Burkholderia solanacearum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Complete Listing ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Plant Families

Abstract A description is provided for Burkholderia solanacearum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The host range is one of the widest of all the phytopathogenic bacteria. The most susceptible plant family, in terms of numbers of species affected is the Solanaceae; over fifty other plant families contain susceptible species. The most economically significant hosts are listed here. For a more complete listing see Kelman (1953), Bradbury (1986) and Hayward & Hartman (1994). Arachis hypogaea, Capsicum spp., Gossypium hirsutum, Ipomoea batatus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Manihot esculenta, Musa spp., Nicotiana spp., Solanum melongena, Solanum tuberosum & Zingiber officinale. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt. Infection is systemic, producing a wilt of parts or the whole plant. Vascular system may become discoloured, bacterial ooze can be produced and plants may be stunted and chlorotic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world (see data sheets on quarantine pests). TRANSMISSION: A variety of modes of transmission exist which are host dependant. Infected planting material and true seed is responsible for the spread of bacterial wilt of banana, ginger, groundnut, potato and tomato, whilst transport of latently infected in seedlings (stawberry) and the actions of insect (Moko disease of banana) and weather (tobacco) have all been implicated. For a review see Kelman et al. (1994).

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lycopersicon spp., including L. esculentum Mill. (tomato). Plants from several families may also be susceptible to some strains, in particular Capsicum frutescens L., Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae), Arachis hypogea L., Astragalus glycyphyllos L., Glycine max (L.) Merr., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., Trifolium spp., Vicia faba L., (Leguminosae), Cucumis spp. (Cucurbitaceae), Beta vulgaris L. and Spinacia oleracea L. (Chenopodiaceae) (Jarvis & Shoemaker, 1978; 69, 7094; 73, 7659). DISEASE: Crown and root rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Crete, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, UK, USA. TRANSMISSION: Long range dissemination is via contaminated seed (73, 5786), diseased planting material (70, 1472) and by movement of infected soil/compost (64, 2160). Locally, conidia are readily spread by water flow, e.g. in irrigation or hydroponic systems (71, 4871, 4872, 6378). Some airborne dispersal of microconidia has been detected in glasshouses (Rowe et al., 1977), presumably resulting from splash droplet formation following sporulation on nearby plant debris. Fungus gnats have been reported to transport the fungus (73, 5534).

Pythium myriotylum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium myriotylum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ananas comosus, Arachis hypogaea, Carica papaya, Citrullus vulgaris, Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Robinia pseudoacacia, Solanum melongena, Zingiber officinale. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings including tobacco, black locust and watermelon; seedling root rot of lucerne, papaw and tomato; soft rot of ginger rhizomes and fruit rot of watermelon, cucumber and eggplant. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Common only in warm climates: Africa (Madagascar, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa); Asia (Ceylon, India, Sumatra); Australasia (Australia); North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Incidence reported highest in virgin soil containing abundant decomposing organic matter (37: 244). Spread by aerial mycelium under conditions of high humidity (10: 210). Transport over long distances on ginger rhizomes has been reported (22: 197).

Diseases infecting ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): A review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gupta Meenu ◽  
Manisha Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
The World

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important spice crop in India, which is also one of the leading producer and exporter of ginger in the world. During cultivation, the crop is severely infected by various diseases of them soft rot, yellows, Phyllosticta leaf spot, storage rot, bacterial wilt, mosaic, chlorotic fleck are important. These diseases reduce the potential yields drastically. The geographical distribution, losses, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle, epidemiology and host resistance, cultural, biological, chemical and integrated management of above mentioned diseses have been discussed in the present paper.

scholarly journals Leveraging early dry season planting of ginger under irrigation to enhance production from bacterial wilt infected seed rhizome

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-275
Author(s):  
Asfaw Kifle ◽  
Derbew Belew
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Moisture Sources ◽  
Latently Infected

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), one of the important export crops grown in Ethiopia for its underground aromatic rhizome, is threatened by the destructive Ginger Bacterial Wilt (GBW) disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of moisture sources, plant spacing, and nitrogen fertiliser, on rhizome yield and yield attributes of latently infected ginger seed rhizomes. Treatments included two levels of moisture sources (irrigation and rainfall), two levels of plant spacing (40 cm x 15 cm and 40 cm x 30 cm), and three rates of nitrogen fertiliser, i.e., 0, 46 and 92 kg N ha 1 applied in the form of urea. Analysis of variance showed significant (P<0.01) variations between moisture sources and planting space for fresh rhizome yield, but not for N levels. Moisture sources also significantly (P<0.01) affected stand count at harvest, and other yield attributes, viz., number of buds per rhizome per hill, number of rhizomes per plant, rhizome size and rhizome and propagule weight. Planting infected ginger rhizomes early in dry season, with irrigation, led to production of healthy and large rhizomes weighing up to 662 g. Narrow plant spacing showed better yield performance and yield attributes, as opposed to wide spacing; though wide plant spacing was more preferred for management of Ginger Bacterial Wilt during humid and warm weather conditions. This experiment clearly demonstrated that planting ginger rhizomes, which are latently infected with Ralistonia solanacearum early in dry season, using irrigation could be the best option to propagate disease free rhizomes since dry condition successfully restrains bacterial development, disintegrating the pathosystem. i.e., avoiding high humidity, which is one of the ideal conditions for bacterial growth. Early planting in dry season, using irrigation is a cost effective and easily applicable practice to control Ginger Bacterial Wilt disease.

