared with baseline values (P< 0.001) and during the coconut-fat-eating phase total plasma cholesterol level increased significantly compared with the soya-bean-eating period (P< 0001).On the soya-bean-fat diet, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased by 15 YO (range 6–35 YO) and plasma triacylglycerols decreased by 25 YO (range 13–37 YO). Results of the present study show that even when the proportion of total fat in the diet is low, a high intake of linoleic acid lowers both total plasma cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, while a high intake of saturated fat elevates both these lipid fractions. Application of regression formulas to the present findings indicates that short-chain saturated fatty acids have a neutral effect on serum cholesterol

scholarly journals The effect of dietary protein source and saponins on serum lipids and the excretion of bile acids and neutral sterols in rabbits

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitra Pathirana ◽  
M. J. Gibney ◽  
T. G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Neutral Sterols ◽  
Dietary Protein Source ◽  
Bean Protein

1. Four groups of six rabbits were given purified diets in which the dietary variables were protein source (isolated soya-bean protein or cow's-milk protein) with or without saponin supplementation (10 g/kg).2. Rabbits given soya-based diets showed significantly lower serum concentrations of triglyceride and cholesterol (P < 0·01). The latter changes were confined to the cholesterol fractions of β-lipoproteins.3. These changes in serum cholesterol were associated with a significantly increased excretion of acid and neutral sterols in animals given soya-bean protein.4. There was no evidence to suggest that the effect of dietary protein source on serum lipids and the excretion of total and individual sterols was influenced by saponin supplementation.5. These results do not support the hypothesis that the hypocholesterolaemia associated with plant proteins is due to the presence of saponins.

scholarly journals A trial of the effects of soya-bean flour and soya-bean saponins on plasma lipids, faecal bile acids and neutral sterols in hypercholesterolaemic men

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Calvert ◽  
Lesley Blight ◽  
R. J. Illman ◽  
D. L. Topping ◽  
J. D. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Plasma Lipoprotein ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Neutral Sterols ◽  
Double Blind Crossover Study

1. The hypothesis that soya-bean saponins, by binding bile salts in the gastrointestinal lumen, are responsible for some of the plasma-cholesterol-lowering effect of soya-bean preparations, was tested. In a double-blind crossover study 50 g soya-bean flour/d, containing either 22 or 4 g saponins/kg (adjusted by ethanol extraction) was incorporated in biscuits as a substitute for biscuits or bread into the diet of ten outpatient hypercholesterolaemic men over two consecutive 4-week study periods. The diet was monitored to ensure constancy, saponin-rich foods excluded, faeces collected for bile acid and neutral sterol analysis, and blood taken for plasma lipoprotein lipid analysis.2. Neither diet had any effect on cholesterol in any plasma lipoprotein fraction, on fasting plasma triglyceride, or on faecal bile acids and neutral sterols.3. These results suggested that soya-bean saponins are not responsible for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of soya-bean products.

scholarly journals Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Sickle Cell Disease Patients in the Northern West Bank, Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fekri Samarah ◽  
Mahmoud A. Srour ◽  
Kamal Dumaidi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Altered Lipid

Background. Lipid metabolism may be altered in red cell genetic disorders. The erythrocyte and plasma lipids are defected which may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we hypothesized a possible link between severity of anemia and altered lipid profile in SCD. Methods. A total of 151 SCD patients, including 62 patients with sickle cell anemia (SS), 54 patients with sickle β-thalassemia (ST), and 35 individuals with sickle cell trait (AS), were studied. The control group consisted of 160 healthy individuals. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were enzymatically measured. Results. Total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly lower ( P value < 0.001) in SS and ST patients compared to AS individuals and AA controls. However, LDL-C was significantly lower in AS individuals (both males and female) compared to AA controls ( P value < 0.001). The HDL-C in SS and ST patients (both males and females) was significantly lower than that in AS individuals ( P value < 0.001). In addition, the HDL-C was significantly higher in SS and ST males and AS (males and females) compared to AA controls ( P value < 0.001). The HDL-C was also significantly higher in SS males ( P value < 0.001) and females ( P value < 0.05) compared to ST patients. The HDL-C was significantly higher in AS individuals ( P value < 0.001) compared to AA controls. The triglycerides in SS males was significantly lower than that in ST patients ( P value < 0.001), but there was no significant difference when compared to AS individuals and AA controls. In contrast, triglycerides in SS females were significantly lower than those in ST ( P value < 0.05), AS ( P value < 0.001), and AA controls ( P value < 0.001). In males of ST patients, triglycerides were significantly higher than those observed in AS males and AA males ( P value < 0.001). In contrast, females of ST patients have a significantly lower triglycerides compared to AS and AA females ( P value < 0.001). Conclusions. In SCD, the plasma is affected in some way, especially the plasma cholesterol that was investigated in this study. Further prospective studies should examine the contribution of an altered lipid profile to the severity and clinical complications in SCD patients.

Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Abnormalities in Patients with Malabsorption

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert R. Thompson ◽  
J. Paul Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

1. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins have been studied in control subjects and patients with various types of steatorrhoea. 2. Low plasma cholesterol levels were found in malabsorbers and were associated with decreased amounts of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in males and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in females. 3. Serum triglyceride levels were normal in males, but exceeded control values in some of the females, due to an increase in very-low-density lipoprotein. 4. LDL composition was abnormal in both male and female malabsorbers, with a decreased proportion of cholesterol ester and an increased proportion of triglyceride. There was also an increased proportion of triglyceride in HDL. 5. These findings show that malabsorption markedly influences not only the concentration but also the composition of plasma lipoproteins.

scholarly journals Dietary Cholesterol Is Highly Associated with Severity of Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerotic Lesions in Heterozygous LDLR-Deficient Hamsters

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjie Wang ◽  
Kunxiang He ◽  
Chun Yang ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Inherited Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Objective: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a dominant inherited disease caused mainly by low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene mutations. To different extents, both heterozygous and homozygous FH patients develop premature coronary heart disease (CHD). However, most of the experimental animal models with LDLR deficiency could not fully recapitulate FH because they develop hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis only in homozygous, but not in heterozygous, form. In the current study, we investigated the responsiveness of the LDLR+/− hamster to dietary cholesterol and whether plasma cholesterol levels were positively associated with the severity of atherosclerosis. Approach and Methods: wild type WT and LDLR+/− hamsters were fed a high fat diet with different cholesterol contents (HCHF) for 12 or 16 weeks. Plasma lipids, (apo)lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis in both the aorta and coronary arteries were analyzed. After a HCHF diet challenge, the levels of total cholesterol (TC) in WT and LDLR+/− hamsters were significantly elevated, but the latter showed a more pronounced lipoprotein profile, with higher cholesterol levels that were positively correlated with dietary cholesterol contents. The LDLR+/− hamsters also showed accelerated atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries, whereas only mild aortic lesions were observed in WT hamsters. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that, unlike other rodent animals, the levels of plasma cholesterol in hamsters can be significantly modulated by the intervention of dietary cholesterol, which were closely associated with severity of atherosclerosis in LDLR+/− hamsters, suggesting that the LDLR+/− hamster is an ideal animal model for FH and has great potential in the study of FH and atherosclerosis-related CHD.

scholarly journals Effect of cholesterol re-supplementation and atorvastatin on plaque composition in the thoracic aorta of New Zealand white rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bonaterra ◽  
K. Bender ◽  
B. Wilhelm ◽  
H. Schwarzbach ◽  
S. Metz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Plaque Size ◽  
Atorvastatin Treatment ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Group I

Abstract Background Effects of re-supplementation of a cholesterol-enriched diet (CEDrs) on size, cholesterol content and morphology of already existing plaques are not known to date. Methods A group of rabbits received standard chow (SC) for 6 weeks (“negative control”; for plasma lipid measurements only). Group I-IV received 2% CED (induction) for 6 weeks; thereafter, groups II-IV have been fed a SC (= cholesterol withdrawal) for 68 weeks. Afterwards, feeding of groups II-IV was continued as follows: Group II - 10 weeks SC, group III - 4 weeks 0.5% CED (~re-supplementation), afterwards 6 weeks SC (~withdrawal again); group IV - 4 weeks 0.5% CED (re-supplementation) + atorvastatin (2.5 mg/kg body weight/day), afterwards 6 weeks SC (~withdrawal again) + atorvastatin. Plasma lipids, but also plaque size, morphology and cholesterol contents of thoracic aortas were quantified. Results After CEDrs, plasma cholesterol levels were increased. However, after withdrawal of CEDrs, plasma cholesterol levels decreased, whereas the cholesterol content of the thoracic aorta was increased in comparison with the group without CEDrs. Plaque size remained unaffected. Atorvastatin application did not change plasma cholesterol level, cholesterol content of the thoracic aorta and plaque size in comparison with the group without drug treatment. However, atorvastatin treatment increased the density of macrophages (MΦ) compared with the group without treatment, with a significant correlation between densities of MΦ (Mac-1+) and apoptotic (TUNEL+; TP53+), antigen-presenting (HLA-DR+) or oxidatively stressed (SOD2+) cells. Conclusions In rabbits with already existing plaques, CEDrs affects plaque morphology and cellular composition, but not plaque size. Despite missing effects on plasma cholesterol levels, cholesterol content of the thoracic aorta and size of already existing atherosclerotic plaques, atorvastatin treatment transforms the already existing lesions to a more active form, which may accelerate the remodelling to a more stable plaque.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary fish proteins on plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xizhong Zhang ◽  
Anton C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
Fish Proteins ◽  
Bean Protein

The effects of amount and type of dietary fish proteins on plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations were evaluated in female rats. The isonitrogenous diets used contained 10 g cholesterol/kg and were carefully balanced for residual fat, cholesterol, Ca, Mg and P in the protein preparations. Cod meal, soya-bean protein or casein was incorporated into the diets as the only source of dietary protein a t three levels: either 24,48 or 72 g N/kg diet. Extra protein was added to the diet at the expense of the glucose component. In a second experiment soya-bean protein, casein, cod meal, whiting meal or plaice meal was added to the diet at a level of 24 g N/kg. When compared with casein, cod meal and soya-bean protein decreased plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations. A further cholesterol-lowering effect was achieved by increasing the proportion of either soya-bean protein or cod meal in the diet. Substitution of casein for glucose did not influence plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations. Plaice meal in the diet produced lower group mean plasma cholesterol concentrations than did whiting meal. In rats fed on the diet containing plaice meal, liver cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower than those in their counterparts fed on either cod meal or whiting meal. The present study demonstrates that different fish proteins in the diet have different effects on cholesterol metabolism and that the cholesterol-influencing properties of cod meal can be enhanced by the incorporation of higher proportions of this protein in the diet.

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