Cardamine flexuosa (wavy bittercress).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Agricultural Weed ◽  
Cardamine Flexuosa ◽  
America South ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract Cardamine flexuosa is a fast-growing herb that often behaves as a weed in both disturbed and undisturbed sites. It is native to Europe and found throughout much of Asia, and has naturalized in North and South America, South Africa and Australia. This species flowers vigorously and forms dense understorey root mats that alter successional processes and displace native plant species. C. flexuosa is a common agricultural weed in paddy fields, crop gardens and orchards and a common weed of gardens, greenhouses and lawns. It is listed as invasive in Myanmar, the Philippines, Hawaii, Cook Islands, South Georgia and the Sandwich Islands and the Bahamas.

scholarly journals Cardamine flexuosa (wavy bittercress).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Agricultural Weed ◽  
Cardamine Flexuosa ◽  
America South ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Abstract Cardamine flexuosa is a fast-growing herb that often behaves as a weed in both disturbed and undisturbed sites. It is native to Europe and found throughout much of Asia, and has naturalized in North and South America, South Africa and Australia. This species flowers vigorously and forms dense understorey root mats that alter successional processes and displace native plant species. C. flexuosa is a common agricultural weed in paddy fields, crop gardens and orchards and a common weed of gardens, greenhouses and lawns. It is listed as invasive in Myanmar, the Philippines, Hawaii, Cook Islands, South Georgia and the Sandwich Islands and the Bahamas.

scholarly journals Adonidia merrillii (Christmas palm).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Lethal Yellowing Disease ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Lethal Yellowing ◽  
Yellowing Disease

Abstract Adonidia merrillii is one of the most popular ornamental palms worldwide. Native to the Philippines and Malaysia, it has been extensively introduced, mostly in tropical regions but also as an indoor plant in subtropical and temperate areas. Currently it is listed as invasive in Cuba, the Bahamas and Anguilla. On these islands, this palm species has escaped cultivation and is now competing with native plant species. Because A. merrillii is highly susceptible to lethal yellowing disease, it is considered a threat for the conservation of native palm species in the Bahamas.

scholarly journals Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Impatiens balsamina is an annual herb thought to be native to India and Myanmar. It has been widely introduced outside of its native range as an ornamental to Europe, Asia, the Americas, Oceania and some parts of tropical Africa. It has escaped from cultivation and become naturalized in disturbed sites and semi-natural habitats including secondary forests and forest edges. It spreads by seed and also vegetatively by stem fragments and can form dense stands in forest understory inhibiting germination and the establishment of seedlings, displacing native plant species. It is thought to be invasive to many tropical and subtropical islands in Oceania and the Caribbean as well as Costa Rica, Peru, the Galapagos Islands, the Philippines and parts of India.

scholarly journals The choice of lucerne varieties in the Netherlands.

1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
W. Scheijgrond
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Different Types ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Trials were carried out at 2 stations in the Netherlands in the period 1949-51 to compare the amounts of dry matter and crude protein yielded per ha. by 5 different types of lucerne. The Northern French varieties (Du Puits, Flamande Chartain-villiers and Flamande Flandria) gave considerably higher yields of dry matter and protein than Provence or Italian lucerne. A further trial was carried out in the Netherlands in co-operation with O.E.E.C., in which the performances of varieties from Western, Eastern, Central and Southern Europe, North and South America, New Zealand, India and South Africa were compared. The results are tabulated under the following headings: yield in comparative figures, speed of regrowth after winter, earliness of flowering, degree of infestation by grasses and cold-resistance. The Northern French varieties Du Puits, Flamande Flandria, Flamande Chartainvilliers, Flamande Socheville and Flamande C49, gave higher yields of dry matter and crude protein, regrew more rapidly after winter and were less susceptible to infestation by grasses than the other varieties tested. Their cold-resistance was satisfactory. There were no considerable differences in performance between the Northern French varieties tested.-W.J.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Institutional Transfer: The Beginnings of Insurance in Southeast Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Borscheid ◽  
Niels-Viggo Haueter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Far East ◽  
Credit Crisis ◽  
The Far East ◽  
America South ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

At the turn of the nineteenth century, modern insurance started to spread from the British Isles around the world. Outside Europe and the European offshoots in North and South America, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, it began to compete with other forms of risk management and often met with stiff opposition on religious and cultural grounds. Insurance arrived in Southeast Asia via British merchants living in India and Canton rather than through agencies of European firms. While the early agency houses in Bengal collapsed in the credit crisis of 1829–1834, the firms established by opium traders residing in Macau and Hong Kong, and advised by insurance experts in London, went on to form the foundations of the insurance industry in the Far East. Until the early twentieth century, they sought to use the techniques of risk management that they had developed in Europe to win Europeans and Americans living in Southeast Asia as clients, along with members of the local population familiar with Western culture.

scholarly journals Neomarica caerulea (walking iris).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Central America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Light Green

Abstract Neomarica caerulea is a clumping perennial herb often cultivated as an ornamental for its attractive, light green leaves and colourful flowers. It is native to Brazil and also widely cultivated. It has escaped from cultivation and can be found naturalized along roadsides, in abandoned farms and pastures and in disturbed sites in Central America, the Caribbean and South Africa. This species propagates by seed, but also by rhizomes and plantlets. Once established it can form dense colonies that prevent the regeneration of native vegetation and displace native species reducing native plant species richness. Currently it is listed as invasive in Cuba, though its impact is unknown.

scholarly journals Litsea glutinosa (Indian laurel).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Litsea Glutinosa

Abstract Litsea glutinosa belongs to the family Lauraceae. It is a small- to medium-sized tree, 3-20 m tall, semi-evergreen, and fast-growing dioecious (Chowdhury et al., 2008; Ramana and Raju, 2019). It is native to India, South China to Malaysia, Australia and the western Pacific islands, and introduced and established in South Africa, the western Indian Ocean, and the south-western Pacific (New Caledonia), Mauritius and other tropical regions (Dassanayake, 1995). It has been introduced as a crop (Vos, 2004) and as an ornamental in tropical countries (EPPO, 2019). It has escaped from cultivation and is naturalized in some of the introduced areas. L. glutinosa has many uses in its area of origin as well as in some of its areas of introduction (ISSG, 2015). It is used principally as a binder for tablet formulations, and in the incense stick industry (Ramana and Raju, 2017).L. glutinosa is considered invasive in South Africa, where it is declared an invader plant (Henderson, 2001) and in the Indian Ocean (MacDonald et al., 1991; ISSG, 2015; PIER, 2019) on the islands of Mauritius (Mauritius Island and Rodrigues Island) (PIER, 2019) and Mayotte (Vos, 2004; ISSG, 2015; PIER, 2019). Jacq et al. (2005) do not consider L. glutinosa to be invasive globally, and ISSG (2015) considers it a small tree with high invasion potential, displacing native plant species in disturbed environments, although there is no evidence yet of its impact. It is classified by the IUCN (2019) as a species of Least Concern.

scholarly journals Pectobacterium brasiliense (soft rot and blackleg of ornamentals and potato).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janak Raj Joshi ◽  
Yuan Zeng ◽  
Amy Charkowski
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Varietal Resistance ◽  
Seed Certification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultivated Potatoes ◽  
North And South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

Abstract Pectobacterium brasiliense is a bacterial pathogen primarily infecting potato and other vegetables and ornamentals. The earliest reports of the bacterium causing disease were from Brazil in 2004 (El-Tassa and Duarte, 2004; Duarte et al., 2004). This pathogen was reported for the first time in Europe (Belgium) in 2012 (van der Wolf et al., 2017). Since then, the pathogen has been reported in many regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America. The bacterium has adapted itself to a wide range of temperatures and host species, thus it is considered a culprit for significant losses in China, South Africa, Brazil, Netherlands, Switzerland and UK (Meng et al., 2017; van der Wolf et al., 2017). Symptoms caused by P. brasiliense are indistinguishable from other soft rot Pectobacterium and Dickeya, therefore it is impossible to identify this species on the basis of field and laboratory symptoms. Unfortunately, there is no evidence of curative measures and varietal resistance (in cultivated potatoes) against this group of bacteria, so farmers rely on seed certification, exclusion and sanitation to mitigate its worst effects.

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