scholarly journals Effect of different varieties of pectin and guar gum on plasma, hepatic and biliary lipids and cholesterol gallstone formation in hamsters fed on high-cholesterol diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke A. Trautwein ◽  
Angelika Kunath-Rau ◽  
Helmut F. Erbersdobler
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Biliary Lipids ◽  
Faecal Weight

The effect of high- (hePE) and low- (lePE) esterification pectin and high- (hvGG) and low-(lvGG) viscosity guar gum on plasma, hepatic and biliary lipids and on prevention of cholesterol gallstones was investigated in male golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Hamsters were fed on cholesterol-rich (4g/kg), gallstone-inducing diets for 6 weeks. The diets were supplemented with 80g hePE, lePE, hvGG or lvGG/kg or 80g additional cellulose/kg. No significant differences in plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations between hvGG and lvGG and the gallstone-inducing or cellulose-enriched diets were observed. The hePE diet produced a 16% (non-significant) reduction in total plasma cholesterol but significantly decreased the plasma triacylglycerol level by 45%. The lePE diet caused only minor changes in plasma lipids. Hepatic cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in hamsters fed on hvGG, lvGG, hePE or lePE primarily due to the accumulation of esterified cholesterol. Supersaturated bile samples, with lithogenic indices ranging from 1.6 to 2.0, were determined with all diets. The hePE and lePE diets slightly altered the bile acid profile by increasing glycocholic acid and decreasing taurochenodeoxycholic acid concentrations resulting in a higher cholic: chenodeoxycholic acid ratio. Cholesterol gallstone formation was not substantially inhibited by the two varieties of pectin and guar gum. The hvGG, lvGG, hePE and lePE diets did not alter faecal weight and caused only minor increases in faecal bile acid excretion. In general, the present findings demonstrate that dietary pectins and guar gums had only minor effects on cholesterol metabolism and did not prevent cholesterol gallstone formation in this hamster model. Possible explanations for this lack of a distinct response to pectin and guar gum are discussed.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota promotes cholesterol gallstone formation by modulating bile acid composition and biliary cholesterol secretion

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Hu ◽  
Wentao Shao ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Qihan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Hepatic Expression

AbstractCholesterol gallstone disease is a worldwide common disease. Cholesterol supersaturation in gallbladder bile is the prerequisite for its pathogenesis, while the mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, we find enrichment of gut microbiota (especially Desulfovibrionales) in patients with gallstone disease. Fecal transplantation of gut microbiota from gallstone patients to gallstone-resistant strain of mice can induce gallstone formation. Carrying Desulfovibrionales is associated with enhanced cecal secondary bile acids production and increase of bile acid hydrophobicity facilitating intestinal cholesterol absorption. Meanwhile, the metabolic product of Desulfovibrionales, H2S increase and is shown to induce hepatic FXR and inhibit CYP7A1 expression. Mice carrying Desulfovibrionales present induction of hepatic expression of cholesterol transporters Abcg5/g8 to promote biliary secretion of cholesterol as well. Our study demonstrates the role of gut microbiota, Desulfovibrionales, as an environmental regulator contributing to gallstone formation through its influence on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Link between Nuclear Receptor Function and Cholesterol Gallstone Formation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Carmen Vázquez ◽  
Attilio Rigotti ◽  
Silvana Zanlungo
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Receptor Function ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Bile Cholesterol

Cholesterol gallstone disease is highly prevalent in western countries, particularly in women and some specific ethnic groups. The formation of water-insoluble cholesterol crystals is due to a misbalance between the three major lipids present in the bile: cholesterol, bile salts, and phospholipids. Many proteins implicated in biliary lipid secretion in the liver are regulated by several transcription factors, including nuclear receptors LXR and FXR. Human and murine genetic, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological evidence is consistent with the relevance of these nuclear receptors in gallstone formation. In addition, there is emerging data that also suggests a role for estrogen receptor ESR1 in abnormal cholesterol metabolism leading to gallstone disease. A better comprehension of the role of nuclear receptor function in gallstone formation may help to design new and more effective therapeutic strategies for this highly prevalent disease condition.

EBHU18, a novel derivative of fatty acid bile acid conjugates, prevents cholesterol gallstone formation in experimental mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3382-3389
Author(s):  
Lei Yu ◽  
Yan-Fang Jiang ◽  
Lei Sun ◽  
Bo-Hua Zhong ◽  
Jun-Qi Niu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Gallstone Formation

scholarly journals Sex differences in blood pressure of aged Ren-2 transgenic rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
H. Rauchová ◽  
S. Hojná ◽  
M. Kadlecová ◽  
I. Vaněčková ◽  
J. Zicha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Transgenic Rats ◽  
Direct Puncture

Sex-related differences were observed not only in human but also in experimental hypertension. The aim of our study was to compare blood pressure (BP) of aged male and female heterozygous transgenic rats (TGR) harboring Ren-2 mouse gene, with their normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) controls. At the age of 9 months, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured by a direct puncture of carotid artery in rats awaking from isoflurane anesthesia. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) formation was monitored as indicator of lipid peroxidation damage in heart, kidney and liver, whereas intracellular content of reduced glutathione was determined in the same organs as the main intracellular antioxidant. Furthermore, plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol as well as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions of cholesterol were measured. As compared to HanSD rats, we found significantly elevated BP only in male TGR (MAP: 123±1 vs. 171±5, SBP: 150±2 vs. 208±7, and DBP: 99±3 vs. 140±4 mm Hg), but not between TGR and HanSD females, which were both normotensive. We also did not find any significant differences in TBARS and reduced glutathione in the three above mentioned organs as well as in plasma cholesterol or its HDL and LDL fractions between transgene-negative HanSD and TGR animals of either sex. However, we found significant sex differences in TBARS, glutathione and plasma lipids in both rat strains. Our results confirmed that aged TGR exhibit a marked sexual BP dimorphism, which does not seem to be dependent on oxidative stress or abnormal cholesterol metabolism.

