scholarly journals The retention of 59Fe and 65Zn by preruminant lambs given milk-substitutes based on either casein or soya-bean-protein isolate

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-593
Author(s):  
R. Hill ◽  
D. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Bean Protein

1. Eight newborn lambs were given milk-substitutes based on casein (n 4) or a soya-bean-protein isolate (n 4). On the morning before a 10 d collection period, the milk-substitutes were supplemented with 59Fe as ferric chloride and 5Zn as zinc chloride. Faeces and urine were collected daily and determinations of 59Fe and 65Zn were made on these separately. During a second 10 d period the dosing procedure and collection were repeated but the diet of each lamb was reversed.2. Mean retention of 59Fe in lambs given the casein diet was 0.50 (SE 0.12) and in those given the soya-bean-protein diet 0.06 (SE 0.05). There were large variations among animals but the treatment effect was significant at P < 0.05. Retention of 65Zn was significantly greater than that of 59Fe for all lambs but the effect of dietary treatment was similar to that for Fe. 65Zn retention values for casein and soya-bean-protein diets were 0.84 (E 0.06) and 0.52 (SE 0.03) respectively, and the difference was significant at P < 0.01.3. There were only very small amounts of 59Fe and 65Zn in urine, representing 0.002–0.003 of the dose.

scholarly journals Digestibility of casein, formaldehyde-treated casein and soya-bean protein in relation to their effects on serum cholesterol in rabbits

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja W. Kuyvenhoven ◽  
Wojciech F. Roszkowski ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Ron L. A. P. Hoogenboom ◽  
Ria M. E. Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
Bean Protein

Adult male rabbits were fed on semi-purified diets containing soya-bean protein isolate, casein or formaldehyde-treated casein as the protein source and 1 g cholesterol and 5 g of the non-absorbable marker chromic oxide/kg diet. The concentration of cholesterol in serum and in liver was increased on both the casein and formaldehyde-treated-casein diets. Excretion of bile acids and their concentration in faeces were lower in rabbits fed on casein or formaldehyde-treated casein when compared with rabbits fed on soya-bean protein. Apparent digestibility of nitrogen was lowest when formaldehyde-treated casein was fed, and highest on the casein diet. In rabbits fed on casein treated with formaldehyde, higher proportions of N were found in the water-soluble and trichloroacetic acid-insoluble protein fractions of the gastrointestinal tract contents compared with rabbits on the other two diets. Absorption of phosphate from the gastrointestinal tract was higher in rabbits fed on casein than in rabbits fed on soya-bean protein or formaldehyde-treated casein. The results indicate that, in rabbits, protein digestibility may not be an important determinant of serum cholesterol.

scholarly journals The importance of the non-protein components of the diet in the plasma cholesterol response of rabbits to casein

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Allotta ◽  
S. Samman ◽  
D. C. K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Bean Protein

1. To characterize the hypercholesterolaemic effect of casein further, four groups of young male rabbits in two separate experiments were placed on cholesterol-free semi-purified diets for 12 weeks. The diets were similar in composition, with either casein or soya-bean-protein isolate providing the protein source (250 g/kg). In two of these diets the salt mix was reduced by 45% (normally 40 g/kg) and replaced by potassium bicarbonate.2. Growth was unaffected by these alterations in dietary salts except for one group given the soya-bean-reduced-salts diet.3. The mean concentrations of plasma cholesterol were significantly higher in all casein-fed groups as compared with their soya-bean-fed counterparts but the response was much greater in those given the casein—reduced-salts diet.4. Contrary to expectations, analysis of the diets showed the zinc and copper concentrations of the casein diets to be less than those of the soya-bean diets. This was due to the greater concentrations of Cu (threefold) and Zn (twofold) in the soya-bean-protein isolate compared with casein.5. The mean concentration of Zn in fur was significantly decreased in casein-fed rabbits and these animals also excreted less Zn but more Cu in their urine than those given the casein—reduced-salts diet.6. The rabbits given the casein diet with the least salt mix showed the greatest degree of hypercholesterolaemia, suggesting an interaction between trace elements and the casein effect.