In silico mining of WRKY TFs through Solanum melongena L. and Solanum incanum L. transcriptomes and identification of SiWRKY53 as a source of resistance to bacterial wilt

Plant Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 100278
Author(s):  
Pallavi Mishra ◽  
A.N. Tripathi ◽  
Sarvesh P. Kashyap ◽  
Mohd Aamir ◽  
Kavindra N. Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Solanum Incanum ◽  
In Silico Mining

RNA-Seq-derived identification of differential transcription in the eggplant ( Solanum melongena ) following inoculation with bacterial wilt

Gene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Chen ◽  
Bingwei Yu ◽  
Riyue Dong ◽  
Jianjun Lei ◽  
Changming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Differential Transcription

Xanthomonas oryzae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Weed Hosts

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas oryzae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Oryza sativa. Natural infection of Leersia oryzaides, Leersia oryzaides var. japonica and Zizania latifolia[Zizania aquatica] is known (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1959). Natural infection of Cyperus rotundus and C. difformis was reported in India (48, 460), but inoculation of these hosts in the Philippines failed (48, 1689). By inoculation many wild species of Oryza (45, 1789), Leptochloa filiformis (48, 1689), L. chinensis, L. panacea and Zizania aquatica (48, 1683) have all been found susceptible. DISEASE: Bacterial blight of rice and kresek disease of rice. Blight most commonly appears on leaves of young plants, after planting out, as water-soaked stripes at the margins. These enlarge and coalesce to give the characteristic yellowish lesions with wavy edges that occur mainly along the margins of the upper parts of the leaves. These lesions may later expand to cover much of the leaf, which turns whitish or greyish and dies. Leaf sheaths of the more susceptible varieties may be affected. Kresek, which occurs in tropical regions, is a strong systemic infection in which leaves or whole young plants wither and die. In older plants the leaves become pale yellow. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Limited to Asia (CMI Map 304, ed. 2, 1964). Occurrences not shown on this map include Korea, Taiwan and Indonesia (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Spread locally by wind and rain and also by flood and irrigation waters; gains entry to the field in infected planting material, to the nursery in seed, and to both nursery and field from volunteer rice plants and weed hosts usually via the irrigation water. Overwintering may occur on volunteers, on or in the rhizospheres of weed hosts, in stored infected straw and in seed, but it is unlikely in soil and plant debris exposed to the weather, at least under Japanese conditions (Mizukami & Wakimoto, 1969). Infection is through hydathodes and wounds. Penetration through stomata results in a build-up of bacteria in the intercellular spaces, but it is not until they have been exuded on to the leaf surface and re-admitted through the hydathodes and thence into the vascular system, that symptoms of the disease appear (46, 2720).

Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Black Shank

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, N. tabaci, N. spp., and on Amaranthus sp., Commelina benghalensis, C. nudiflora, Lycopersicon esculentum, Ricinus communis, Solanum melongena; also on wound inoculated Buxus sp., Daucus carota, Hedera helix, Ipomoea batatas and Trema amboensis. DISEASE: Black shank of tobacco. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Malawi, Mauritius, Uganda); Asia (Ceylon, China, Formosa, India, Indonesia, Japan, Java, Malaya, Philippines, Sumatra); Central America & West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo, Trinidad); Europe (Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, persisting in soil for at least 4 years between tobacco crops, and not eliminated by a 3 year rotation or a 4 year fallow (41: 409; 39: 126). Tobacco leaves have been used to indicate disease potential in infested soil after serial dilution with sterile soil (42: 408). Spread in contaminated pond water used in overhead irrigation also suspected (43, 1413). Wind-borne spread up to 800 ft. has been recorded (39: 500).

Sphaerotheca fuliginea. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Sphaerotheca Fuliginea ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus

Abstract A description is provided for Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On numerous genera of Compositae, Cucurbitaceae and Scrophulariaceae. Also on Helianthemum spp. (Cistaceae); Arabis spp., Braya spp., Capscila spp., Cardaminc spp., Draba spp., Parrya spp. (Cruciferae); Dipsacus spp. (Dipsacaceae); Astragalu, spp., Glycine max, Phascolus spp., Rhynchosia spp., Vigna spp.(Leguminosae); Plantago spp. (Plantaginaceae); Hibiscus esculentus (Malvaceae); Hyoscyarnus niger, Mandragora officinalis, Petunia spp., Physalis spp., Solanum melongena (Solanaceae). (Blumer, 1967; Hirata, 1966). DISEASE: Powdery mildew of cucurbits. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Not known.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Local Dispersal

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Fragaria (strawberry). DISEASE: Vascular wilt (or yellows). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australasia: Australia (Queensland), Japan, Korea. TRANSMISSION: Infected planting material; movement of soil during cultivation. Local dispersal is via water flow and splash droplets containing macro- and microconidia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document