Abstract 347: Water-soluble Components of Sesame Oil Reduces Inflammation and Atherosclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu ◽  
Krithika Selvarajan ◽  
Kathryn Burge ◽  
Dmitry Litvinov ◽  
Bhaswati Sengupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gene Analysis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Atherosclerosis, a major form of cardiovascular disease, has now been recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease. Non-pharmacological means of treating chronic diseases have gained attention recently. We previously reported that the sesame oil aqueous extract (SOAE) has anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we have determined whether SOAE has anti-atherosclerotic properties, and mechanisms by which it might modulate atherosclerosis by identifying genes and inflammatory markers. Methods and results: Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/-) female mice were fed with either high fat diet or high fat diet supplemented with SOAE. Plasma lipids and atherosclerotic lesions were quantified after 3 months of feeding. Plasma samples were used for global cytokine array. RNA was extracted from the liver tissue and the aorta and used for gene analysis. The SOAE-supplemented high fat diet significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions, plasma cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels in LDLR-/- mice. Plasma inflammatory cytokines were reduced, but not significantly, demonstrating an anti-inflammatory property of SOAE. Gene analysis showed that SOAE-supplemented high fat diet reduced the genes involved in inflammation, and induced genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. Conclusion: In conclusion, our studies suggest that a SOAE-enriched diet could be an effective non-pharmacological treatment for atherosclerosis by controlling inflammation and regulating lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Prevents Cholesterol Gallstone Formation in C57bl Mice by Regulating Bile Acid Synthesis and Enterohepatic Circulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Tao Han ◽  
ShiJia Wang ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Yueming Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Expression Of Genes

To investigate the role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in the progression of cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD), C57bl/6J mice were randomized to the following groups (n=7/group): L (lithogenic diet, LGD), LM (LGD+pioglitazone), CM (chow diet+pioglitazone), and NC (normal control, chow diet). Gallbladder stones were observed by microscopy. Histological gallbladder changes were assessed. Bile acids (BA) and cholesterol were measured in the serum, bile, and feces. Proteins and mRNA expression of genes involved in BA metabolism and enterohepatic circulation were assessed by western blotting and real-time RT-PCR. PPARγ activation was performed in LO2 cell by lentivirus transfection and in Caco2 cell by PPARγ agonist treatment. Downregulation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) by small interference RNA (siRNA) was performed in L02 cells and Caco2 cells, respectively. Results showed that pharmacological activation of PPARγ by pioglitazone prevents cholesterol gallstone formation by increasing biliary BA synthesis and enterohepatic circulation. Activated PPARγ induced the expression of genes involved in enterohepatic circulation and bile acid synthesis (like PCG1α, BSEP, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, NTCP, CYP7A1, CYP27A1, ASBT, OSTα, and OSTβ). Downregulation of FXR repressed expression of partial genes involved in BA enterohepatic circulation. These findings suggest a new function of PPARγ in preventing CGD by handling BA synthesis and transport through a FXR dependent or independent pathway.

scholarly journals Predictors of cholesterol gallstone formation among inhabitants of Port Harcourt in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Promise N. Wichendu ◽  
Collins Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cholesterol Status

Background: Various clinical and biochemical parameters have been hypothesized to predict cholesterol gallstone formation. Hence, this study was structured to evaluate the degree of some of these suggested predictors among inhabitants of Port Harcourt in Nigeria.Methods: This was a retrospective study of the clinical and biochemical parameters of 42 cholesterol gallstones formers within a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Records of age, gender, weight, height, calculated body mass index and plasma biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, total bilirubin, and total calcium) of cholesterol gallstone formers from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2017 were abstracted from medical and laboratory records and analysed using SPSS version 20.Results: There were more females (70%) than males (30%) with a ratio of 2.3:1. The age ranged from 31-64 with mean 46.78±9.33. Obesity was observed among 40.5% of study population. Female gender (OR = 2.823; 95% CI = 2.446-3.200; p<0.001), obesity BMI status (OR = 1.534; 95% CI = 1.436 - 1.632; p = 0.012) and abnormal plasma cholesterol status (OR = 3.011; 95% CI = 2.916 - 3.106; p<0.001) were significant predictors of cholesterol gallstone formation. Abnormal plasma cholesterol status was the strongest of the predictors with AUC of 0.920 (p<0.001), seconded by female gender (AUC = 0.889; p<0.001) and obesity BMI status (AUC = 0.834; p<0.001).Conclusions: Abnormal plasma cholesterol status is the strongest independent predictor of cholesterol gallstone formation, seconded by female gender and high BMI status, among inhabitants of Port Harcourt in Nigeria.

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