scholarly journals Effects of soya-bean protein and casein on serum cholesterol levels in rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nagata ◽  
K. Imaizumi ◽  
M. Sugano
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Definite Pattern ◽  
Neutral Sterols ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bean Protein

1. The effect of the soya-bean protein isolate and casein, both given 200 g/kg diet for 3–4 weeks, on serum cholesterol was compared in male rats.2. Soya-bean protein exerted a hypocholesteraemic effect only in a cholesterol-free low-fat (10 g maize oil/kg) diet, when the lowering action appeared independent of the strain of the rat or the feeding pattern. The results obtained with diets containing cholesterol or higher levels of fats or both showed no definite pattern of response.3. Although the decrease in serum cholesterol appeared greater in α-lipoprotiens than in β-lipoproteins, the proportion of the former to total cholesterol remained almost unchanged. The concentration of serum apo A-I was significantly lower in rats given the vegetable protein.4. Rats given soya-bean protein excreted significantly more neutral sterols.5. The serum amino acid pattern did not reflect the difference in dietary protein. Addition of cholesterol to the diets modified the serum aminogarm, the decrease in threonine being most marked in both protein groups.6. This study shows that the hypocholesteraemic action of soya-bean protein is easily modified by the type of diet.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary deficiencies of protein and retinol on the plasma level of retinol-binding protein in the rat

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Muhilal ◽  
J. Glover
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Rice Protein ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Bean Protein

1. The plasma concentration of retinol-binding holoprotein (holo-RBP) in rats given retinol-sufficient diets containing 50 g soya-bean protein/kg was 90 % of the concentration found in controls given 200 g soya-bean protein/kg, whereas in rats given 50 g rice protein/kg it was only 68 % of the control value. Plasma albumin concentrations in the low-protein groups were lower by 20–25 %.2. The rats given retinol-deficient diets, whose plasma levels of holo-RBP were reduced almost to zero after 5–8 weeks, were given 1·5 mg retinol/kg body-weight. Changes in plasma holo-RBP were measured for 7 d. The rapid rise in the latter to a peak above normal control levels within 1·5–2 h indicated that a pool of the apoprotein had accumulated in the liver during the period of deficiency and that retinol was necessary for its release.3. The maximum value reached in the groups of rats given the rice-protein diet was smaller than the values for the groups given the soya-bean-protein diets, reflecting a reduced rate of synthesis of the carrier protein in the livers of those groups.4. The administration of 100 g casein/kg diet to the rats receiving only 50 g rice-protein/kg immediately stimulated the synthesis of the carrier protein which was released into plasma, reaching a peak after 24 h before settling down after 3–4 d to the steady-state level expected for normal well-nourished controls.5. The half-life for excess holo-RBP released into plasma of rats receiving a normal level of good-quality protein was 7 h, where it was 14 h for the groups of low-protein diets.

Calcium absorption and bone utilization in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed on native and heat-damaged casein and soya-bean protein

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne V. Yuan ◽  
David D. Kitts
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Bean Protein

The effects of dietary protein on Ca bioavailability and utilization in bone were examined in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) fed on diets containing either casein (200 g/kg (control), 60 g/kg or heat-damaged (HD) 200 g/kg) or soya-bean protein isolate (200 g/kg (control), 60 g/kg, or HD 200 g/kg). Casein was heat-damaged to limit caseinophosphopeptide (CPP) production in order to evaluate casein enhancement of Ca bioavailability. All diets contained an adequate level of Ca (5 g/kg). A 24 h mineral balance study was performed when animals were 10 weeks old, followed by measurement of in situ paracellular Ca disappearance, femur mineralization and biomechanics at 14 weeks of age. Digestibility of soya-bean and both HD proteins estimated in vitro was reduced compared with native casein. Animals fed on HD and 60 g/kg protein diets exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) body weight gain, dry matter intake and feed efficiency compared with controls. The ileal disappearance of 45Ca was lower (P < 0.05) in animals fed on HD casein and all the soya-bean protein diets. Ca balance was not strongly affected by dietary treatments. A significant (P < 0.05) interaction between protein source and reduced protein intake was observed for femur calcification and physical measurements. Femur bending failure energy and biomechanical force measurements were reduced (P < 0.05) in HD and 60 g/kg casein and soya-bean protein fed animals. These findings suggest that whole-body Ca homeostatic mechanisms were involved in compensating for reduced Ca bioavailability and retention from casein diets modified to reduce protein digestibility and CPP production.

