Cholesterol lowering in pigs through enhanced bacterial bile salt hydrolase activity

The effect of feeding liveLactobacillus reutericells containing active bile salt hydrolase (BSH) on plasma cholesterol levels was studied in pigs. During an experiment lasting 13 weeks, twenty pigs were fed on a high-fat, high-cholesterol, low-fibre diet for the first 10 weeks, and a regular pig diet for the last 3 weeks. One group of animals received, twice daily, 11·25 (SD 0·16) log10colony forming units of the potential probiotic bacteria for 4 weeks (from week 3 until week 7). From week 8 onwards, the treated group was again fed on the same diet as the control group without additions. The total faecalLactobacilluscounts were only significantly higher in the treated pigs during the first 2 weeks ofL. reuterifeeding. Based on limited data, it was suggested that the administeredLactobacillusspecies had caused a temporary shift within the indigenousLactobacilluspopulation rather than permanently colonizing the intestinal tract. The probiotic feeding brought about significant lowering (P≤ 0·05) of total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the treated pigs compared with the control pigs, while no change in HDL-cholesterol concentration was observed. The data for faecal output of neutral sterols and bile salts were highly variable between the animals of each group, yet they indicated an increased output in the treated pigs. Although the blood cholesterol levels went up in both groups during the 3 weeks following theLactobacillusadministration period, significantly lower serum total and LDL-cholesterol levels were observed in the treated pigs. During the final 3 weeks of normalization to the regular diet, cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in both animal groups and the differences in total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations between the groups largely disappeared.

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Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase-activeLactobacillus reuteriNCIMB 30242 yoghurt formulation in hypercholesterolaemic adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511004703 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (10) ◽

pp. 1505-1513 ◽

Cited By ~ 151

Author(s):

Mitchell L. Jones ◽

Christopher J. Martoni ◽

Mathieu Parent ◽

Satya Prakash

Keyword(s):

Bile Salt ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽

No Reduction ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽

Double Blind ◽

Multi Centre Study ◽

Cholesterol Lowering ◽

Improved Strain

Several studies have reported limited or no reduction in serum cholesterol in response to probiotic formulations. Recently, probiotics have shown promise in treating metabolic disease due to improved strain selection and delivery technologies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a yoghurt formulation containing microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-activeLactobacillus reuteriNCIMB 30242, taken twice per d over 6 weeks, in hypercholesterolaemic adults. A total of 114 subjects completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, parallel-arm, multi-centre study. This interventional study included a 2-week washout, 2-week run-in and 6-week treatment period. Subjects were randomised to consume either yoghurts containing microencapsulatedL. reuteriNCIMB 30242 or placebo yoghurts. Over the intervention period, subjects consuming yoghurts containing microencapsulatedL. reuteriNCIMB 30242 attained significant reductions in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) of 8·92 % (P = 0·016), total cholesterol (TC) of 4·81 % (P = 0·031) and non-HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) of 6·01 % (P = 0·029) over placebo, and a significant absolute change in apoB-100 of − 0·19 mmol/l (P = 0·049). Serum concentrations of TAG and HDL-C were unchanged over the course of the study. Present results show that consumption of microencapsulated BSH-activeL. reuteriNCIMB 30242 yoghurt is efficacious and safe for lowering LDL-C, TC, apoB-100 and non-HDL-C in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. The efficacy of microencapsulated BSH-activeL. reuteriNCIMB 30242 yoghurts appears to be superior to traditional probiotic therapy and akin to that of other cholesterol-lowering ingredients.

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Fat in animal products: facts and perceptions

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00001300 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 57-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. J. Gibney

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Antioxidant Vitamins ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Antioxidant Vitamin

AbstractEarly research in man at the end of the fifties and beginning of the sixties indicated that the composition of dietary fat influenced plasma cholesterol levels. In effect this research showed that plasma cholesterol was raised by saturated fatty acids (SFA), was lowered by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and was not influenced by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Within the SFA it was also observed that the greater the chain length, the lesser the cholesterol raising effect. A quantitative relationship between the change in blood cholesterol (ΔC) resultant from changes in the percentage energy from SFA (ΔS) and PUFA (ΔP) was established as ΔC = 1.3 (2ΔS − ΔP). For the ensuing tivo decades this association dominated nutrition education programmes with the message that ‘saturates or animal fats raise blood cholesterol and polyunsaturates or vegetable oils lower blood cholesterol’.In the 1980s it became evident that the two main fractions of blood cholesterol yielded different risks for coronary heart disease. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol raised the risk and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol lowered the risk. Earlier work on the qualitative effect of dietary fat was now repeated to examine the direction of change of the LDL and HDL subfractions of plasma cholesterol. Broadly speaking these data showed that SFA raised LDL cholesterol and had little effect on HDL cholesterol. PUFA lowered LDL cholesterol but when the intake was high, also lowered HDL cholesterol. Whilst this summarizes events leading up to current thinking on dietary fats and blood cholesterol, it is likely in the near future to be linked to another area of research involving the antioxidant vitamins and pro-vitamins (vitamin E, vitamin C and β-carotene). A growing body of data in the literature indicates a protective effect of antioxidant vitamins in epidemiological trials.Notwithstanding these findings, it is likely that dietary advice will continue to seek a lowering of SFA intake. PUFA intake will be capped and MUFA intake will be a more acceptable alternative. However, with increasing emphasis on antioxidant vitamin status, such advice is likely to be coupled with advice on increased consumption of fruit and vegetables.

