Pseudomonas cichorii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Pseudomonas Cichorii ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Natural Hosts

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas cichorii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Naturally infects the following: Araceae: Scindapsus sp. (46, 3116); Compositae: Chrysanthemum morifolium, Chrysanthemum sp. (40: 473; 51, 3694j), Cichorium intybus, C. endivia (5: 275; 42: 236), Gerbera jamesonii (53, 580), Lactuca sativa (50, 1025); Cruciferae: Brassica oleracea (cabbage and cauliflower: 35: 859; 51, 2027); Papaveraceae: Papaver rhoeas, P. orientale (50, 3853); Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica (55, 4727); Solanaceae: Lycopersicon escutentum (53, 4375), Nicotiana tabacum (40: 75), Solanum melongena (57, 5808); Umbelliferae: Apium graveolens (44, 2940). In addition to these natural hosts a large number of plants from various families have been successfully infected by artificial inoculation. DISEASE: Leaf spot symptoms start as small watersoaked spots, which enlarge and rapidly become dark brown to blackish. The disease is frequently systemic and produces a rot of the centre leaves in chicory, and long dark brown streaks on the stems of tomatoes. Vascular darkening is also seen in tomato (53, 4375). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The known distribution is widespread but rather scattered. It is probably present in many more countries than those reported, which include the following: Tanzania (as P. papaveris, 35: 188); India (58, 2991); Japan (57, 5808); Taiwan (14: 738); New Zealand (53, 4375); Bulgaria (45, 929); France (51, 2027); Germany (14: 418); Italy (50, 1025); England; USA (Montana, Illinois, Florida, Georgia, New York); Barbados; Brazil (40: 75). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by water splash. It is rapid under warm, wet conditions. Seed transmission occurs in lettuce (45, 929).

Septoria cucurbitacearum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Bryonia Dioica ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Vegetable Marrow ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Cucurbita Ficifolia

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria cucurbitacearum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cucumis melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita ficifolia (=C. melanosperma), C. maxima, C. moschata, C. pepo and Bryonia dioica (=B. cretica). DISEASE: Leaf spot of cantaloupe, cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash and vegetable marrow. The visible symptoms are circular, olive brown lesions, prominent on the upper surface of the leaves. With the progress of the disease the spots enlarge, usually reaching 3-5 mm diam., occasionally 8 mm wide and soon dry up. Older lesions tend to turn white revealing several pycnidia embedded within the tissue. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Zambia); Australasia & Oceania (Australia); Europe (Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Rumania, USSR); North America (USA, Delaware, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia disseminated by water splash in wet weather or heavy dews.

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. poinsettiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. poinsettiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Euphorbia pulcherrima. DISEASE: Bacterial canker of poinsettia. The early symptoms are usually watersoaked streaks on green stems. These may extend into petioles and leaves giving spots, blotches or defoliation, and downwards into the woody stem where it produces yellowing of the cortex and browning of vascular tissue. Golden brown bacterial ooze may be seen on ruptured stems and on leaf lesions. The disease is systemic and cuttings from infected stock plants may develop poorly or not at all. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand (N. Island), USA (Florida, New Jersey, New York, MD, Pennsylvania; also Alabama (40: 310)); possibly UK (isolated in 1984, but still regarded as non-indigenous) (IMI Distribution Map 550, ed. 1, 1982). TRANSMISSION: This disease is spread in infected cuttings and probably by water splash as infection can be artificially induced by spray inoculation without wounding (41: 604).

Tubeufia cerea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract A description is provided for Tubeufia cerea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: developing on effete stromata of bark-inhabiting ascomycetes, especially members of the Diatrypaceae, probably also obtaining nutrition from the bark tissues. DISEASE: probably none, the fungus living saprobically on dead fungal tissues for at least most of its life cycle. No detailed studies of its biology in nature have been carried out. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: widely distributed in the north temperate zone with a few records from the tropics. Recorded from Austria, Belgium, Canada, Guyana, India, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, UK, USA (Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Vermont, Utah). TRANSMISSION: the ascospores are presumably air-dispersed and the conidia transmitted via water-splash, but there is no experimental evidence to support these suppositions.

Ustilago longissima. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Republic Of Georgia ◽  
Leaf Stripe

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago longissima. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Species of Glyceria, including G. maxima, G. fluitans, G. grandis, G. multiflora, G. nemoralis, G. obtusa, G. plicata, G. striata. DISEASE: Leaf stripe smut of Glyceria. Infected plants are slightly stunted, pale or yellowish-green, and usually fail to flower. Sporulation can occur throughout the growing season of the host. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread, especially in north temperate regions. Asia: India (Nilgiri Hills), USSR (Siberia); Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USSR (Estonia, Republic of Georgia, Latvia, Russia), Yugoslavia; North America: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Man, NS, Ont, Que, Sask), USA (Connecticut, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, ME, Maine, Michigan, MN, MT, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Vermont, Washington State); South America: Argentina. TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies have been reported. The powdery ustilospores are readily disseminated by wind and water. Seed transmission is considered unlikely.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Gossypium Arboreum ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Symptomless Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Apium graveolens var. dulce (celery), A. graveolens var. rapaceum (celeriac). Symptomless infection of other crop plants and weeds may occur (66, 4005). Race 1 was reported to produce root lesions on inoculated Asparagus seedlings (68, 2953). The fungus can also cause vascular wilt of Mexican sunflower (Tithonia rotundifolia 'Torch') (Armstrong & Armstrong, 1966), peas (Pisum sativum) (Armstrong & Armstrong, 1967), Asparagus, Aubergine/Eggplant (Solanum melongena) and cotton (Gossypium arboreum 'Rozi', G. barbadense 'Coastland', 'Sakel') (Armstrong & Armstrong, 1969). DISEASE: Fusarium yellows. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Taiwan; Europe: France; North America: Canada (British Columbia, Ont), USA (widespread).

