Paysandisia archon (South American palm borer).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Riolo ◽  
Sandro Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
South American ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
North East ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
American Palm

Abstract P. archon is a Neotropical castniid species. It is not considered a pest in most of its native range, probably because it lives mainly on wild palm trees and not on crops; however, Houlbert (1918) and Bourquin (1933) reported that it had the potential to become a serious pest of palms. It was accidentally introduced to Europe from Argentina, as larvae hidden in imported palm trees, mostly Butia yatay and Trithrinax campestris. In Europe, where it is spreading rapidly, P. archon was first found in 2001 in Spain (Aguilar et al., 2001), France (Drescher and Dufay, 2001; Sarto i Monteys and Aguilar, 2001) and Italy (Espinosa et al., 2003; Riolo et al., 2004) and is considered an invasive species in these countries. It is already an invasive pest in France, Italy and Spain, where serious damage and plant mortality has been reported (1000 palm trees have been destroyed) and has become a pest in Buenos Aires, where it was introduced from north-east Argentina (Sarto i Monteys and Aguilar, 2005). The moth is currently listed in the EPPO A2 List (n. 338) of 'Pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests' (OEPP/EPPO, 2008) and in European Phytosanitary Legislation in AnnexII/Part A/Section II (COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2009/7/EC of 10 February 2009 amending Annexes I, II, IV and V to Council Directive 2000/29/EC on protective measures against the introduction into the Community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the Community).

scholarly journals Geographic Spread ofGnamptogenys triangularis(Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Joseph A. MacGown ◽  
James K. Wetterer
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
South American ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Southeastern Usa ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Major Pest

Gnamptogenys triangularis(Mayr), native to the forests of South and Central America, is a predatory ant that feeds on millipedes. In its native range, this species is known from Buenos Aires, Argentina (38.1°S) in the south to Costa Rica (10.4°N) in the north, with records from eight countries in South America (all except Chile, French Guiana, and Paraguay), and the two southernmost countries of Central America (Panama and Costa Rica). The first records ofG. triangularisoutside its native range came from Florida beginning in 1985 (six sites: 25.5°–30.4°N) and Alabama in 1996 (one site: 30.4°N). Here we present the first records ofG. triangularisfrom Mississippi, dating from 2002–2010 (five sites: 30.5°–31.2°N). Based on its South American range, it appears thatG. triangularishas the potential to spread to forests throughout much of the southeastern USA. There are no documented impacts ofG. triangularis,and it seems unlikely that this species will ever become a major pest.

scholarly journals Quantification of the Life Time Flight Capabilities of the South American Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Mark S. Hoddle ◽  
Christina D. Hoddle ◽  
Ivan Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
South American ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Unmated Female ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
American Palm

The life time flight capabilities of an invasive palm pest, Rhynchophorus palmarum, were assessed using flight mill assays under controlled conditions in the laboratory. A total of 101 weevils were used for experiments and subjected to repeat flight assays. A total of 17 flight trials were run, of which the first 14 provided useful data prior to weevil death. Male and female weevils exhibited a strong capacity for repeat long distance flights. Flight metrics of interest were not affected by weevil sex or mating status. Cumulative lifetime flight distances for male and female R. palmarum averaged ~268 km and ~220 km, respectively. A maximum lifetime cumulative flight distance of ~758 km and ~806 km was recorded for one male of unknown mating status and one unmated female weevil, respectively. Dispersal data for individual flights (i.e., trials 1 through 9, 10–14 combined) and all flight trial data (i.e., flights 1–14 combined) exhibited platykurtic distributions. The results presented here may have important implications for modeling the spread of this invasive pest and for the development of monitoring and management plans.

scholarly journals Exposure to Insecticides Reduces Populations of Rhynchophorus palmarum in Oil Palm Plantations with Bud Rot Disease

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Martínez ◽  
Angelica Plata-Rueda ◽  
Francisco Andrés Rodríguez-Dimaté ◽  
Juliana Mendonça Campos ◽  
Valdeir Celestino dos Santos Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
South American ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Rot Disease

The South American palm weevil (SAPW), Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the main pest of Elaeis guineensis and damages palm trees with bud rot disease in the Americas. The effects of six neurotoxic insecticides (abamectin, carbaryl, deltamethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and spinosad) were evaluated against SAPW for toxicity, survival, reproduction, and mortality. Abamectin (LC50 = 0.33 mg mL−1), Carbaryl (LC50 = 0.24 mg mL−1), deltamethrin (LC50 = 0.17 mg mL−1), and fipronil (LC50 = 0.42 mg mL−1) were the most toxic to SAPW. Adult survival was 95% without exposure to insecticides, decreasing to 78–65% in insects treated with the LC25 and 49–35% in insects exposed to LC50. Sublethal doses of carbaryl, fipronil and imidacloprid showed significant effect on the reproduction of this insect. Mortality of SAPW populations caused by insecticides had similar effects in the laboratory and field conditions. The results suggest that carbaryl, deltamethrin, fipronil, and imidacloprid caused significantly higher mortality as compared to the control in SAPW and may be used to control its populations in oil palm trees where bud rot appears as the key disease for SAPW attraction and infestation.