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Pengaruh propolis terhadap profil lipid plasma tikus model hiperkolesterolemia

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.17600 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Krisnansari Diah ◽

Ariadne Tiara Hapsari ◽

Evy Sulistyoningrum ◽

Agus Prastowo

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Group I ◽

Before And After

Background: Nowadays, cardiovascular disease caused by hypercholesterolemia has become the main cause of death. Propolis has been used widely to reduce plasma cholesterol levels.Objective: The aims of this research was to study the effect of propolis on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic Sprague Dawley rats.Method: This was an experimental study with pre-post test. Twenty four (24) male Sprague Dawley rats aged 12-16 week old, weighing 125-200 g were allocated into 4 groups. Group I received standard meal + aquadest-gavage; group II received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + aquadest gavage; group III received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + 0,027 g propolis gavage; group IV received high cholesterol meal + PTU 0,01 + 0,054 g propolis gavage. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels before and after treatment were measured. The data were then analyzed with One Way Anova.Results: The study showed that there were no significant differences in changes of body weight. There were significant differences in total cholesterol levels between all groups of treatment. Triglyceride levels were significantly different among all groups, except between group I and IV. Furthermore, the HDL cholesterol levels of group I vs III and group I vs IV were significantly different. However, there were no differences found in LDL cholesterol levels among all groups of treatment.Conclusion: Provision of 0,027 g and 0,054 g propolis improve lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels) of hypercholesterolemic rats.

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Abstract WP415: Desirable LDL-cholesterol Levels For Preventing Stroke Recurrence -Subanalysis of J-STARS

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.wp415 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Naohisa Hosomi ◽

Yoji Nagai ◽

Kazuo Kitagawa ◽

Shiro Aoki ◽

Tomohisa Nezu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Reduction ◽

Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Statin Treatment ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Stroke Recurrence ◽

Control Group ◽

Vascular Events ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Observation Period

Background & Aims: The risk reduction of major vascular events per 1.0 mmol/L further reduction in LDL-cholesterol did not depend on the baseline LDL-cholesterol concentration. However, the desirable LDL-cholesterol level for preventing stroke recurrence has still not been defined. To define desirable LDL-cholesterol levels for preventing stroke recurrence, subanalysis was made on J-STARS. Methods: In J-STARS, patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke (atherothrombotic infarction, lacunar infarction, infarction of undetermined etiology) were randomized into the pravastatin group (10 mg/day, n=793) or the control group (n=785) received no statin treatment. The primary endpoint was the recurrence of stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). The subjects were divided based on tertile of LDL-cholesterol at enrollment, mean during observation period, just before the event, and their differences. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) were analyzed for each tertile adjusting the factors that showed inter-group differences, including age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, duration until an enrollment following stroke events, and the usage of statin. Reference was set at the highest tertile. Results: Adjusted HR of stroke and TIA lowered in accordance with the reduction of LDL-cholesterol from enrollment both to mean during observation period and to just before the event (p<0.001 and <0.001 for trend). The occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage showed a significantly low relative risk in the middle tertile of LDL-cholesterol reduction (2.0 to 28.0 mg/dl) from enrollment to just before the event (adjusted HR 0.15 [95%CI 0.03, 0.68]). But, this risk reduction of intracranial hemorrhage was diminished in the lowest tertile. And, a relatively high risk of intracranial hemorrhage was observed in the lowest tertile of LDL-cholesterol (less than 101.0 mg/dl) just before the event (2.68 [0.82, 8.77]). Conclusions: The composite risk of stroke and TIA reduced according to the reduction of LDL-cholesterol adjusting the statin usage. The risk of intracranial hemorrhage reduced with mild reduction of LDL-cholesterol, but not when LDL-cholesterol reduced more than 28.0 mg/dl. (NCT00221104)

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Milk minerals modify the effect of fat intake on serum lipid profile: results from an animal and a human short-term study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513003826 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 111 (8) ◽

pp. 1412-1420 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Janne K. Lorenzen ◽

Søren K. Jensen ◽

Arne Astrup

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Control Period ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Milk Minerals

