scholarly journals Intestinal absorption of medium chain fatty acids: in vivo studies in pigs devoid of exocrine pancreatic secretion

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Guillot ◽  
P. Lemarchal ◽  
T. Dhorne ◽  
A. Rerat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Medium Chain

In order to study the influence of pancreatic enzyme secretion on the intestinal absorption of mediumchain fatty acids (MCFA), three growing pigs (mean body-weight 61 kg) with ligated and severed pancreatic ducts were fitted with a permanent fistula in the duodenum and with two catheters in the portal vein and carotid artery respectively. An electromagnetic flow probe was also set up around the portal vein. A mixture of octanoic and decanoic acids, esterified as medium-chain triacylglycerols, together with maltose dextrine and a nitrogenous fraction was continuously infused for 1 h into the duodenum. Samples of blood were withdrawn from the two vessels at regular intervals of time for 8 h and further analysed for their non-esterified octanoic and decanoic acid contents. The concentrations of non-esterified octanoic and decanoic acid in the portal blood increased slowly after the beginning of each infusion, reaching about 10 times higher values than the basal level. Only 26% of octanoic acid infused in the duodenum and 27% of decanoic acid were recovered in the portal flow throughout each experiment. The possible mechanisms underlying the appearance of MCFA in the portal blood in the absence of pancreatic enzyme secretions and the importance of duodenal absorption of MCT in such physiological conditions have been discussed.

scholarly journals Intestinal absorption and liver uptake of medium-chain fatty acids in non-anaesthetized pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Guillot ◽  
P. Vaugelade ◽  
P. Lemarchali ◽  
A. Re Rat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

In order to study the rate of intestinal absorption and hepatic uptake of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), six growing pigs, mean body weight 65 kg, were fitted with a permanent fistula in the duodenum and with three catheters in the portal vein, carotid artery and hepatic vein respectively. Two electromagnetic flow probes were also set up, one around the portal vein and one around the hepatic artery. A mixture of octanoic and decanoic acids, esterified as medium-chain triacylglycerols, together with maltose dextrine and a nitrogenous fraction was continuously infused for 1 h into the duodenum. Samples of blood were withdrawn from the three vessels at regular intervals for 12 h and further analysed for their non-esterified octanoic and decanoic acid contents. The concentration of non-esterified octanoic and decanoic acids in the portal blood rose sharply after the beginning of each infusion and showed a biphasic time-course with two maximum values, one after 15 min and a later one between 75 and 90 min. Only 65 % of octanoic acid infused into the duodenum and 54 % of decanoic acid were recovered in the portal flow throughout each experiment. The amounts of non-esterified MCFA taken up per h by the liver were close to those absorbed from the gut via the portal vein within the same periods of time, showing that the liver is the main site of utilization of MCFA in pigs. These results have been discussed with a special emphasis laid on the possible mechanisms of the biphasic time-course of MCFA absorption and the incomplete recovery in the portal blood of the infused fatty acids.

scholarly journals Electron microscope autoradiographic study of intestinal absorption of decanoic and octanoic acids in the rat.

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Carlier ◽  
J Bezard
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
Autoradiographic Study ◽  
Electron Microscope Autoradiography ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Intestinal absorption of [3H]octanoic acid and [3H]decanoic acid was investigated in the rat by electron microscope autoradiography. The common duct (bile and pancreatic common duct) of the rats was diverted and a loop of the duodenum was cannulated 24 h later. The lipid mixture to be investigated was introduced into each experimental loop, and after 15 min or less the loop was removed. One part of each loop was used to determine the distribution of radioactivity in different lipid fractions, and an autoradiographic study was performed on the other part of the loop. Radioactivity distribution studies confirmed that medium chain fatty acids are absorbed in their nonesterified form and established that these fatty acids are absorbed much more rapidly than oleic acid. Autoradiographic studies indicated that the medium chain fatty acids are taken up in a molecular or aggregate molecular form, leave the epithelial cells by way of the lateral plasma membrane, and are next found in the blood capillaries. Our results suggest that the Golgi complex does not play an important role in the absorption of unesterified fatty acids.

scholarly journals Structural insights into oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids and flavanone by myxobacterial cytochrome P450 CYP267B1

