Erionota acroleucus (palm redeye).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Cock
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies

Abstract Although E. acroleucus has been found to be a relatively common minor pest on rattan palms (Steiner, 2001b), and is reported from a variety of crop and ornamental palms (Cock, 2015), no economic impact has been reported. It is likely that this is a species that is kept under control by its indigenous natural enemies, but could become an outbreak pest if this natural control were disrupted, e.g. by the use of insecticides, or if it were introduced into new areas and thereby freed of its natural enemies.

Biological control of Drosophila suzukii.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (054) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-eng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is native to East Asia but has widely established in the Americas and Europe, where it is a devastating pest of soft-skinned fruits. It has a wide host range and these non-crop habitats harbor the fly which then repeatedly reinvades crop fields. Biological control in non-crop habitats could be the cornerstone for sustainable management at the landscape level. Toward this goal, researchers have developed or investigated biological control tactics. We review over 100 studies, conducted in the Americas, Asia and Europe on natural enemies of D. suzukii. Two previous reviews provided an overview of potential natural enemies and detailed accounts on foreign explorations. Here, we provide an up-to-date list of known or evaluated parasitoids, predators and entomopathogens (pathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses) and summarize research progress to date. We emphasize a systematic approach toward the development of biological control strategies that can stand alone or be combined with more conventional control tools. Finally, we propose a framework for the integrated use of biological control tools, from classical biological control with host-specific Asian parasitoids, to augmentative and conservation biological control with indigenous natural enemies, to the use of entomopathogens. This review provides a roadmap to foster the use of biological control tools in more sustainable D. suzukii control programs.

Control of the Tomato Leafminer,Tuta absoluta(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in Open-Field Tomatoes by Indigenous Natural Enemies Occurring in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liora Shaltiel-Harpaz ◽  
Dan Gerling ◽  
Shaul Graph ◽  
Hendrika Kedoshim ◽  
Lotem Azolay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Tomato Leafminer ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies

The potential for managing indigenous natural enemies of aphids on field crops

1988 ◽  
Vol 318 (1189) ◽  
pp. 183-201 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies ◽  
Relative Selectivity

The co-evolution of aphids and their indigenous natural enemies means that, on field crops, biological control to a grower-acceptable level will occur only sporadically in the absence of manipulative interventions. Such interventions should focus on raising the natural enemy:aphid ratio. This ratio is far more important than the absolute number of natural enemies present. The main interventions for improving the ratio are habitat modifications, advancing in time the activity of natural enemies on the crop, reducing aphid multiplication through genetically based or induced partial plant resistance, and ingenious use of pesticide to build in relative selectivity of kill. The interactions between biological control and some of the other interventions offer exciting opportunities for managing natural enemies.

Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a serious exotic pest of fruit trees and other plants in West Africa

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Agounké ◽  
U. Agricola ◽  
H. A. Bokonon-Ganta
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
West African ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Rastrococcus Invadens ◽  
Exotic Pest ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies

AbstractRastrococcus invadens Williams has been the most important polyphagous pest of horticultural crops since 1982 in some West African countries. It originated in South-East Asia and was probably introduced on infested plant material. The pest has been reported up to 150 km north of the coast of Benin and 500 km north from the coast in Togo. Although the species is polyphagous, mango, citrus, breadfruit, banana, frangipani (Plumeria alba) and species of Ficus are among the most attacked hosts. Several indigenous natural enemies were identified, but their ability to regulate the populations of R. invadens is very low. The most important among the predators were the coccinellids Chilocorus nigrita (F.), Exochomus promtus Weise and E. troberti Mulsant and the lycaenids Spalgis spp. In Togo, an indigenous parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. ?nr aurantifrons Compere, has become adapted to the pest.

scholarly journals Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) as an attractive crop to natural enemies in onion fields

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Cláudio Paterno Silveira ◽  
Evoneo Berti Filho ◽  
Leonardo Santa Rosa Pierre ◽  
Fernanda Salles Cunha Peres ◽  
Julio Neil Cassa Louzada
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L

Onion is the third most grown vegetable crop in São Paulo state, Brazil. Organic onion farming is expected to increase in the state due to the increasing demand. Pest management in organic onion farming is based on plant extracts with insecticide effects. However, the efficacy of such plant extracts has not been proved yet, and it was observed that they do negatively affect natural enemies. Plants surrounding onion fields, and that are attractive to natural enemies, may be a good option to farmers, since they may lead to increased diversity of arthropod species and, consequently, the natural control of pest populations. This study deals with the effect of marigold plants as a resource plant to natural enemies in onion fields. The experiment was set in a certified organic farm using marigold rows at a center of an onion field. Samples were taken from marigold and the onion plants 5 m (near) and 30 m (far) from the flowering strips. Higher numbers of arthropod pests were observed in onion plants 30 m from the marigold strip, while higher numbers of predators and parasitoids were found at 5 m distance. Species richness and Shannon's diversity index were higher at 5 m from marigold. Therefore, marigold rows next to onion fields resulted in higher number of entomophagous species, potentially enhancing the natural control of onion pests. In the study field, marigold strips may be an alternative to crop sprays for organic control of onion pests.

scholarly journals Review: Contribution of Biotic Agents of Pakistan in World Agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Irshad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Past History ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
World Agriculture

Biological control has attained immense significance. Biological control is not unknown. It has a past history of successes. Natural control consists of two major components: environmental factors (abiotic) and natural enemies (biotic). Integrated Pest Management or Crop Management is considered a valuable tool in food security. It has not only been used in Pakistan but also Pakistani biotic agents have been used elsewhere in the world giving substantial economic control. These have been mainly used in the USA. With World Trade Organization protocols in operation, biological control will be of much significance. Import and export of natural enemies will be up scaling in recent times.

scholarly journals Indigenous Natural Enemies Attacking Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Umar Sanda Issa ◽  
Kofi Frimpong-A ◽  
Ibrahim Adama ◽  
Moses Brandford ◽  
Haruna Braimah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Biodiversity in and around Greenhouses: Benefits and Potential Risks for Pest Management

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Gerben J. Messelink ◽  
Jérôme Lambion ◽  
Arne Janssen ◽  
Paul C. J. van Rijn
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Exotic Pests ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies ◽  
Stimulation Of

One of the ecosystem services of biodiversity is the contribution to pest control through conservation and stimulation of natural enemies. However, whether plant diversity around greenhouses is beneficial or a potential risk is heavily debated. In this review, we argue that most greenhouse pests in temperate climates are of exotic origin and infest greenhouses mainly through transportation of plant material. For indigenous pests, we discuss the potential ways in which plant diversity around greenhouses can facilitate or prevent pest migrations into greenhouses. As shown in several studies, an important benefit of increased plant diversity around greenhouses is the stimulation of indigenous natural enemies that migrate to greenhouses, where they suppress both indigenous and exotic pests. How this influx can be supported by specific plant communities, plant characteristics, and habitats while minimising risks of increasing greenhouse pest densities, virus transmission, or hyperparasitism needs further studies. It also requires a better understanding of the underlying processes that link biodiversity with pest management. Inside greenhouses, plant biodiversity can also support biological control. We summarise general methods that growers can use to enhance pest control with functional biodiversity and suggest that it is particularly important to study how biodiversity inside and outside greenhouses can be linked to enhancement of biological pest control with both released and naturally occurring species of natural enemies.

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