Despite a high content of saturated fat, evidence from observational studies indicates that the consumption of dairy products may have a neutral effect or may be inversely associated with the risk of CVD. We aimed to examine whether milk minerals modify the effect of saturated fat on serum lipid profile. We present data from two studies. Study I had a randomised, blinded, parallel design (n 24 pigs) with a 10 d adaptation period during which a high-fat diet was fed to the pigs and a 14 d intervention period during which the same diet either enriched with milk minerals (MM group) or placebo (control group) was fed to the pigs. Study II had a randomised cross-over design (n 9 men) where the subjects were fed either a high-fat diet enriched with milk minerals (MM period) or a regular diet (control period). In both the studies, blood variables were measured before and after the intervention and faecal and urine samples were collected at the end of the dietary periods. The increase in plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations but not in HDL-cholesterol concentration was markedly lowered by milk minerals in both the studies. In the animal study, baseline adjusted total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the MM group were 11 % (P= 0·004) and 13 % (P= 0·03) lower compared with those in the control group after the intervention. Similarly in the human study, baseline adjusted total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 6 % (P= 0·002) and 9 % (P= 0·03) lower after the MM period compared with those in the control period. HDL-cholesterol concentration was not lowered by milk minerals. These short-term studies indicate that the addition of milk minerals to a high-fat diet to some extent attenuates the increase in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, without affecting HDL-cholesterol concentration.

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Antioxidant supplementation and serum lipids in patients with Graves' disease: Effect on LDL-cholesterol

Acta Pharmaceutica ◽

10.2478/v10007-012-0005-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 115-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vesna Vrca ◽

Ljiljana Mayer ◽

Franjo Škreb ◽

Dario Rahelić ◽

Srećko Marušić

Keyword(s):

Serum Lipids ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Test Group ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Antioxidant Supplementation ◽

Disease Effect

Antioxidant supplementation and serum lipids in patients with Graves' disease: Effect on LDL-cholesterol The effect of supplementation with a fixed combination of antioxidants (beta-carotene, selenium, vitamins C and E) on serum lipids was monitored in patients with newly detected Graves' disease. Measurements were made prior to the commencement of therapy and after 30 and 60 days. Patients were randomized into two groups. Test group comprised patients who received antioxidant supplementation in addition to methimazole, while patients treated with methimazole only were in the control group. The concentration of total and HDL-cholesterol increased significantly in test and control groups (p < 0.05) but these groups did not differ significantly. Concentration of LDL-cholesterol increased significantly in the test group only (p < 0.005) and was significantly different from the control group 60 days after the commencement of therapy (p < 0.005). Significant increase in the LDL-cholesterol concentration in the test group requires further investigations.

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NIGELLA SATIVA (KALONJI)

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.01.1882 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (01) ◽

pp. 142-146

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD ANWAR BURIRO ◽

MUHAMMAD TAYYAB ◽

ALLAH DITTA

Keyword(s):

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Total Serum ◽

Control Group ◽

Total Serum Cholesterol ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Cholesterol Levels

The increased level of LDL-c in the serum has a high risk and the increased serum HDL-c level has a low risk for the development of atherosclerosis. The effect of Nigella Sativa on levels of cholesterol fractions were determined in this study on rats. Methods: 24 albino rats of 08 weeks age having equal number of males and females were kept at optimum atmospheric condition. The blood samples were taken at the start and different control and experimental diets were given for 24 weeks. The experimental diets were added with Nigella Sativa as 30 mg/kg body weight. The blood samples were taken at the end of study. The blood samples drawn at the start and end of the study were estimated for serum cholesterol. The results of control and experimental groups were compared. Results: Total serum cholesterol in the control group showed increase from 8.3±3.30 to 13.96±9.3 at 24 weeks. The serum HDL cholesterol showed increase from 44.4±6.12 to 80.45±5.95 level at 24 weeks. The serum LDL cholesterol showed increase from 8.3±3.30 to 13.96±9.3 at 24 weeks. The total serum cholesterol in experimental group was increased from 76.9±6.5 to 117.5± 6.65 at 24 weeks. The serum HDL cholesterol levels was increased from 41.7±4.9 to 83.42±5.92 at 24 weeks as compared with control group. The LDL cholesterol levels were decreased from 12.7±6.9 to 8.5±7.8 at 24 weeks. Conclusions: This study shows significant decrease in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and increase in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

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Dietary Fresh and Boiled Mangkokan Leaves (Nothopanax Scutellarius) Normalized Body Weight, Serum Lipid Profile and Malondialdehyde in Metabolic Syndrome Rats

Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal ◽

10.12944/crnfsj.8.3.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 889-902

Author(s):

Devi Elvina Rachma ◽

Retno Murwani ◽

Achmad Zulfa Juniarto

Keyword(s):

Normal Control ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Normal Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

