Quarantine.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Devorshak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
Exotic Pests ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
New Pest

Abstract Every country has an organization that serves as the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO), charged with protecting the natural and cultivated plant resources of its territories. Preventing the introduction and spread of exotic pests is the primary function of every NPPO. Preventing introduction (i.e. the entry and establishment of a new pest, http://www.ippc.int) is significantly more efficient and more effective than attempting to 'cure' a pest problem after a pest has been introduced. We have many more options for dealing with pests while they remain offshore (e.g. pre-border) - everything from quarantines, treatments, inspection and a range of other phytosanitary measures can all be implemented to prevent new introductions. However, in spite of the best efforts of NPPOs, new pests may be introduced into our territories; and once pests have been introduced, options for dealing with such pests may be limited.

Methodological foundations of plant protection from dangerous pests in nurseries of fruit and berry crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
A. S. Zeynalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures

In the production of planting material, it is important to choose a healthy, highly productive source material, with typical varietal characteristics, and, if necessary, their disinfection), as well as reliable protection against dangerous pests at further stages of cultivation. This requires a scientifically based methodological approach and phytosanitary measures in several areas. First of all, it is required to study and classify in detail hazardous pests and pathogens, select methods for accounting and identifying in accordance with their degree of danger and the quality category of planting material. Apply comprehensive measures to prevent the entry of pests in the territory of growing planting material and timely eliminate the centers of potential threat.

scholarly journals Hungarian fruits and vegetables of high anti-oxidant activity as functional foods (Review article)

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. Veres ◽  
É. Domokos-Szabolcsy ◽  
J. Koroknai ◽  
L. Dudás ◽  
I. J. Holb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Vegetable Foods

Recently, projects aiming to enhance the consumption of fruits and vegetables are intensified. Experts agree in the principle of fresh vegetable foods being a valid panacea in averting risks of ailments as well as curing immune-insufficiency, inflammations, moreover, certain cancerous processes. It is generally accepted that among substances of biological activity the anti-oxidant compounds such as vitamins C, E and carotenoids, etc. have the major role in this process. Hungarian agriculture has outstanding chances in utilising its natural as well as cultivated plant resources and favourable climatic conditions. It would be, however, necessary to build up a databank of anti­oxidant substances found in fruits and vegetables and including the modifying effects of technology, growing site, variety, etc. The concept of promoting the trade of Hungarian food-specialities as "Hungaricum" needs, urgently, the aid of a databank of that kind. Some of those excellent products are for instance the sour cherry, pepper and onion. They enjoy high priority as "Hungaricum" in the EU and it should be enhanced by intense and consequent research work, which may prove their role as functional foods. The USA is the leading country in research on the anti-oxidant substances of sour cherries, and up to now more than 17 compounds have been found in Hungarian varieties among others. In pepper fruits used as vegetable and source of vitamin C, the analyses are still lacking because research of the past concentrated on the products of milled spice pepper. Onion and garlic are entirely unexplored in this respect. It should be noted that availability of these fresh products in the moderate climate is restricted to a relatively short season. For that reason, some processing and preservation methods are needed in order to use those fruits and vegetables as functional foods all around the year. The scientifically founded endeavour as a solution of the questions mentioned is stimulated by vigorous commercial interests as well as by the urgent needs of the consumers to improve their health.

scholarly journals The Risk of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles Associated with Imported Non-Coniferous Wood and Potential Horizontal Phytosanitary Measures

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Fabienne Grousset ◽  
Jean-Claude Grégoire ◽  
Hervé Jactel ◽  
Andrea Battisti ◽  
Anita Benko Beloglavec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Full Detail ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Coniferous Wood

Many bark and ambrosia beetle species (Coleoptera: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) are known to have spread worldwide in relation to international trade. Concerns have been expressed within the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) about recent introductions of non-indigenous species of these groups. Regulation of the non-coniferous wood trade into many EPPO member countries is currently not sufficient to cover such risks. In 2018–2019, an EPPO study on the risk of bark and ambrosia beetles associated with imported non-coniferous wood was carried out, and the key characteristics contributing to the pest risk from introduced species were determined using expert consensus. This paper summarizes the key findings of the study, which are available in full detail on the EPPO website. The study identified biological and other risk factors and illustrated them with examples from 26 beetle species or groups of species known to be invasive or posing a threat to plant health. These representative species were classified into three categories based on known damage and level of uncertainty. In the present article, factorial discriminant analyses were used to identify features of bark and ambrosia beetle biology associated with damage caused and invasiveness. Based on the information assembled and consideration of the risk factors, it was recommended that in order to prevent the introduction of new bark and ambrosia beetles via non-coniferous wood commodities, horizontal phytosanitary measures should be adopted, irrespective of the host plant species and the origin (i.e., for all genera of non-coniferous woody plants and from all origins). Phytosanitary measures are presented here for various wood commodities.

scholarly journals SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LEMON BALM (Melissa officinalis L.) VARIETIES TO SEPTORIA LEAF SPOT (Septoria melissae Desm.) IN HUNGARY