Emergence of New Potential Insect Pests of Date Palm: Could Climate Change Be the Reason?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
South American ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
The Family ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Sorghum Chafer

Four insect species were reported as new potential pests of date palm in recent years. They are sorghum chafer (Pachnoda interrupta), the rose chafer (Potosia opaca), the sericine chafer beetle (Maladera insanablis), and the South American palm borer (Pysandisia archon). The first three species belong to the order Coleoptera and the family Scarabaeidae, while the fourth species is a lepidopteran of the family Castniidae. The injury as well as the economic damage caused by the four species on date palm need to be quantified. Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, the date palm pest complex is expected to change in the future. To the author's knowledge, this article provides the first report of sorghum chafer as a pest damaging date palm fruit.

Educating a City's Children: British Immigrants and Primary Education in Buenos Aires (1820-1880)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
South American ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Labor Skills

Argentina, and Buenos Aires in particular, was a preferred South American destination for great numbers of European immigrants who crossed the Atlantic beginning in the late nineteenth century in search of new opportunities. Most Latin American governments, from the early days of their nations' independence, sought to attract European workers. These newly founded countries considered immigration an essential element for creating a society that would become economically, politically, and socially modern. They hoped to attract mainly foreigners from Northern Europe, among them the British, whom they considered to have superior labor skills and to be accustomed to the habits of order and work the new nation required.

scholarly journals Perspectives for Synergic Blends of Attractive Sources in South American Palm Weevil Mass Trapping: Waiting for the Red Palm Weevil Brazil Invasion

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Viviane Araujo Dalbon ◽  
Juan Pablo Molina Acevedo ◽  
Karlos Antônio Lisboa Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Thyago Fernando Lisboa Ribeiro ◽  
Joao Manoel da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
South American ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
American Palm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Palm Product

Coupling several natural and synthetic lures with aggregation pheromones from the palm weevils Rhynchophorus palmarum and R. ferrugineus reveals a synergy that results in an increase in pest captures. The combined attraction of pure pheromones, ethyl acetate, and decaying sweet and starchy plant tissue increases the net total of mass-trapped weevils. The 2018 entrance of the red palm weevil (RPW) into South America has threatened palm-product income in Brazil and other neighboring countries. The presence of the new A1 quarantine pest necessitates the review of all available options for a sustainable mass-trapping, monitoring, and control strategy to ultimately target both weevils with the same device. The effective lure-blend set for the mass-trapping system will attract weevils in baiting and contaminating stations for entomopathogenic fungi that the same weevils will spread.

Phoretic mite infestations associated with Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in southern California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Gómez-marco ◽  
Hans Klompen ◽  
Mark Hoddle
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Invasion Biology ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
South American ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Mite Infestations

The South American palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), established in San Diego County, California, USA sometime around 2014. Attached to the motile adults of this destructive palm pest, we identified three species of uropodine mites (Parasitiformes: Uropodina), Centrouropoda n. sp., Dinychus n. sp. and Fuscuropoda marginata. Two of these species, Centrouropoda n. sp. and Dinychus n. sp. are recorded for the first time in the USA and were likely introduced by R. palmarum. Several species of mites, primarily of Uropodina, have previously been recorded as phoretic on Rhynchophorus spp. In this study, we examined 3,035 adult R. palmarum trapped over a 2.5-year period, July 2016 to December 2018, and documented the presence of and species composition of phoretic mites and their relationship with weevil morphometrics (i.e., pronotum length and width). The presence and species composition of mites on weevil body parts changed over the survey period. No mites were found under weevil elytra in 2016 and mite prevalence under elytra increased over 2017–2018 due to an increased abundance of Centrouropoda n. sp per individual beetle. Mite occurrence levels were significantly correlated with reduced pronotum widths of male weevils only. The significance of this finding on male weevil fitness is unknown. Potential implications of phoretic mites on aspects of the invasion biology of R. palmarum are discussed.

Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paris Lambdin
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Atriplex Canescens ◽  
Phenacoccus Solenopsis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Cotton Mealybug

Abstract This mealybug species has the ability to increase rapidly in population size and spread to cover vast areas where host plants occur, in a relatively short period of time. It has been reported from over 200 hosts. Since the original description of P. solenopsis from Atriplex canescens in New Mexico, USA in 1898, no reports on its presence were reported until 1967 (McKenzie, 1967; McDaniel, 1975). Later, Fuchs et al. (1991) reported small, sporadic populations on cotton in Runnels County, Texas, USA in 1988 that spread 75 to 200 miles from the original site with contiguous populations by 1990. With the increase in international trade over the last few decades, this invasive pest has been collected and identified on host material at international ports and in greenhouses outside its native range (Jansen, 2004). As such, P. solenopsis has become established in the Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, and Oriental regions.

Mass Murder and International Assassination

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-151
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Rabe
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Population ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
South American ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Henry Kissinger ◽  
American Military ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
Operation Condor ◽  
The Military

This chapter examines the grotesque policies of the military commanders of Argentina and Chile. Argentina emulated its South American neighbors when the military seized power in March of 1976. Argentina's military rulers thought it would be in the nation's best interest to eliminate 50,000 Argentines. Secretary Henry Kissinger was made aware of the Argentine military's campaign of mass murder by U.S. officials in Washington and Buenos Aires. His aides further warned him that Argentina's murderers and torturers targeted Argentina's Jewish population. The chapter then looks at Secretary Kissinger's response to Operation Condor, a conspiracy of South American military dictatorships that perpetrated international assassinations and terrorism.

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