Alterations in endothelium-associated proteins and serum thyroid hormone concentrations in anorexia nervosa

Plasma concentrations of endothelium-associated proteins (EAP) (plasma fibronectin (PFN), angio-tensin-converting enzyme, factor VIII-related antigen (F VIII-R:Ag)) and tissue plasminogen activator and serum thyroid hormone concentrations were studied in nine patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), before and after weight gain. Before weight gain (-35.9 (se 2.3)% of standard body-weight) PFN was significantly reduced and F VIII-R:Ag was significantly increased in AN patients compared with the concentrations in control subjects (211.5 (se 14.9)v.274.7 (se 16.6) μg/ml,P< 0.05; 129.2 (se 14.1)v.88.2 (se 9.7)%,P<0.05 respectively). Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and free T3 levels were also significantly lower before weight gain in AN patients (0.85 (se 0.07)v.1.53 (se 0.08) nmol/l,P< 0.001; 2.57 (se 0.23)v.5.31 (se 0.34) pmol/l,P< 0.001 respectively), although serum thyroxine (T4), free T4, and thyrotropin concentrations were within the normal range throughout the study periods. Following weight gain, PFN and F VIII-R: Ag concentrations normalized as did the thyroid hormone levels. The incremental changes in PFN levels correlated significantly with those in serum thyroid hormone concentrations (T3,r0.79,P<0.01; free T3,r0.84,P< 0.01). These findings suggest that PFN levels may be directly related to serum T3 concentrations in AN patients.

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Leptin Decreases Energy Expenditure Despite Increased Thyroid Hormone in Patients with Lipodystrophy

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab269 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Grover ◽

Emmanuel Quaye ◽

Robert J Brychta ◽

John Christensen ◽

Megan S Startzell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Free T4 ◽

Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽

Free T3 ◽

Mediated Effects ◽

Nervous System Activity ◽

Before And After ◽

Randomized Crossover Study

Abstract Context Leptin is an adipokine that signals energy sufficiency. In rodents, leptin deficiency decreases energy expenditure (EE), which is corrected following leptin replacement. In humans, data are mixed regarding leptin-mediated effects on EE. Objective To determine the effects of metreleptin on EE in patients with lipodystrophy. Design, setting, and patients Non-randomized crossover study of 25 patients with lipodystrophy (NIH, 2013-2018). Intervention The initiation cohort consisted of 17 patients without prior exposure to metreleptin, studied before and after 14 days of metreleptin. The withdrawal cohort consisted of 8 previously metreleptin-treated patients, studied before and after 14 days of metreleptin withdrawal. Main outcomes 24-hour energy expenditure (TEE), resting energy expenditure (REE), autonomic nervous system activity (heart rate variability, HrV), plasma free T3, free T4, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Results In the initiation cohort, TEE and REE decreased by 5.0% (121±152 kcal/day; p=0.006) and 5.9% (120±175 kcal/day; p=0.02). Free T3 increased by 19.4% (40±49 pg/dL; p=0.01). No changes in catecholamines or HrV were observed. In the withdrawal cohort, free T3 decreased by 8.0% (p=0.04), free T4 decreased by 11.9% (p=0.002), and norepinephrine decreased by 34.2% (p=0.03), but no changes in EE, epinephrine, dopamine, or HrV were observed. Conclusions Metreleptin initiation decreased EE in patients with lipodystrophy, but no changes were observed after metreleptin withdrawal. Thyroid hormone was higher on metreleptin in both initiation and withdrawal cohorts. Decreased EE after metreleptin in lipodystrophy may result from reductions in energy-requiring metabolic processes that counteract increases in EE via adipose tissue-specific neuroendocrine and adrenergic signaling.

