EPPO perspective on Agrilus planipennis (Emerald Ash Borer) and Agrilus anxius (Bronze Birch Borer)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Petter ◽  
A Orlinski ◽  
M Suffert ◽  
A S Roy ◽  
M Ward
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Horizon Scanning ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Bronze Birch Borer ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract One of the main aims of EPPO is to help its member countries to prevent entry or spread of dangerous pests (plant quarantine). The Organization has therefore been given the task of identifying pests which may present a risk (early warning/horizon scanning), evaluating their risk for the region and making proposals on the phytosanitary measures which can be taken against them (Pest Risk Analysis). Standards are also developed, including standards on how to eradicate and control pests. In addition to the development of Standards, activities on communication and citizen science (development of guidelines on raising public awareness and the production of toolkits to use in raising awareness campaigns) have also recently been started. The EPPO Secretariat was alerted by the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of Sweden in 2003, and Norway in 2010, to two potential new pests, Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire) and Bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius (Gory) respectively. Because of the importance of these two pests for forest species in the EPPO region, member countries agreed that EPPO recommendations should be prepared. The different EPPO activities relevant to A. planipennis and A. anxius are presented, highlighting the challenges they currently pose to the region.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Overview of the Monogamous Marriage in a Multiregion Framework: Modelling and Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Mustapha Lhous ◽  
Omar Zakary ◽  
Mostafa Rachik
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this paper is to develop a new mathematical model to study, analyze, and control the family status in several regions and to discuss the impact of the connectivity of regions and the mobility of residents on the marital status of the family, by adopting a multiregion discrete-time model. The modelling and the control process of the system that describes the case of monogamous marriages in a multiregion framework are considered. Two combined control strategies are proposed, which allow reducing the virgin and divorced individuals and increasing the number of married individuals in a specific region. The first control is considered as the impact of public awareness campaigns to educate virgin men and women about the benefits of marriage for the individual and the society; the second control characterizes the legal procedures, administrative complications, and the heavy financial and social consequences of divorces. The optimal control theory is applied to characterize such optimal strategies and determined numerically using a progressive-regressive discrete scheme to discuss the obtained results.

scholarly journals Developing a European Toolbox to manage potential invasion by emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) and bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius), important pests of ash and birch

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
H F Evans ◽  
D Williams ◽  
G Hoch ◽  
A Loomans ◽  
M Marzano
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
The State ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Bronze Birch Borer ◽  
The Subject

Abstract The threats posed by the buprestid beetles emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) and bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius Gory) have been the subject of considerable research, primarily to develop methods for detection and management of the pests. PREPSYS, a Euphresco project, has worked with collaborators globally to assess the ‘state of the art’ for the two insect pests and to identify those measures that would best prepare Europe for potential invasion by the pests, especially emerald ash borer which is now in the western part of Russia and in eastern Ukraine. Building on an excellent exchange of knowledge and discussion at the OECD-sponsored international conference held in Vienna in October 2018, the concept of a European Toolbox to increase preparedness for dealing with the pests has been developed. This includes key components including surveillance, direct intervention, use of natural enemies and increased awareness of the problems associated with the pests. Collaboration is essential in delivering and refining the European Toolbox.

scholarly journals Emerald Ash Borer Approaches the Borders of the European Union and Kazakhstan and Is Confirmed to Infest European Ash

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Mark G. Volkovitsh ◽  
Andrzej O. Bieńkowski ◽  
Marina J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
European Ash

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, native to East Asia, is an invasive pest of ash in North America and European Russia. This quarantine species is a threat to ash trees all over Europe. Survey in ten provinces of European Russia in 2019–2020 showed that EAB had spread faster and farther than was previously thought. The new infested sites were first detected in St. Petersburg (110–120 km from the EU border: Estonia, Finland) and Astrakhan Province (50 km from the Kazakhstan border). The current range of EAB in Europe includes Luhansk Province of Ukraine and 18 provinces of Russia: Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Kaluga, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Orel, Ryazan, Smolensk, St. Petersburg, Tambov, Tula, Tver, Vladimir, Volgograd, Voronezh, and Yaroslavl. Within these, only seven quarantine phytosanitary zones in five provinces are declared by the National Plant Protection Organization of Russia. EAB was not found in the regions along the Middle Volga: Mari El, Chuvash and Tatarstan republics, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara and Saratov provinces. The infested sites in St. Petersburg and in the Lower Volga basin are range enclaves separated from the core invasion range by 470 and 370 km, correspondingly. It is possible that new enclaves can appear in the cities of Eastern Europe and Kazakhstan far from the current known range. All previously known infestations in European Russia were in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), which was introduced from North America, and individual trees of European ash (F. excelsior). A first confirmed case of mass decline of several thousand of EAB-infested European ash trees in Moscow province is provided. