Diseases infecting ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): A review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gupta Meenu ◽  
Manisha Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
The World

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important spice crop in India, which is also one of the leading producer and exporter of ginger in the world. During cultivation, the crop is severely infected by various diseases of them soft rot, yellows, Phyllosticta leaf spot, storage rot, bacterial wilt, mosaic, chlorotic fleck are important. These diseases reduce the potential yields drastically. The geographical distribution, losses, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle, epidemiology and host resistance, cultural, biological, chemical and integrated management of above mentioned diseses have been discussed in the present paper.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Soft Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On begonias. Reiger-type are most susceptible, but the disease is also reported on rhizomatous, fibrous, tuberous and winter flowering hybrid varieties (Harri et al., 1975; 54, 3343). DISEASE: Bacterial wilt and leaf spot of begonias. Symptoms first appear as small isolated spots, most easily seen on the undersides of the leaves concentrated near the margins. The spots run parallel to main veins. They enlarge, become water-soaked and eventually coalesce if conditions are very moist. The result is a soft rot often leading to premature abscission of the leaves. The stems are also affected and vascular systems invaded (Digat & Vidalie 1975; 54, 3343). Blossom infection occurs (54, 3343) and young cuttings are affected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Rather scattered. Present in Canada, USA, St. Vincent, Brazil, parts of Western Europe, India, Japan, Iran, Australia and New Zealand (CMI Map 413, ed. 2, 1980). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen can survive in host plants during periods of latency (Digat & Vidalie, 1975) and in dead begonia leaf debris for at least 12 months (54, 878). The bacteria are carried from plant to plant at watering, either by splashing or being taken in through the roots (Harri et al., 1975). Entry into the plant is also through the hydathodes of the leaf margins (54, 3343; Digat & Vidalie, 1975), or less frequently through stomata under conditions of water congestion (Stann. 1961).

Burkholderia solanacearum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Complete Listing ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Plant Families

Abstract A description is provided for Burkholderia solanacearum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The host range is one of the widest of all the phytopathogenic bacteria. The most susceptible plant family, in terms of numbers of species affected is the Solanaceae; over fifty other plant families contain susceptible species. The most economically significant hosts are listed here. For a more complete listing see Kelman (1953), Bradbury (1986) and Hayward & Hartman (1994). Arachis hypogaea, Capsicum spp., Gossypium hirsutum, Ipomoea batatus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Manihot esculenta, Musa spp., Nicotiana spp., Solanum melongena, Solanum tuberosum & Zingiber officinale. DISEASE: Bacterial wilt. Infection is systemic, producing a wilt of parts or the whole plant. Vascular system may become discoloured, bacterial ooze can be produced and plants may be stunted and chlorotic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world (see data sheets on quarantine pests). TRANSMISSION: A variety of modes of transmission exist which are host dependant. Infected planting material and true seed is responsible for the spread of bacterial wilt of banana, ginger, groundnut, potato and tomato, whilst transport of latently infected in seedlings (stawberry) and the actions of insect (Moko disease of banana) and weather (tobacco) have all been implicated. For a review see Kelman et al. (1994).

scholarly journals Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Xing Li ◽  
Mingyue Ao ◽  
Chunling Zhang ◽  
Shunming Fan ◽  
Zhimin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
The World ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (ZRR, the fresh rhizoma of Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is also a traditional spice, widely used around the world. The present paper reviews advances in research relating to the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. In addition, this review also discusses some significant issues and the potential direction of future research on Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. More than 100 chemical compounds have been isolated from Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, including gingerols, essential oils, diarylheptanoids, and other compounds. Modern studies have confirmed that Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens has pharmacological effects on the nervous system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, as well as antiemetic, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the modern studies of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens are still not complete and more bioactive components and potential pharmacological effects need to be explored in the future. There is no unified standard to evaluate the quality and clinical efficacy of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. Therefore, we should establish reasonable, accurate, and reliable quality control standards to make better use of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens.

Pythium myriotylum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium myriotylum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Ananas comosus, Arachis hypogaea, Carica papaya, Citrullus vulgaris, Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Medicago sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Robinia pseudoacacia, Solanum melongena, Zingiber officinale. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings including tobacco, black locust and watermelon; seedling root rot of lucerne, papaw and tomato; soft rot of ginger rhizomes and fruit rot of watermelon, cucumber and eggplant. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Common only in warm climates: Africa (Madagascar, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa); Asia (Ceylon, India, Sumatra); Australasia (Australia); North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Incidence reported highest in virgin soil containing abundant decomposing organic matter (37: 244). Spread by aerial mycelium under conditions of high humidity (10: 210). Transport over long distances on ginger rhizomes has been reported (22: 197).

scholarly journals Some biological features of cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii) with special reference to cultivar susceptibility

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Disease Cycle ◽  
Blumeriella Jaapii ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Cherry Leaf Spot ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility

In this review, some important features of biology are summarised for cherry leaf spot (Blumeriella jaapii). In the first part of the review, the geographical distribution of the pathogen and the causal organism are described. Disease symptoms and disease cycle of cherry leaf spot are also shown. Special attention is given to hosts and then several cherry cultivars.are described in relation to their susceptibility to cherry leaf spot.

Integrated nematode management of root-knot and root lesion nematodes in Idaho potatoes: major economic limiting factors.

2021 ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
Saad L. Hafez ◽  
Sundararaj Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
The World ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract More than 68 species of plant parasitic nematodes belonging to 24 genera are associated with potato fields from different parts of the world. Among all, two groups of nematodes are important in potato production in Idaho, USA. These include root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.). This chapter discusses the symptoms and damage, distribution, host range, recommended integrated management (including chemical, cultural and host resistance methods) and interactions with other pathogens of root-knot and root lesion nematodes.

scholarly journals Host Resistance in Pyrus to Fabraea Leaf Spot

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Bell ◽  
Tom van der Zwet
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
European Pear ◽  
The World

Pear leaf spot, caused by the fungus Fabraea maculata Atk. (anamorph: Entomosporium mespili (DC.) Sacc.) occurs in most areas of the world where pears are grown. Most major cultivars of the european pear, P. communis L., for which data are available are susceptible. Ratings appearing in the literature are sometimes contradictory. This study evaluated resistance/susceptibility within a diverse collection of Pyrus cultivars and other germplasm in a randomized and replicated nursery plot using quantitative measures of disease incidence and severity. The least susceptible genotypes were the P. communis cultivars `Beurre Fouqueray' and `Bartlett', the P. pyrifolia cultivars `Imamura Aki', and the P. communis × P. ussuriensis hybrid NJ 477643275.

Молекулярно-клеточные механизмы стресс-протективной активности растительного адаптогенного средства «Кардекаим» на фоне острого эмоционального стресса

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Эльвира Алексеевна Алексеева ◽  
О. Г. Димитров ◽  
Л. Н. Шантанова ◽  
С. М. Николаев ◽  
Е. Н. Карева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Inula Helenium

Изучены адаптогенные свойства растительного средства «Кардекаим», представляющего собой сухой экстракт из сырья Inula helenium L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Elletaria cardamomum (L.) Maton., Caragana spinosa (L.) Wall. ex Hornem. и содержащего в качестве действующих веществ фенольные соединения и терпеноиды. Курсовое превентивное введение кардекаима в дозе 100 мг/кг в течение 7 дней перед острым эмоциональным стрессом оказывает выраженное стресс-протективное действие, препятствуя развитию признаков «триады Селье»: инволюции вилочковой железы (40 %), язвенным повреждениям слизистой оболочки желудка (в 5 раз) и в меньшей степени — гипертрофии надпочечников (p ≤ 0,05), полученный эффект не уступает препарату сравнения — экстракту элеутерококка. Показано, что повышение резистентности к стрессу под влиянием кардекаима сопровождается активацией синтеза белков теплового шока (Hsp-70), не связанной со стресс-индуцированной генерацией NO.

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