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Total and Free Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in the Neonatal Period

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.53.2.211 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

Allen Erenberg ◽

Dale L. Phelps ◽

Robert Lam ◽

Delbert A. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Newborn Infant ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Free T4 ◽

Free T3 ◽

Serum T3

Radioimmunoassay measurements of serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3), and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) were conducted in full-term newborn infants between birth and 5 days of age. The mean concentrations of T4 and FT4 increased from cord blood levels of 11.9 µg/100 ml and 2.9 ng/100 ml to peak values of 16.2 µg/100 ml and 7 ng/100 ml by 24 to 48 hours of age. Mean serum total and free T3 concentrations increased from cord blood levels of 50.5 ng/100 ml and 146 pg/100 ml to peak values of 419 ng/100 ml and 1,260 pg/100 ml by 24 hours of age. Mean T3/T4 and FT3/FT4 ratios increased from 1/238 to 1/39 and from 1/20 to 1/6, respectively, during this period. By 72 to 126 hours, both the T4 and T3 concentrations had fallen somewhat. Mean serum TBG concentrations were unchanged and approximated 5.0 mg/100 ml during the first 5 days of life. These data confirm earlier reports that the normal newborn infant rapidly becomes chemically hyperthyroid in the neonatal period due to increased thyroid hormone secretion; this neonatal hyperthyroid state is due more to T3 than to T4. The data also confirm earlier reports that the fetus is T3 deficient due to a decreased capacity to monodeiodinate T4 to T3 in extrathyroidal tissues. The rapid increase in serum T3 after delivery at a time when the capacity to convert T4 to T3 is reduced suggests that the increment in serum T3 is due, predominantly, to increased T3 secretion from the thyroid gland stimulated by the neonatal TSH surge. Thus with parturition, the newborn infant is transformed from a state of chemical T3 deficiency to a state of chemical T3 thyrotoxicosis.

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Rescue pre-operative treatment with Lugol’s solution in uncontrolled Graves’ disease

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-17-0025 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 200-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jan Calissendorff ◽

Henrik Falhammar

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Side Effects ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Free T4 ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Free T3 ◽

Adherence To Medication ◽

Thyroid Hormone Levels

Background Graves’ disease is a common cause of hyperthyroidism. Three therapies have been used for decades: pharmacologic therapy, surgery and radioiodine. In case of adverse events, especially agranulocytosis or hepatotoxicity, pre-treatment with Lugol’s solution containing iodine/potassium iodide to induce euthyroidism before surgery could be advocated, but this has rarely been reported. Methods All patients hospitalised due to uncontrolled hyperthyroidism at the Karolinska University Hospital 2005–2015 and treated with Lugol’s solution were included. All electronic files were carefully reviewed manually, with focus on the cause of treatment and admission, demographic data, and effects of iodine on thyroid hormone levels and pulse frequency. Results Twenty-seven patients were included. Lugol’s solution had been chosen due to agranulocytosis in 9 (33%), hepatotoxicity in 2 (7%), other side effects in 11 (41%) and poor adherence to medication in 5 (19%). Levels of free T4, free T3 and heart rate decreased significantly after 5–9 days of iodine therapy (free T4 53–20 pmol/L, P = 0.0002; free T3 20–6.5 pmol/L, P = 0.04; heart rate 87–76 beats/min P = 0.0007), whereas TSH remained unchanged. Side effects were noted in 4 (15%) (rash n = 2, rash and vomiting n = 1, swelling of fingers n = 1). Thyroidectomy was performed in 26 patients (96%) and one was treated with radioiodine; all treatments were without serious complications. Conclusion Treatment of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism with Lugol’s solution before definitive treatment is safe and it decreases thyroid hormone levels and heart rate. Side effects were limited. Lugol’s solution could be recommended pre-operatively in Graves’ disease with failed medical treatment, especially if side effects to anti-thyroid drugs have occurred.

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Assessment of brain function in adolescent anorexia nervosa before and after weight gain

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology ◽

10.1080/01688639708403833 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 20-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Susan J. Bradley ◽

Margot J. Taylor ◽

Joanne F. Rovet ◽

Eudice Goldberg ◽

Jane Hood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Brain Function ◽

Before And After ◽

Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa

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Thyroid hormone concentrations in the plasma of fed and fasted Brahman and Hereford steers

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9940439 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 439

Author(s):

JC O'Kelly ◽

WG Spiers

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Free T4 ◽

Rumen Metabolism ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Breed Differences ◽

Feeding Regimes ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Brahman Steers