scholarly journals The effect of different feeds, including those containing soya-bean products, on the passage of digesta from the abomasum of the preruminant calf

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Smith ◽  
J. W. Sissons
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Bean Protein

1. The effects of various factors on rates of flow and composition of digesta leaving the abomasum of preruminant calves were studied. The possible relation of some of these effects to the development of serum antibodies to certain dietary constituents has also been examined. Two situations were distinguished: (a) unsensitized responses, shown by calves receiving milk protein or soya-bean products for the first one or two occasions; (b) sensitized responses, shown by calves receiving certain soya-bean products, after a number of these feeds had been given.2. For unsensitized calves, the rate of flow of total digesta from the abomasum was greater in the first few hours after a feed consisting of a mineral solution was given, than after cow's milk was given. This difference was apparently due to differences in the composition of digesta entering the duodenum. Total digesta flows after giving synthetic milk feeds, prepared from different protein sources, were similar to those after cow's milk was given.3. For sensitized calves, rates of flow of total digesta from the abomasum were greatly affected by the nature of the protein source used in the diet. Soya-bean flour (heated or unheated) generally caused inhibition of flow for some hours after feeding; a soya-bean protein isolate (isoelectric) had a similar but smaller effect, but a soya-bean concentrate (prepared by alcohol extraction of a soya-bean flour) and milk protein had little or no effect. The inhibition, believed to be a sign of more general disorders, appeared to be caused by a factor entering the duodenum which induced a change in the way in which the calf responded, probably as the result of a gastrointestinal allergy.4. Calves given soya-bean flour or a soya-bean protein isolate (isoelectric) in their diets for several weeks, showed respectively high and low titres of serum antibodies to an antigen prepared from soya-bean flour. Calves given alcohol-extracted soya-bean concentrate had no similar antibodies.5. In addition to variations in total digesta flow, dietary nitrogen compounds were held up in the abomasum to different extents after different feeds. After a whole-milk feed or a synthetic feed prepared from casein, a slow, steady release of N occurred over at least 9 h. N hold-up after giving soya-bean-containing feeds was slight for the soya-bean flour, but extremely marked for the soya-bean protein isolate (isoelectric). The latter hold-up was followed after several hours by a rapid outflow of N from the abomasum.

Utilization of casein, fish meal and soya bean proteins in dry diets for pigs between 7 and 28 days of age

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Milk Casein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Bean Protein

ABSTRACTSeventy-two pigs between 7 and 28 days of age were given diets containing milk, fish or soya bean proteins in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, the weight gains of pigs given casein, isolated soya bean protein, fish meal and soya bean meal were 211,180,200 and 191 g/day, respectively, and the food conversion ratios were 0·84, 1·16, 0·93 and 1·10, respectively.In the second experiment, the protein sources were skim milk, casein, isolated soya bean protein, soya bean concentrate and soya bean meal; weight gains of the pigs on these respective diets were 205, 180, 154, 133 and 169 g/day, and the food conversion ratios were 0·81, 0·92, 0·97, 1·07 and 1·05.Apparent digestibilities of the soya bean and fish protein diets were less than those of milk protein diets. Apparent digestibilities of all diets increased between the collection periods at 9 to 14 days and 23 to 28 days of age.

scholarly journals Digestion in the pig between 7 and 35 d of age

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wilson ◽  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Bean Protein