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Gergő Kovács ◽  
Éva Zámbori-Németh ◽  
Géza Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is a widely cultivated plant in Europe. Septoria melissae Desm. is the most important pathogen of lemon balm crops, which may cause serious yield loss by the severe leaf fall. As chemical control of the pathogen is restricted, alternative plant protection methods, like the use of tolerant varieties, should be taken under consideration. The goal of our work was to evaluate the susceptibility of three lemon balm varieties to Septoria leaf spot in field. The trials were carried out in 2016 and 2017 in Budapest-Soroksár, Hungary. Dynamics of infection showed characteristic sharp increase from the beginning of August in both years. The lowest infection levels were observed in cultivar ‘Lemona’. The disease incidence in the middle of August was 19% in the first year and 59% in the second year, while these values were over 40% and 70% in the other cultivars ‘Soroksári’ and ‘Quedlinburger Niederliegende’, respectively. The manifestation of symptomps was also significantly lighter on the ‘Lemona’ plants and they had the highest ratio of healthy leaves (81%) compared to the other cultivars. According to the data, weather conditions might modify the range of the differences among the cultivars. It was concluded that appropriate selection of varieties could be an effective and enviromental friendly plant protection method in the practice of lemon balm cultivation.

EPPO perspective on Agrilus planipennis (Emerald Ash Borer) and Agrilus anxius (Bronze Birch Borer)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Petter ◽  
A Orlinski ◽  
M Suffert ◽  
A S Roy ◽  
M Ward
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Horizon Scanning ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Bronze Birch Borer ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract One of the main aims of EPPO is to help its member countries to prevent entry or spread of dangerous pests (plant quarantine). The Organization has therefore been given the task of identifying pests which may present a risk (early warning/horizon scanning), evaluating their risk for the region and making proposals on the phytosanitary measures which can be taken against them (Pest Risk Analysis). Standards are also developed, including standards on how to eradicate and control pests. In addition to the development of Standards, activities on communication and citizen science (development of guidelines on raising public awareness and the production of toolkits to use in raising awareness campaigns) have also recently been started. The EPPO Secretariat was alerted by the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of Sweden in 2003, and Norway in 2010, to two potential new pests, Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire) and Bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius (Gory) respectively. Because of the importance of these two pests for forest species in the EPPO region, member countries agreed that EPPO recommendations should be prepared. The different EPPO activities relevant to A. planipennis and A. anxius are presented, highlighting the challenges they currently pose to the region.

scholarly journals Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter, 1891) – a new pest thrips (Thysanoptera: Panchaetothripinae) in Slovakia

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Varga
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
A New Species ◽  
New Pest

Monitoring of pest species in plant production and extended trade on ornamental plant material, including precise identification, are the main goals of modern plant protection. As a result, a new species of phytophagous thrips – <I>Hercinothrips femoralis</I> (Reuter, 1891) was recorded in Slovakia (experimental greenhouse in Comenius University, Bratislava) in mid 2007. Some plant specimens infested by this pest showed signs of lesions especially on young leaves. The species has been reported in more European countries recently. Due to the potential damage it can cause, increased attention should be paid to pest monitoring.

Pest Risk Management in Trade: The Opportunity from Using Integrated Combined Measures in a Systems Approach (ISPM 14)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
M. Megan Quinlan ◽  
Adrian Leach ◽  
Michael Jeger ◽  
John Mumford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Phytosanitary Measure ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
Pest Risk

During the International Year of Plant Health, the role of pest risk management in trade is reemphasised. Systems Approach uses a combination of measures to reduce pest risk, making it more robust against failure than a single pre-export phytosanitary measure. The original context for formalising Systems Approach in an International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM 14) is considered next to today's global situation. A summary of advantages and challenges for implementation concludes with recommendations. The use of decision support tools is highlighted as one way to increase confidence in the efficacy of a system that may include very different types of measures with varying kinds of supportive evidence. Ultimately trust and confidence between trade partners is key to finding pest risk management that allows safe trade. At a time of global economic stress, this article encourages those involved in trade to embrace Systems Approach as an effective approach to preventing the spread of plant pests, as coordinated by the International Plant Protection Convention and its over 180 member countries.

scholarly journals The National Plant Diagnostic Network: Partnering to Protect Plant Systems

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Stack ◽  
Richard M. Bostock ◽  
Raymond Hammerschmidt ◽  
Jeffrey B. Jones ◽  
Eileen Luke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
State And Local

The National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN) has developed into a critical component of the plant biosecurity infrastructure of the United States. The vision set forth in 2002 for a distributed but coordinated system of plant diagnostic laboratories at land grant universities and state departments of agriculture has been realized. NPDN, in concept and in practice, has become a model for cooperation among the public and private entities necessary to protect our natural and agricultural plant resources. Aggregated into five regional networks, NPDN laboratories upload diagnostic data records into a National Data Repository at Purdue University. By facilitating early detection and providing triage and surge support during plant disease outbreaks and arthropod pest infestations, NPDN has become an important partner among federal, state, and local plant protection agencies and with the industries that support plant protection.

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