scholarly journals Acute-on-chronic effects of fatty acids on intestinal triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein metabolism

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene L. Black ◽  
Helen M. Roche ◽  
Anne-Marie Tully ◽  
Michael J. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Fat Composition

Postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism is an important metabolic state that has been associated with cardiovascular disease. The magnitude of the postprandial TAG response is determined by dietary fat composition, which alters intestinal and hepatic TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism. Caco-2 cell monolayers are morphologically and physiologically similar to the human intestinal enterocytes, hence they are a good model to study intestinal lipoprotein metabolism. To date only the acute effect of fatty acid composition on intestinal TRL metabolism in Caco-2 cells has been investigated. Little is known of the effect of habitual, or chronic, dietary fat composition on intestinal TRL metabolism. Using the Caco-2 cell model, the present study investigated the acute-on-chronic effect of fatty acid composition on TRL metabolism. Caco-2 cells were grown in the presence of 0·05 mM-PALMITIC ACID (PA; 16 : 0), -OLEIC ACID (OA; 18 : 1N-9),-EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID (EPA; 20 : 5N-3) OR NO FATTY ACID (CONTROL) FOR 19 D, THEN ONE OF FOUR ACUTE TREATMENTS (CONTROL (BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN (BSA; 5 G/L)) OR BSA (5 G/L) PLUS 0·5 Mm-PA, -OA or -EPA) were administered for 22 h. Significant acute×chronic interactions for the effect of fatty acid composition on cellular TAG:secretedde novoTAG, and cellularde novoTAG:de novophospholipid were observed. Thus the effect of a fatty acid was determined by the duration of exposure to the fatty acid intervention. Acute PA treatment increasedde novoTAG synthesis, but chronic PA supplementation did not. Acute and chronic OA treatments increasedde novoTAG secretion. For EPA, chronic supplementation had the greatest effect on TAG synthesis and secretion. The acute-on-chronic effects of fatty acids on apolipoprotein B metabolism were relatively minor compared with the changes noted for TRL lipid composition. The present study shows that the Caco-2 cell model is valuable for studying intestinal TRL metabolism and that fatty acids modulate this process, the nature of which can be determined by the length of exposure of the cell to the fatty acid.

The composition and metabolism of fatty acids in Ips paraconfusus Lanier (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1263-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Penner ◽  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
De Novo Synthesis

The fatty acid composition of newly emerged Ips paraconfusus Lanier shows no sexual dimorphism and is approximately as follows: C14:0, 0.5%; C16:0, 23.0%; C16:1, 6%; C18:0, 3%; C18:1, 55%; C18:2, 9%; C18:3, 2%. Both sexes, but particularly the female, use up fatty acids, particularly the monounsaturated acids, during reproduction. Isotope from 1-14C-acetate injected into newly emerged females appeared in all saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids within 30 min. There was evidence of de novo synthesis of C14:0 and C16:0, chain elongation of C16:0 to C18:0, and desaturation of C16:0 and C18:0 to yield C16:1 and C18:1 respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of Diet on Fatty-Acid Composition of Depot Fat in Western Sandpipers (Calidris Mauri)

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Egeler ◽  
Dana Seaman ◽  
Tony D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Calidris Mauri ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Western Sandpipers ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Abstract Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) have been previously shown to undergo seasonal changes in the fatty acid composition of their fat stores, even though they do not show the marked seasonal variation in diet common to many migratory passerines. We investigated the effect of dietary fatty acid composition on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in captive Western Sandpipers by feeding birds experimental diets with different fatty acid composition. In addition, we determined the effect of total percentage of fat content of the diet (5 vs. 10%) on fatty acid composition of depot fat. Birds maintained normal body mass (24–27 g) throughout all experimental treatments. Most adipose fatty acids were sensitive to dietary manipulation to some extent. Changes in fatty acid composition of the diet had the largest effect on adipose tissue composition for the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleate (18:2), whereas it had the least effect for the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate (18:1). The saturated fatty acid palmitate (16:0) demonstrated an intermediate capacity to alter fatty acid composition of adipose tissue. Total amount of fat in the diet did not influence the effect of diet on fatty acid deposition. Results of dietary manipulations in this study suggest that diet does explain some of the variation in fatty acid composition observed during migration in Western Sandpipers, but that certain fatty acids can be modulated independently of diet (probably through de novo synthesis, postabsorption modification, or both).

