The gastro-ileal digestion of 15N-labelled pea nitrogen in adult humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Gausserès ◽  
Sylvain Mahé ◽  
Robert Benamouzig ◽  
Catherine Luengo ◽  
Henriette Drouet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Intestinal Tube ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ileal Absorption ◽  
Meal Ingestion

The aim of the present study was to determine the gastro-ileal behaviour of pea protein in humans. For this purpose, twelve healthy volunteers were intubated with an intestinal tube located either in the jejunum (n 5) or in the ileum (n 7). After fasting overnight, they ingested 195 mmol N of [15N]pea. Intestinal samples were collected for 6 h in the jejunum and for 8 h in the ileum. Before meal ingestion the basal liquid flow rate (ml/min) was 2·01 (SD 0·31) in the jejunum and 2·02 (SD 0·33) in the ileum. After meal ingestion the liquid phase of the meal peaked in the 40–60 min period in the jejunum and in the 150–180 min period in the ileum. The jejmo-ileal transit time of the liquid phase of the meal was 102 min. The basal flow rate of endogenous N (mmol N/min) was 0·22 (SD 0·15) in the jejunum and 016 (SD 0·10) in the ileum. The endogenous N flow rate peaked significantly ( P < 0·05) in the jejunum in the 40–60 min period whereas no stimulation of endogenous N could be detected in the ileum after meal ingestion. A significantly increased (P < 0·05) concentration of exogenous N was detected in the jejunum during the 20–3u)lnin period and during the 9–480 min period in the iteum. The overall true gastro-ileal absorption of pea N was 894 (SD 1·1)% with 69 (SD 14)% absorbed between the stomach and the proximal jejunum and 20·4% between the proximal jejunum and the terminal ileum. The percentage of ethanol-insoluble fraction (PN) in the exogenous N at the terminal ileum increased significantly ( P < 0·05) to 75% after 360 min. These results suggest that heat-treated pea protein has a digestibility close to that of animal protein

scholarly journals Intestinal nitrogen and electrolyte movements following fermented milk ingestion in man

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Mahé ◽  
Philippe Marteau ◽  
Jean-François Huneau ◽  
François Thuillier ◽  
Daniel Tomé
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Persistent Diarrhoea ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Milk Ingestion

The present study focuses on the digestion and absorption of milk and fermented milk (FM) reflected by gastro-ileal N and electrolyte movements in six healthy volunteers. The N and electrolyte content of the intestinal effluents were analysed both at the beginning of the jejunum and in the distal ileum. The gastric half-emptying time of the liquid phase was significantly (P< 0·05) shorter for milk (35 (SE 2) min) than for FM (60 (SE 2) min). The N balance showed that 58 and 50 % of ingested proteins, milk and FM respectively were absorbed between the stomach and the proximal jejunum and that 91 and 90% respectively were absorbed between the stomach and the terminal ileum in 240 min. Evaluation of mineral absorption indicated that 44 and 67% of Ca was absorbed in the duodenum after milk and FM ingestion respectively, and 41 and 11% of Ca disappeared between the jejunum and the ileum respectively. With regards to N and Ca intestinal availability, the present study confirms that FM products represent an interesting source of N as well as minerals for man. This confers on FM a beneficial effect compared with milk especially for lactase (EC3.2.1. 108)–deficient subjects and children with persistent diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Effect of Fluid Flow on the Corrosion Performance of as-Cast and Heat-Treated Nickel Aluminum Bronze Alloy (UNS C95800) in Saline Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Jafari ◽  
Ali Davoodi ◽  
Saman Hosseinpour
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Aluminum Bronze ◽  
Nickel Aluminum ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Nickel Aluminum Bronze

In this work, the corrosion behavior and surface reactivity of as-cast and heat-treated nickel aluminum bronze casting alloy (UNS C95800) in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is investigated under stagnant and flow conditions. Increasing flow rate conditions are simulated using a rotating disk electrode from 0 to 9000 revolutions per minute (rpm). Optical micrographs confirm the decrease in the phase fraction of corrosion-sensitive β phase in the microstructure of C95800 after annealing, which, in turn, enhances the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Electrochemical studies including open circuit potentiometry, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are performed to assess the effect of flow rate and heat treatment on the corrosion of samples at 25 and 40 °C in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. For both as-cast and heat-treated samples, increasing the flow rate (i.e., electrode rotating rate) linearly reduces the corrosion resistance, indicating that the metal dissolution rate is significantly affected by hydrodynamic flow. Increasing the solution temperature negatively impacts the corrosion behavior of the as-cast and heat-treated samples at all flow conditions.

A Gas Chromatographic Column for Pesticide Residue Analysis: Retention Times and Response Data

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-385
Author(s):  
Jerry A Burke ◽  
Wendell Holswade
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pesticide Residue Analysis ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Relative Retention ◽  
Injection Temperature

Abstract DC-200 and QF-1 have been combined as the liquid phase in a GLC column to give a different elution of pesticides from the nonpolar methyl silicones now in wide use. The column packing consists of intimately mixed, equal portions of previously coated 80/100 mesh Gas Chrom Q: one portion with 15% QF-1 and the other with 10% DC-200. Operating conditions for a 6 ft × 4 mm i.d. column are as follows: column temperature, 200°C; injection temperature, 225°C; and flow rate, 120 ml N2/min. Relative retention times and response data for electron capture and microcoulometric GLC systems are tabulated for over 85 pesticide chemicals.