2018 ◽  
Vol 475 (17) ◽  
pp. 2801-2817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona K. Jóźwik ◽  
Martin Litzenburger ◽  
Yogan Khatri ◽  
Alexander Schifrin ◽  
Marco Girhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Oxidative biocatalytic reactions performed by cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are of high interest for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. CYP267B1 is a P450 enzyme from myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So ce56 displaying a broad substrate scope. In this work, a search for new substrates was performed, combined with product characterization and a structural analysis of substrate-bound complexes using X-ray crystallography and computational docking. The results demonstrate the ability of CYP267B1 to perform in-chain hydroxylations of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid) and a regioselective hydroxylation of flavanone. The fatty acids are mono-hydroxylated at different in-chain positions, with decanoic acid displaying the highest regioselectivity towards ω-3 hydroxylation. Flavanone is preferably oxidized to 3-hydroxyflavanone. High-resolution crystal structures of CYP267B1 revealed a very spacious active site pocket, similarly to other P450s capable of converting macrocyclic compounds. The pocket becomes more constricted near to the heme and is closed off from solvent by residues of the F and G helices and the B–C loop. The crystal structure of the tetradecanoic acid-bound complex displays the fatty acid bound near to the heme, but in a nonproductive conformation. Molecular docking allowed modeling of the productive binding modes for the four investigated fatty acids and flavanone, as well as of two substrates identified in a previous study (diclofenac and ibuprofen), explaining the observed product profiles. The obtained structures of CYP267B1 thus serve as a valuable prediction tool for substrate hydroxylations by this highly versatile enzyme and will encourage future selectivity changes by rational protein engineering.

scholarly journals The Divergent Immunomodulatory Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Medium Chain Fatty Acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6453
Author(s):  
Qi Hui Sam ◽  
Hua Ling ◽  
Wen Shan Yew ◽  
Zhaohong Tan ◽  
Sharada Ravikumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are derived from diet and fermentative processes by the intestinal flora. Two to five carbon chain fatty acids, termed short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are increasingly recognized to play a role in intestinal homeostasis. However, the characteristics of slightly longer 6 to 10 carbon, medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), derived primarily from diet, are less understood. Here, we demonstrated that SCFA and MCFA have divergent immunomodulatory propensities. SCFA down-attenuated host pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα response predominantly through the TLR4 pathway, whereas MCFA augmented inflammation through TLR2. Butyric (C4) and decanoic (C10) acid displayed most potent modulatory effects within the SCFA and MCFA, respectively. Reduction in TRAF3, IRF3 and TRAF6 expression were observed with butyric acid. Decanoic acid induced up-regulation of GPR84 and PPARγ and altered HIF-1α/HIF-2α ratio. These variant immune characteristics of the fatty acids which differ by just several carbon atoms may be attributable to their origins, with SCFA being primarily endogenous and playing a physiological role, and MCFA exogenously from the diet.

scholarly journals Candida auris is rendered non-viable by medium-chain fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalynne R Green ◽  
Kearney T. W. Gunsalus ◽  
Magdia De Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The medium-chain fatty acids, octanoic and decanoic acid, found in coconut oil, were fungistatic and decanoic acid was fungicidal against a panel of Candida auris strains, during both planktonic and biofilm growth. The strains were from all four major geographic clades, and some were resistant to several classes of antifungal drugs. These compounds are safe, natural products and could provide a new strategy for skin decolonization and environmental decontamination.

(omega-1)-Hydroxymonocarboxylic acids in urine of infants fed medium-chain triglycerides.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1661-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Shigematsu ◽  
T Momoi ◽  
M Sudo ◽  
Y Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acid ◽  
Decanoic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Abstract Organic acids in the urine of infants fed a formula containing medium-chain triglycerides (octanoic acid 49% and decanoic acid 26% of total fatty acids) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found a considerable amount of 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid and 7-hydroxyoctanoic acid, but no detectable 9-hydroxydecanoic acid, as well as a large amount of C6-C10-dicarboxylic acid. We believe that such acids are derived, via (omega-1)-hydroxylation, from medium-chain monocarboxylic acid or medium-chain acyl-CoA in the liver cell. The degree of (omega-1)-hydroxylation of medium-chain fatty acids relative to omega-hydroxylation apparently increases as the chain length of the fatty acids decreases.

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