scholarly journals Predictors of cholesterol gallstone formation among inhabitants of Port Harcourt in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Promise N. Wichendu ◽  
Collins Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cholesterol Status

Background: Various clinical and biochemical parameters have been hypothesized to predict cholesterol gallstone formation. Hence, this study was structured to evaluate the degree of some of these suggested predictors among inhabitants of Port Harcourt in Nigeria.Methods: This was a retrospective study of the clinical and biochemical parameters of 42 cholesterol gallstones formers within a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Records of age, gender, weight, height, calculated body mass index and plasma biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, total bilirubin, and total calcium) of cholesterol gallstone formers from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2017 were abstracted from medical and laboratory records and analysed using SPSS version 20.Results: There were more females (70%) than males (30%) with a ratio of 2.3:1. The age ranged from 31-64 with mean 46.78±9.33. Obesity was observed among 40.5% of study population. Female gender (OR = 2.823; 95% CI = 2.446-3.200; p<0.001), obesity BMI status (OR = 1.534; 95% CI = 1.436 - 1.632; p = 0.012) and abnormal plasma cholesterol status (OR = 3.011; 95% CI = 2.916 - 3.106; p<0.001) were significant predictors of cholesterol gallstone formation. Abnormal plasma cholesterol status was the strongest of the predictors with AUC of 0.920 (p<0.001), seconded by female gender (AUC = 0.889; p<0.001) and obesity BMI status (AUC = 0.834; p<0.001).Conclusions: Abnormal plasma cholesterol status is the strongest independent predictor of cholesterol gallstone formation, seconded by female gender and high BMI status, among inhabitants of Port Harcourt in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Quantitative trait loci mapping for cholesterol gallstones in AKR/J and C57L/J strains of mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEVERLY PAIGEN ◽  
NICHOLAS J. SCHORK ◽  
KAREN L. SVENSON ◽  
YIN-CHAI CHEAH ◽  
JIAN-LONG MU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Congenic Strain ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Lithogenic Diet ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trait Locus

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was used to locate genes that determine the difference in cholesterol gallstone disease between the gallstone-susceptible strain C57L/J and the gallstone-resistant strain AKR/J. Gallstone weight was determined in 231 male (AKR × C57L) F1× AKR backcross mice fed a lithogenic diet containing 1% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid, and 15% butterfat for 8 wk. Mice having no stones and mice having the largest stones were genotyped at ∼20-cM intervals to find the loci determining cholesterol gallstone formation. The major locus, Lith1, mapped near D2Mit56 and was confirmed by constructing a congenic strain, AK.L- Lith1s. Another locus, Lith2, mapped near D19Mit58 and was also confirmed by constructing a congenic strain AK.L- Lith2s. Other suggestive, but not statistically significant, loci mapped to chromosomes 6, 7, 8, 10, and X. The identification of these Lith genes will elucidate the pathophysiology of cholesterol gallstone formation.

scholarly journals The Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis of Cholesterol Gallstones

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 3620-3638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Di Ciaula ◽  
Gabriella Garruti ◽  
Gema Frühbeck ◽  
Maria De Angelis ◽  
Ornella de Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Beneficial Effects

: Cholesterol gallstone disease is a major health problem in Westernized countries and depends on a complex interplay between genetic factors, lifestyle and diet, acting on specific pathogenic mechanisms. Overweigh, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and altered cholesterol homeostasis have been linked to increased gallstone occurrence, and several studies point to a number of specific nutrients as risk- or protective factors with respect to gallstone formation in humans. There is a rising interest in the identification of common and modifiable dietetic factors that put the patients at risk of gallstones or that are able to prevent gallstone formation and growth. In particular, dietary models characterized by increased energy intake with highly refined sugars and sweet foods, high fructose intake, low fiber contents, high fat, consumption of fast food and low vitamin C intake increase the risk of gallstone formation. On the other hand, high intake of monounsaturated fats and fiber, olive oil and fish (ω-3 fatty acids) consumption, vegetable protein intake, fruit, coffee, moderate alcohol consumption and vitamin C supplementation exert a protective role. : The effect of some confounding factors (e.g., physical activity) cannot be ruled out, but general recommendations about the multiple beneficial effects of diet on cholesterol gallstones must be kept in mind, in particular in groups at high risk of gallstone formation.