High Fructose

The antioxidant activity of Nothopanax scutellarius (Burm. f.) Merr, an edible plant, can prevent oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, our research aimed to study the effect of dietary inclusion of fresh or boiled N. scutellarius on body weight and biochemical markers of Wistar rats with MetS. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups, i.e., normal control group, high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFFD) group, fresh N. scutellarius (FNs) group, and boiled N. scutellarius (BNs) group. The normal control group was fed only a standard diet during the entire experiment. High-fat and high-fructose (HFHFr) diet accompanied with 20% fructose in drinking water to induce MetS was given to the HFFD, FNs, and BNs groups for 29 days. This was followed by a 29-day intervention diet in which standard normal diet, fresh N. scutellarius-containing standard diet, and boiled N. scutellarius-containing standard diet were given to the HFFD, FNs, and BNs groups, respectively. HFHFr diet significantly (p<0.05) raised fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and significantly (p<0.05) reduced HDL-cholesterol. After 29 days on the intervention diet, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels were found to decrease, and HDL-cholesterol levels were found to increase significantly (p<0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that dietary intake of N. scutellarius for 29 days can improve MetS components, i.e., FBG, serum lipid profile, and MDA, similar to those seen in rats on a normal control diet.

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A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Study of the Effects of a Nutraceutical Combination (LEVELIP DUO®) on LDL Cholesterol Levels and Lipid Pattern in Subjects with Sub-Optimal Blood Cholesterol Levels (NATCOL Study)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3127

Author(s):

Arrigo F.G. Cicero ◽

Sergio D’Addato ◽

Claudio Borghi

Keyword(s):

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Red Yeast Rice ◽

Double Blind ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Red Yeast ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Double Blinded

Phytosterols and red yeast rice are largely studied cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals, respectively inhibiting the bowel absorption and liver synthesis of cholesterol. Our aim was to test the effect of combined nutraceutical-containing phytosterols and red yeast rice vs. a placebo on the lipid profile. We performed a parallel arms, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, randomizing 88 moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects to treatment with a combined nutraceutical containing phytosterols (800 mg) and red yeast rice, standardized to contain 5 mg of monacolins from Monascus purpureus, with added niacin (27 mg) and policosanols (10 mg) (LEVELIP DUO®), or placebo. The mean LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) change at Week 8 was −32.5 ± 30.2 mg/dL (−19.8%) in the combined nutraceutical group and 2.5 ± 19.4 mg/dL (2.3%) in the placebo group. The estimated between-group difference of −39.2 mg/dL (95% CI: −48.6; −29.8) indicates a statistically significant difference between treatments in favor of the combined nutraceutical (p < 0.0001). Total Cholesterol (TC), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), Apolipoprotein B, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C improved in a similar way in the combined nutraceutical group only. No significant changes in other clinical and laboratory parameters were observed. In conclusion, the tested combined nutraceutical was well tolerated, while significantly reducing the plasma levels of LDL-C, TC, non-HDL-C, ApoB, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios in mildly hypercholesterolemic patients. Trial registration (ClinicalTrials.gov): NCT03739242.

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Lime-treated maize husks lower plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in normal and hypercholesterolaemic adult men from northern Mexico

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114599000525 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 281-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Reyna Luz Vidal-Quintanar ◽

Reyna Luz Mendívil ◽

Mireya Peña ◽

Maria Luz Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Lower Plasma ◽

North West ◽

Cholesterol Levels

Lime-treated maize husks (LTCH), a by-product of tortilla manufacturing in Mexico, have been shown to decrease plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in guinea-pigs by specific alterations in hepatic cholesterol metabolism. To determine whether LTCH would also lower plasma cholesterol levels in normal and hyperlipidaemic individuals, the fibre content of a typical diet was increased by supplementing free-living subjects in North-West Mexico with cookies containing 450 g LTCH/kg. Normal subjects (n11) with plasma cholesterol levels of less than 5·7 mmol/l and hypercholesterolaemic subjects (n12) with plasma cholesterol levels higher than 5·7 mmol/l participated in the study. Plasma glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, LDL: HDL values and blood pressure were determined at baseline and after 6 weeks of supplementation with LTCH. LTCH supplementation significantly lowered the plasma total cholesterol level by 11–15 % and LDL-cholesterol by 25 %, and improved the LDL: HDL value by 29–33 % (P< 0·01) in both normal and hypercholesterolaemic subjects. HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose concentrations did not change. Both groups consumed equal amounts of LTCH per week; individuals showed excellent compliance and good acceptance of the product. Neither group changed their dietary habits during the time of the experiment as determined by 3 d dietary records at baseline and at week 6. We conclude that LTCH supplements are suitable to increase fibre intake and reduce plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in healthy and hypercholesterolaemic subjects in this population.

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