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle reflects dietary fat composition in humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1222-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agneta Andersson ◽  
Cecilia Nälsén ◽  
Siv Tengblad ◽  
Bengt Vessby
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Composition

Regulation Of The Fatty Acid Composition Of Platelet Phospholipids

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L McKean ◽  
J B Smith ◽  
M J Silver
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
De Novo Biosynthesis ◽  
Coa Transferase

The fatty acid composition of cell membrane phospholipids does not remain constant after de novo biosynthesis, but undergoes continual remodelling. One of the major routes for remodelling probably includes the deacylation-reacylation steps of the Lands Pathway. This has been shown to be important for the incorporation of long chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids by liver and brain. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes in platelets is especially important in light of the large stores of arachidonic acid (AA) in platelet phospholipids and the role of AA in hemostasis and thrombosis. Previous results from this laboratory have shown that the turnover of radioactive AA, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acids in the phospholipids of resting platelets is more rapid than the turnover of radioactive C16 and C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. However, little is known about how fatty acids, especially AA and its homologues, are incorporated into platelet phospholipids during de novo biosynthesis or how they are exchanged during remodelling.At least three enzymes are involved in the deacylation- reacylation of phospholipids: phospholipase A2; acyl CoA synthetase; and acyl CoA transferase. We have studied acyl CoA transferase and have found considerable activity in human platelet membranes. Experiments are in progress to determine the substrate specificity and other properties of this enzyme.

Dietary ω6 fatty acids and the effects of hyperthyroidism in mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Deshpande ◽  
A J Hulbert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Gpdh Activity ◽  
Pufa Diet

Abstract The influence of the type of dietary fat on the effects of thyroid hormones was investigated in mice. Hyperthyroidism was achieved by providing thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the drinking water. Both hyperthyroid and euthyroid mice (Mus musculus) were fed isoenergetic diets containing 18% (w/w) total lipid but differing in fatty acid composition. Diets were either low in the polyunsaturated linoleic acid (18:2, ω6) and high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or low in saturated fats and high in the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), linoleic acid. Treatments were maintained for 21–22 days. Plasma thyroid hormone levels, standard metabolic rate (SMR), changes in body mass, specific activities of malic enzyme (ME), Na-K-ATPase and glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) of the liver were measured. Fatty acid composition of the liver phospholipids was also determined. Levels of T3 (15–17 nm) and T4 (250–255 nm) were significantly higher in the respective hyperthyroid groups. There was no significant influence of the diet on hormone levels. Hyperthyroidism increased the SMR 37–44% above the euthyroid levels. A significant body weight loss of 14–18% was observed in hyperthyroid mice on the PUFA diet but not in those on the SFA diet. PUFA diet significantly reduced the activity of ME but had no effect on Na-K-ATPase or GPDH activity. Activities of Na-K-ATPase and GPDH were significantly elevated in all hyperthyroid groups. Mice on T4 and PUFA diet showed a highly significant 399% increase in GPDH activity above the euthyroid level. The overall degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids in the liver phospholipids was comparable in all groups. Dietary treatment substantially changed liver membrane fatty acid composition whilst hyperthyroidism resulted in only small changes. The only parameters to show an interaction between dietary fat profile and hyperthyroidism were ME activity, changes in body mass and liver phospholipid fatty acid composition. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 431–439

Retail lamb fat composition in western Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.R. Dugan ◽  
V. Salazar ◽  
D.C. Rolland ◽  
P. Vahmani ◽  
J.L. Aalhus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
North American ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The fatty acid composition of retail lamb backfat commonly available in Western Canada was analyzed, including 16 lambs collected from a slaughter plant in central Alberta, and backfat collected from racks and chops imported from Australia (n = 8) and New Zealand (n = 8). Lamb fat from New Zealand was the richest source of vaccenic and rumenic acids. Both New Zealand and Australian lamb were the richest source of n-3 fatty acids. North American lamb was richer in t10-18:1, but a subset had fatty acid compositions similar to New Zealand lamb.

Intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum utilize a broad range of serum-derived fatty acids with limited modification for their growth

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. MI-ICHI ◽  
K. KITA ◽  
T. MITAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
New Strategy

Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria. Utilization of fatty acids in serum is thought to be necessary for survival of this parasite in erythrocytes, and thus characterization of the parasite fatty acid metabolism is important in developing a new strategy for controlling malaria. Here, we examined which combinations of fatty acids present in human serum support the continuous culture of P. falciparum in serum-free medium. Metabolic labelling and gas chromatography analyses revealed that, despite the need for particular fatty acids for the growth of intraerythrocytic P. falciparum, it can metabolize a broad range of serum-derived fatty acids into the major lipid species of their membranes and lipid bodies. In addition, these analyses showed that the parasite's overall fatty acid composition reflects that of the medium, although the parasite has a limited capacity to desaturate and elongate serum-derived fatty acids. These results indicate that the Plasmodium parasite is distinct from most cells, which maintain their fatty acid composition by coordinating de novo biosynthesis, scavenging, and modification (desaturation and elongation).

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