Plasma concentration patterns of thyroxine (TJ, free T4 (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3), and free T3 (FT3) were determined in Brahman steers fed lucerne hay ad libitum and in Brahman and Hereford steers fed restricted intakes of lucerne hay at the rate of either 208 g/h before fasting for 72 h or 250 g/h before fasting for 96 h. In Brahmans fed ad libitum, the plasma concentrations of all thyroid hormone fractions were significantly (P<0.01) correlated with one another and with feed intake. Within breeds, the concentrations of thyroid hormones were higher (P<0.001) when animals were fed at 250 g k than at 208 g/h. During both hourly feeding regimes T4, FT4, T3, and FT3 concentrations were higher (P<0.001) in Brahmans than in Herefords. Fasting after both hourly feeding regimes lowered (P<0.001) the concentrations of T4 about 53% in Brahmans and 30% in Herefords, while FT4, T3, and FT3 were lowered about 68% in Brahmans and 50% in Herefords. Consequently, thyroid hormone concentrations were significantly lower in Brahmans than in Herefords after 72 h fasting but did not differ significantly between breeds after 96 h fasting. The present results, together with those of our previous work showing breed differences in rumen metabolism, support the concept that, in Hereford and Brahman steers fed the same amount of hay in a thermoneutral environment, breed differences in plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones originate from quantitative differences in the supply of nutrients from the rumen to body tissues.

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Tissue Thyroid Hormone Levels in Critical Illness

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2005-1013 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 90 (12) ◽

pp. 6498-6507 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Robin P. Peeters ◽

Serge van der Geyten ◽

Pieter J. Wouters ◽

Veerle M. Darras ◽

Hans van Toor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Illness ◽

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Hormone Treatment ◽

Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽

Total Serum ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Serum T3 ◽

Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽

Thyroid Hormone Levels

Context: Pronounced alterations in serum thyroid hormone levels occur during critical illness. T3 decreases and rT3 increases, the magnitudes of which are related to the severity of disease. It is unclear whether these changes are associated with decreased tissue T3 concentrations and, thus, reduced thyroid hormone bioactivity. Patients and Study Questions: We therefore investigated, in 79 patients who died after intensive care and who did or did not receive thyroid hormone treatment, whether total serum thyroid hormone levels correspond to tissue levels in liver and muscle. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between tissue thyroid hormone levels, deiodinase activities, and monocarboxylate transporter 8 expression. Results: Tissue iodothyronine levels were positively correlated with serum levels, indicating that the decrease in serum T3 during illness is associated with decreased levels of tissue T3. Higher serum T3 levels in patients who received thyroid hormone treatment were accompanied by higher levels of liver and muscle T3, with evidence for tissue-specific regulation. Tissue rT3 and the T3/rT3 ratio were correlated with tissue deiodinase activities. Monocarboxylate transporter 8 expression was not related to the ratio of the serum over tissue concentration of the different iodothyronines. Conclusion: Our results suggest that, in addition to changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, tissue-specific mechanisms are involved in the reduced supply of bioactive thyroid hormone in critical illness.

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Body fat distribution before and after weight gain in anorexia nervosa

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/sj.ijo.0800357 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 33-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

M Zamboni ◽

F Armellini ◽

E Turcato ◽

P Todisco ◽

D Gallagher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Before And After

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Concentration of Serum Thyroid Hormone Binding Proteins after 131I Treatment of Hyperthyroidism

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456328101800404 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 211-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John S Harrop ◽

Malcolm R Hopton ◽

John H Lazarus

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Binding Proteins ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Hormone Binding ◽

Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽

131I Treatment ◽

Before And After ◽

Hormone Binding Protein ◽

Serum Thyroid Hormone

Serum concentrations of the thyroid hormone binding proteins, thyroxine binding globulin, prealbumin, and albumin were determined in 30 thyrotoxic patients before and after 131I treatment. Each patient was placed into one of three groups according to response to treatment. The serum concentration of all three proteins rose significantly in 10 patients who became euthyroid, and a greater increase was seen in 10 patients who developed hypothyroidism. There was no significant change in thyroid hormone binding protein concentrations in 10 subjects who remained hyperthyroid. Changes in the concentration of thyroid hormone binding proteins should be borne in mind when total thyroid hormone concentrations are used to monitor the progress of patients receiving treatment for hyperthyroidism.

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