Structural Characterization and Analysis of Glasses in the Al2O3-B2O3-Fe2O3-Na2O-SiO2 System

2013 ◽  
Vol 1518 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
S.V. Stefanovsky ◽  
B.S. Nikonov ◽  
B.I. Omelyanenko ◽  
K.M. Fox ◽  
J.C. Marra
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Sio2 System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

ABSTRACTGlasses in the Al2O3-B2O3-Fe2O3-Na2O-SiO2 system were produced at a temperature of 1150 °C, annealed, and examined using XRD and SEM/EDX. Surfaces of same samples were additionally heat-treated and etched with HCl. The pristine samples were X-ray amorphous and rather homogeneous except the B1 sample that contained trace crystalline phases of carnegieite/nepheline and spinel. Corrosion of these glasses via an etching treatment proceeds by a conventional mechanism with damage of their surface layers, however, the B2 glass exhibits a “drop-type” microstructure after etching that suggests occurrence of liquid-liquid phase separation.

Americium(III)/curium(III) separation by countercurrent chromatography using malonamide extractants

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Myasoedov ◽  
T. A. Maryutina ◽  
M. N. Litvina ◽  
D. A. Malikov ◽  
Yu. M. Kulyako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Countercurrent Chromatography ◽  
Column Length ◽  
Isocratic Elution ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Phase Retention

AbstractThe separation of Am(III) and Cm(III) by countercurrent chromatography (CCC) was achieved using the liquid phase systems "diamide–hydrogenated tetrapropylene (TPH)–HNOThe following diamide extractants have been studied: (i) N,N´-dimethyl-N,N´-dibutyltetradecylmalonamide (DMDBTDMA), (ii) N,N´-dimethyl-N,N´-dioctylhexyl-ethoxymalonamide (DMDOHEMA) and (iii) N,N´-dimethyl-N,N´-dibutyldodecylethoxymalonamide (DMDBDDEMA). It is shown that these diamides can be used for the separation of Am(III) and Cm(III) by CCC. Increasing the column length leads to an increase of the stationary phase retention on the column while improving the Am/Cm separation. Increasing the speed of rotation of the centrifuge from 660 to 950 rpm also results in increasing the stationary phase retention but does not influence the resolution of the Am/Cm separation. Decreasing the flow rate of the mobile phase from 1.0 to 0.5 mL/min leads to a better resolution of Am and Cm separation. The best Am/Cm separation was achieved with systems based on DMDBDDEMA and DMDOHEMA in TPH using a two-layer coil column and an isocratic elution mode. The application of CCC makes it possible to separate the elements within 100 min: the Cm fraction contains 99.5% of Cm(III) and 0.6% of Am(III) inventories and the Am fraction contains 99.4% of Am(III) and 0.5% of Cm(III).

Influence of the Microstructure on Macro/Micro versus Nanohardness of SiC Ceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kovalčíková ◽  
Ján Dusza ◽  
Pavol Šajgalík
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Sic Ceramics ◽  
Peak Loads ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Indentation Tests ◽  
Sintered Silicon

The influence of microstructural variations on the macro/microhardness, nanohardness and Young`s modulus of liquid phase sintered silicon carbide (LPS SiC) has been observed. In order to modify the microstructures some samples were further heat treated at 1850°C for 5 hours to promote grain growth. The depth-sensing indentation tests of SiC materials were performed at several peak loads in the range 10-400 mN. For a better assessment, the indentation values of hardness and Young`s modulus modulus of SiC matrix were also compared to the hardness and Elastic modulus of individual SiC grains. The comparison of macro/micro and nanohardness showed that nanohardness was significantly higher, generally by 6-7 GPa. The nanohardness of individual plate-like SiC grains was around 2 GPa higher than nanohardness of SiC matrix.

scholarly journals STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF STOCHASTIC DISTURBANCES ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF AMIDOSULFONIC ACID

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Hai Xuan Le
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Stochastic Disturbances ◽  
System Operating ◽  
Important Objective ◽  
Equipment System

This paper introduces a method that simulates the negative impact that the stochastic disturbances may have on the desired operation for the reactors in chemical engineering. The results obtained in our research, with emphasis on the precipitation of poly-dispersive heterogeneous particles from liquid phase containing amidosulfonic acid, indicate that chaotic changes of input parameters such as volumetric flow rate Vin (1) , oversaturation Sc , … caused to seriously reduce effect of the crystallization process. Therefore suppressing the influence of stochastic disturbances on a process is the important objective for an equipment system operating with poly-dispersive heterogeneous phases.