1. In two experiments, forty-four pigs weaned at 4–5 d of age were given diets containing milk or soya-bean proteins until slaughtered at 14, 28 or 35 d of age.2. Additions of methionine and methionine plus lysine to the diets did not increase the proportions of these amino acids in ileal digesta.3. In the pigs given a nitrogen-free diet, ileal digesta contained more threonine, proline and glycine than in pigs given diets containing protein.4. The apparent and true digestibility of amino acids were greater when milk protein was fed than when soya-bean proteins were fed.5. The apparent digestion of amino acids to the ileum of pigs given isolated soya-bean protein (ISP; Supro 610) increased with increasing age of pigs from a mean of 0.82 at 14 d of age to 0.87 at 35 d of age.6. When milk protein was fed apparent digestibilities of methionine and lysine to the ileum were 0.912 and 0.905. The apparent digestibility of threonine to the ileum was 0.800, 0.774 and 0.504 for pigs given the milk-, ISP and soya-bean-meal (SBM)-protein diets respectively.7. Apparent digestibilities of total essential and non-essential amino acids were 0.79 and 0.69 respectively, and true digestibilities of both were 0.82.

scholarly journals Further studies on the hypocholesterolæmic effect of soya-bean protein in rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nagata ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
M. Suganot
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Low Density ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bean Protein

1. The hypocholesterolæmic effect of soya-bean protein compared with that of casein, when fed at 200 g/kg diet for 3 weeks, was studied in rats.2. Using a cholesterol-free low-fat (10 g maize oil/kg) diet, the hypocholesterolæmic effect was demonstrated not only with soya-bean protein but also with an amino acid mixture simulating this protein. The addition of lysine to these diets did not modify their intrinsic effects on serum cholesterol.3. By feeding the vegetable protein or its amino acid mixture, both high-density-lipoprotein-and very-low-density-lipoprotein plus low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased to a similar extent, and the concentration of serum apolipoprotein A-I decreased and that of apolipoprotein B increased.4. Although rats given soya-bean protein excreted more neutral and acidic steroids, the difference disappeared when the amino acid mixture was fed, indicating that the hypocholesterolæmic effect of the vegetable protein is not ascribed only to the increased elimination of steroids.5. It is likely that the difference in the amino acid composition between animal and vegetable proteins is in fact responsible for the different response of serum cholesterol.

scholarly journals Digestion in the pig between 7 and 35 d of age

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wilson ◽  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Bean Protein

1. One hundred and fourteen pigs between 7 and 35 d of age were given diets containing milk or soya-bean proteins in four separate experiments.2. The substitution of milk protein by soya-bean meal (SBM) to 75% of the total dietary protein reduced the weight gains and food conversion efficiencies of the pigs by 85% between 7 and 14 d of age and 31% between 21 and 28 d of age.3. The treatment of soya-bean protein with alkali did not improve the performance of the pigs.4. The substitution of milk protein by two different isolated soya-bean proteins (ISP) resulted in weight gains of 34 and 60% of the gains of pigs given milk protein diets.5. Supplementation of the soya-bean-protein diets with methionine to 13.7 g/kg (5 g/16 g nitrogen) resulted in reduced food intakes and weight gains of the pigs and a 20-fold increase in the concentration of methionine in the blood plasma.6. Supplementation of soya-bean-protein diets with lysine to 22 g/kg (8g/16 g N) in addition to methionine doubled the concentration of lysine in the blood plasma.7. The apparent digestibility (AD) of dry matter (DM) and N of the diets containing soya-bean protein increased with increasing age of the pigs, but the AD of the milk-protein diet was not affected by the age of the pigs. The retention of N as a percentage of the N intake increased from 57–67% for soya-bean protein over the duration of the experiments while the average value for the milk-fed pigs was 85% at all ages.8. At 35 d of age, the fat content of the carcasses of the pigs given the ISP diet was 249 g/kg DM compared to 164 g/kg DM for the pigs given the milk diets.

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