Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paris Lambdin
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Atriplex Canescens ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Cotton Mealybug

Abstract This mealybug species has the ability to increase rapidly in population size and spread to cover vast areas where host plants occur, in a relatively short period of time. It has been reported from over 200 hosts. Since the original description of P. solenopsis from Atriplex canescens in New Mexico, USA in 1898, no reports on its presence were reported until 1967 (McKenzie, 1967; McDaniel, 1975). Later, Fuchs et al. (1991) reported small, sporadic populations on cotton in Runnels County, Texas, USA in 1988 that spread 75 to 200 miles from the original site with contiguous populations by 1990. With the increase in international trade over the last few decades, this invasive pest has been collected and identified on host material at international ports and in greenhouses outside its native range (Jansen, 2004). As such, P. solenopsis has become established in the Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, and Oriental regions.

Biology and population growth parameters of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on five host plant species

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Nagrare ◽  
Bhausaheb Naikwadi ◽  
Vrushali Deshmukh ◽  
S. Kranthi
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Cotton Mealybug ◽  
China Rose ◽  
Population Growth Parameters

Abstract The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an invasive pest of cotton, apart from several other important crops, and poses a serious threat to agricultural economy all over the world. Studies on the biology and population growth parameters of P. solenopsis on the five most preferred host plants, namely cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Malvaceae), China rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) (Malvaceae), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (Solanaceae), congress grass (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) (Asteraceae) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) (Malvaceae) were undertaken in the laboratory under controlled temperature and relative humidity. The mean cumulative development time of females was 16.61 days on cotton, 14.16 days on China rose, 14.13 days on okra, 14.00 days on tomato and 13.57 days on congress grass. The longest oviposition period was recorded on cotton (15.20 ± 1.87 days), while it was in the range of 9-10 days in the remaining host plants. Females lived longer (27.40 ± 1.76 days) when reared on cotton, while their life was shortest on tomato (14.60 ± 0.96 days). The highest fecundity was observed on cotton (328.30 ± 23.42), whereas it was found to be in the range 178-212 on the other hosts. The survival frequency from crawler to adult in females was highest on cotton (27.53%), while it was the lowest on tomato (15.87%). The highest net reproductive rate (284.3 females/female/generation), mean length of a generation (31.24 days), and intrinsic rate of increase (0.19 day−1) were recorded on cotton. The finite rate of increase was in the range of 1.18-1.20 (females/female/day) for all the selected host plants. The weekly multiplication rate was highest on China rose and congress grass (3.78), while it was the least on tomato (3.28). The corrected generation time was dissimilar in all the selected host plants, being highest on cotton (31.39 days) and the least on congress grass (27.71 days). The doubling time was shortest on congress grass (3.61 days), while it was longest on tomato (4.11 days). Hence, the host plant species significantly affects population growth of P. solenopsis.

Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Watson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
The West ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Paracoccus marginatus is a mealybug native to Central America. It has been spread accidentally outside its native range by trade in live plant material, such as papaya fruits. It became an invasive pest in the Caribbean Islands and USA (Florida) in 1994-2002; the West and Central Pacific islands in 2002-2006; South-East Asia and the Indo-Pacific islands in 2008-2010; West Africa in 2010-2016; East Africa from 2015; and Israel in 2016. The pest is expected to continue spreading, and climate warming is likely to increase the areas where it can establish. It is polyphagous and spreads rapidly, forming heavy infestations on aerial plant parts and killing some host-plants, including papaya. It poses a threat to commercial papaya plantations.