scholarly journals CO₂ STRIPPING FROM DIETHANOLAMINE USING MEMBRANE CONTACTORS: MODEL VALIDATION AND MEMBRANE WETTABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Mohammed ◽  
Omar S. Lateef ◽  
Ghassan H. Abdullah ◽  
A. L. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Co Stripping ◽  
Sweeping Gas ◽  
Membrane Contactors ◽  
The Impact

In the present work, CO2 desorption (stripping) from diethanolamine (DEA) solution using polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane contactor is theoretically investigated. A comprehensive two dimensional mathematical model is developed to evaluate the membrane wettability when DEA solution is used at different operating conditions such as sweeping gas flow rate, initial CO2 loading and liquid phase temperature. In addition, the impact of flow rate of liquid phase on the CO2 stripping performance was theoretically investigated. The simulated results were compared with the experimental data obtained from literature. The results revealed that the PVDF membrane was suffered from wetting at studied operating conditions.

Tem studies of partially crystallized Y-Si-Al-O-N glasses

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
R.S. Rai ◽  
T.R. Dinger ◽  
G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Oxynitride Glass ◽  
Crystallization Of Glass

Although Si3N4 has many attractive refractory properties some limitations occur due to intergranular oxynitride glass phases that result from liquid phase sintering with oxide additions. Hence it is of fundamental and technical importance that a more detailed understanding of such glasses and possible crystallization behavior is obtained.This research is being done on a series of compositions of Y-Si-Al-O-N which can be made as glasses and subsequently heat treated to promote crystallization. Here the results of crystallization (of glass Y.26Si.30Al.11ON.11) leading to Y2Si2O7 crystals of different forms is described. Specimens for electron microscopic observations were prepared by ion milling followed by a thin layer of carbon and examined by conventional TEM, CBED, EDXS and at atomic resolution in the Berkeley ARM.

scholarly journals Digestion of milk, fish and soya-bean protein in the preruminant calf: flow of digesta, apparent digestibility at the end of the ileum and amino acid composition of ileal digesta

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Guilloteau ◽  
R. Toullec ◽  
J. F. Grongnet ◽  
P. Patureau-Mirand ◽  
J. Prugnaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Bacterial Proteins ◽  
The Mean

1. Digesta were collected from eleven preruminant calves fitted with re-entrant (four calves in Expt 1 and three in Expt 2) or single cannulas (four calves in Expt 1) in the terminal ileum. Collection periods lasted 24 h (Expt 1) or 96 h (Expt 2).2. Two milk-substitutes (fish and soya bean) and a control diet were given to the calves. In the control diet, protein was entirely provided by skim-milk powder. In the other two diets, protein was provided mainly by a partially hydrolysed white-fish protein concentrate or a soya-bean protein concentrate prepared by extracting soya-bean meal with hot aqueous ethanol.3. In Expt 1, flow rates of fresh matter, dry matter, nitrogen and ash exhibited two maxima between 6 and 8 h after the morning meal and between 4 and 6 h (control and soya-bean diets) or 6 and 8 h (fish diet) after the evening meal. Minimum pH values were observed at times of maximum flow rate. Variations observed in the flow rates and pH values were larger with fish and especially soya-bean diets than with the control diet.4. The apparent digestibility of the three diets in the terminal ileum was significantly higher in Expt 2 than in Expt 1: for N, the values were 0.92, 0.83 and 0.75 (Expt l), and 0.94, 0.87 and 0.88 (Expt 2) with the control, fish and soya-bean diets respectively.5. The amount of N apparently absorbed in the terminal ileum represented 90–96% of the amount that disappeared from the whole digestive tract in Expt 1 and 95–99% in Expt 2.6. In Expt 1 the amino acid (AA) composition of digesta changed little with the flow rate when the calves were given the control diet (from 158 to 179 g glutamic acid/kg AA). With the fish and soya-bean diets the AA composition was similar to that observed with the control diet when the flow rate was minimum, but differences became apparent as the flow rate increased (281 and 161 g glutamic acid/kg AA for the soya-bean and control diets respectively with maximum flow rate). In Expt 2, the mean compositions of the digesta were very similar to the means obtained in Expt 1.7. Different comparisons with dietary, endogenous and bacterial proteins indicated that for the three diets a common mixture containing approximately 65% endogenous and 35 % bacterial proteins reached the terminal ileum. The quantity of dietary protein added to this mixture appeared to be very low with the control diet, but it increased with the flow rate in the case of the fish and soya-bean diets.8. In Expt 2, the additional undigested protein in the small intestine was richer in glycine with the fish diet and in glutamic acid and aspartic acid with the soya-bean diet compared with the control diet. This undigested fraction probably originated mainly from the fish solubles and the glycinin of soya bean respectively.9. With the control diet the apparent digestibility of threonine and cystine was always lower than the mean value for all AA while that of methionine was higher (0.92, 0.82 and 0.96 respectively). Digestibility of all AA was higher for the control diet than corresponding values for the fish and soya-bean diets; these differences were greatest for histidine with the fish diet (–0.11) and for glutamic acid with the soya-bean diet (–0.13).

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