Acremonium apii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle A. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Plant Debris

Abstract A description is provided for Acremonium apii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Apium graveolens. DISEASE: Brown spot of celery. The fungus causes brown lesions most noticeable on the petiole. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: British Isles; North America: Canada, USA (Colorado, Connecticut, New York). TRANSMISSION: Probably from plant debris (39, 207).

Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Olive Green

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae). DISEASE: Bacterial blight of sesame or simsim; known as 'Marad ed Dum' in the Sudan. Mainly a leaf spot disease, this starts as tiny dark olive green spots, which increase in size, becoming dark red-brown to black, and about 2-3 mm. They may be rounded or angular, and may coalesce to involve larger areas of leaf. Stems and capsules may also be infected, having oval, slightly raised, dark red-brown lesions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Sudan and India (CMI Map 494, ed 2, 1973) to which must be added Venezuela, now confirmed (54, 524; 56, 2615). TRANSMISSION: Within a crop by water splash, wind-driven rain etc. ; from one area to another by seed transmission (47, 593). Survival in seed is up to 16 months (51, 400), in soil up to 6 months.

Didymella bryoniae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Didymella Bryoniae ◽  
Gummy Stem Blight ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Characteristic Features

Abstract A description is provided for Didymella bryoniae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Cucurbits (Bryonia, Colocynthis, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Luffa, Momordica and Trichosanthes). DISEASE: Gummy stem blight of Cucurbitaceae, showing a variety of symptoms which are referred to as leaf spot, stem canker, vine wilt and black fruit rot. Lesions on leaves and fruit usually begin as spreading water-soaked areas; in the former these may have a chlorotic halo, become light brown and irregular in outline, leaves can be destroyed. On fruit, dark cracked sunken lesions form, beneath which an extensive rot is found. In the field the first symptoms may be plant collapse where sunken, girdling cankers lead to total loss. Infection also occurs on seedlings. The main characteristic features are the gummy exudate on stem and fruit lesions and the abundant pycnidia followed by perithecia, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 450, ed. 2, 1970). Records not yet mapped are: Brunei, Mexico, Netherlands, Pitcairn Islands, Republic of Ireland, Salvador. TRANSMISSION: Through conidia by water splash and aerially by ascospores which, in glasshouses in England, had a diurnal periodicity with a peak at 1800-2000 hr (46, 825; 48, 672); and in USA occurred mostly at night (50, 2621). Both spore types may serve as primary inoculum and between-crop survival is an important factor in the epidemiology. Reports on seed transmission are conflicting in cucumber, although seed could be inoculated successfully, no evidence for natural infection was found (48, 322). In the glasshouse transmission by pruning knives has been demonstrated (46, 825).

Cucurbitaria laburni. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Laburnum Anagyroides ◽  
Water Splash ◽  
Temperate Europe

Abstract A description is provided for Cucurbitaria laburni. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Laburnum anagyroides, L. alpinum, Cytisus capitatus, C. pungens, C. radiatus. DISEASE: not researched, but its presence as a primary colonizer of recently dead bark suggests that it is most probably a weak pathogen affecting moribund twigs and branches, possibly following an endophytic phase. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Temperate Europe and North America. Recorded from the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine and USA (New York, Ohio). TRANSMISSION: not studied, but the ascospores must be air-dispersed and the conidia are probably transmitted primarily through water-splash.

Pythium sylvaticum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Pythium Sylvaticum ◽  
British Colombia ◽  
Dioscorea Batatas

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium sylvaticum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASES: Seedling damping-off. HOSTS: Apium graveolens, Daucus carota (Apiaceae); Dieffenbachia sp. (Araceae); Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae); Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis, B. oleracea (Brassicaceae); Beta vulgaris, Spinacea oleracea (Chenopodiaceae); Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae); Chamaecyparis sp., Juniperus conferta (Cupressaceae); Dioscorea batatas (Dioscoreaceae); Rhododendron sp. (Ericaceae); Glycine max, Lens culinaris, Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum (Fabaceae); Pelargonium cv. (Geraniaceae); Allium cepa, Tulipa cv. (Liliaceae s.l.) Abies sp., Pinus thunbergii (Pinaceae); Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum (Poaceae); Fragaria × ananassa, Malus domestica, Sorbus aria (Rosaceae); Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae); Valerianella locusta (Valerianaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Kenya, South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada (British Colombia), USA (Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, New York, Tennessee, Washington, Wisconsin). CENTRAL AMERICA: Costa Rica. ASIA: Japan. AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated soil, organic matter (oospores) and water (sporangia).

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