Fenugreek seeds reduce atherogenic diet-induced cholesterol gallstone formation in experimental mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 933-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L.R. Reddy ◽  
K. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Lithogenic Diet ◽  
Fenugreek Seed ◽  
Cholesterol Saturation Index

Dietary hypocholesterolemic adjuncts may have a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of cholesterol gallstones (CGS). In this investigation, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed was evaluated for this potential on the experimental induction of CGS in laboratory mice. CGS was induced by maintaining mice on a lithogenic diet (0.5% cholesterol) for 10 weeks. Fenugreek seed powder was included at 5%, 10%, and 15% of this lithogenic diet. Dietary fenugreek significantly lowered the incidence of CGS in these mice; the incidence was 63%, 40%, and 10% in the 5%, 10%, and 15% fenugreek groups, respectively, compared with 100% in the lithogenic control. The antilithogenic influence of fenugreek is attributable to its hypocholesterolemic effect. Serum cholesterol level was decreased by 26%–31% by dietary fenugreek, while hepatic cholesterol was lowered by 47%–64% in these high cholesterol-fed animals. Biliary cholesterol was 8.73–11.2 mmol/L as a result of dietary fenugreek, compared with 33.6 mmol/L in high-cholesterol feeding without fenugreek. Cholesterol saturation index in bile was reduced to 0.77–0.99 in fenugreek treatments compared with 2.57 in the high-cholesterol group. Thus, fenugreek seed offers health-beneficial antilithogenic potential by virtue of its favourable influence on cholesterol metabolism.

scholarly journals Effect of different varieties of pectin and guar gum on plasma, hepatic and biliary lipids and cholesterol gallstone formation in hamsters fed on high-cholesterol diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke A. Trautwein ◽  
Angelika Kunath-Rau ◽  
Helmut F. Erbersdobler
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Biliary Lipids ◽  
Faecal Weight

The effect of high- (hePE) and low- (lePE) esterification pectin and high- (hvGG) and low-(lvGG) viscosity guar gum on plasma, hepatic and biliary lipids and on prevention of cholesterol gallstones was investigated in male golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Hamsters were fed on cholesterol-rich (4g/kg), gallstone-inducing diets for 6 weeks. The diets were supplemented with 80g hePE, lePE, hvGG or lvGG/kg or 80g additional cellulose/kg. No significant differences in plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations between hvGG and lvGG and the gallstone-inducing or cellulose-enriched diets were observed. The hePE diet produced a 16% (non-significant) reduction in total plasma cholesterol but significantly decreased the plasma triacylglycerol level by 45%. The lePE diet caused only minor changes in plasma lipids. Hepatic cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in hamsters fed on hvGG, lvGG, hePE or lePE primarily due to the accumulation of esterified cholesterol. Supersaturated bile samples, with lithogenic indices ranging from 1.6 to 2.0, were determined with all diets. The hePE and lePE diets slightly altered the bile acid profile by increasing glycocholic acid and decreasing taurochenodeoxycholic acid concentrations resulting in a higher cholic: chenodeoxycholic acid ratio. Cholesterol gallstone formation was not substantially inhibited by the two varieties of pectin and guar gum. The hvGG, lvGG, hePE and lePE diets did not alter faecal weight and caused only minor increases in faecal bile acid excretion. In general, the present findings demonstrate that dietary pectins and guar gums had only minor effects on cholesterol metabolism and did not prevent cholesterol gallstone formation in this hamster model. Possible explanations for this lack of a distinct response to pectin and guar gum are discussed.

Increased risk of cholesterol gallstone formation in subjects with apolipoprotein E4 genotype

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. A8
Author(s):  
K. J. van Erpecum ◽  
P. Portincasa ◽  
E. R.M. Eckhardt ◽  
B. J.M. van de Heijning ◽  
A. K. Groen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Apolipoprotein E4 ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals T-Cell Function Is Critical for Murine Cholesterol Gallstone Formation

2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 1304-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk J. Maurer ◽  
Varada P. Rao ◽  
Zhongming Ge ◽  
Arlin B. Rogers ◽  
Trisha J. Oura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstone ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
T Cell Function

scholarly journals Predictor Keberhasilan Pengobatan Tuberkulosis Tahun 2018 di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Riezky Febiola ◽  
Mondastri Korib Sudaryo ◽  
Sri Ulfa Alriani
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Cohort Study Design ◽  
Study Population ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Negative

Tuberculosis is still a major cause of health problems and death due to infectious agents. The success rate of TB treatment varies globally where Asia is 81.6% the second highest after Oceania 83.9%. The prevalence of tuberculosis with bacteriological confirmation in Indonesia is 759 per 100,000 population. This study aims to determine the relationship between the independent variabel with the success of TB treatment in Indonesia in 2018. Methods This study was conducted using a retrospective cohort study design. The study population was all TB Drug Sensitive patients who started treatment in 2018 and were recorded on SITT. Data analysis was performed using Chi Square. 392,706 TB patients were included in the analysis of 476,744 patients. With treatment results 45.2% recovered, 43.35% complete treatment, 3% died, 0.8% failed, 5.6% dropped out of treatment, 2.1% people moved. Age> 45 years RR 1,028 (95% CI; 1,009-1,049), female gender 1,022 (95% CI; 1,004-1,041), HIV negative 1,229 (95% CI; 1,169-1,292), patients with new treatment status RR 1,072 (95% CI; 1.033-1.112) and did not have a DM RR comorbid 1.027 (95% CI; 1.003-1.051) were predictors of the success of TB treatment. The results of this study indicate that patients who do not have HIV or DM co-morbidities are more likely to succeed in TB treatment.

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