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Israel: pest status, host plants and natural enemies

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malkie Spodek ◽  
Yair Ben-Dov ◽  
Lily Mondaca ◽  
Alex Protasov ◽  
Eyal Erel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Cotton Mealybug

scholarly journals The Roles of DNA Methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1) in Regulating Sexual Dimorphism in the Cotton Mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A.A. Omar ◽  
Meizhen Li ◽  
Feiling Liu ◽  
Kang He ◽  
Muhammad Qasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Cotton Mealybug ◽  
Gravid Females

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, is an invasive pest that can cause massive damage to many host plants of agricultural importance. P. solenopsis is highly polyphagous, and shows extreme sexual dimorphism between males and females. The functions of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes in the cotton mealybug have not been well studied. Here, we carried out an investigation of DNMTs in cotton mealybug to study their roles in sexual dimorphism. We found that the cotton mealybug has two copies of PsDnmt1, but Dnmt3 is absent. We then amplified the full-length cDNAs of PsDnmt1A (2225 bp) and PsDnmt1B (2862 bp) using rapid amplification cDNA ends (RACE). Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR shows that both PsDnmt1A and PsDnmt1B are highly expressed in adult males, while the expression of PsDnmt1B is 30-fold higher in gravid females than in virgin females. We knocked down PsDnmt1A and PsDnmt1B with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and both genes were successfully down-regulated after 24 h or 72 h in adult females and pupa (t-test, p < 0.05). Down-regulating the expression of these two DNMT genes led to offspring lethality and abnormal body color in adult females. Furthermore, the silencing of PsDnmt1B induced abnormal wing development in emerged adult males. Our results provide evidence that PsDnmt1 plays a crucial role in regulating sexual dimorphism in the cotton mealybug.

scholarly journals The Cotton Mealybug Is Spreading along the Mediterranean: First Pest Detection in Italian Tomatoes

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Michele Ricupero ◽  
Antonio Biondi ◽  
Agatino Russo ◽  
Lucia Zappalà ◽  
Gaetana Mazzeo
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Cotton Mealybug

The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an extremely polyphagous invasive pest that can cause serious damages to cultivated plants. The pest is native to America but invaded Asian and Mediterranean countries during the last decades. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Solanaceae) is an economic relevant crop worldwide and its production can be threatened by numerous insect pests including P. solenopsis. We recorded for the first time P. solenopsis in association with tomato in greenhouse crops and urban landscapes in Sicily (Italy) during the fall season in 2020. The species was identified as P. solenopsis based on the morphological characters and DNA amplification of an ≈800 bp portion of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene. The phylogenetic analysis among the obtained P. solenopsis mtCOI sequences with those already available in GenBank suggests Asian countries as a potential source of new introduction. This is the first record of P. solenopsis attacking tomato plants in Italy and may represent a potential threat for tomato production in Europe and nearby countries. For this reason, actions should be taken to avoid the uncontrolled spread of this alien species.

Paysandisia archon (South American palm borer).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Riolo ◽  
Sandro Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
South American ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
North East ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
American Palm

Abstract P. archon is a Neotropical castniid species. It is not considered a pest in most of its native range, probably because it lives mainly on wild palm trees and not on crops; however, Houlbert (1918) and Bourquin (1933) reported that it had the potential to become a serious pest of palms. It was accidentally introduced to Europe from Argentina, as larvae hidden in imported palm trees, mostly Butia yatay and Trithrinax campestris. In Europe, where it is spreading rapidly, P. archon was first found in 2001 in Spain (Aguilar et al., 2001), France (Drescher and Dufay, 2001; Sarto i Monteys and Aguilar, 2001) and Italy (Espinosa et al., 2003; Riolo et al., 2004) and is considered an invasive species in these countries. It is already an invasive pest in France, Italy and Spain, where serious damage and plant mortality has been reported (1000 palm trees have been destroyed) and has become a pest in Buenos Aires, where it was introduced from north-east Argentina (Sarto i Monteys and Aguilar, 2005). The moth is currently listed in the EPPO A2 List (n. 338) of 'Pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests' (OEPP/EPPO, 2008) and in European Phytosanitary Legislation in AnnexII/Part A/Section II (COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2009/7/EC of 10 February 2009 amending Annexes I, II, IV and V to Council Directive 2000/29/EC on protective measures against the introduction into the Community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the Community).

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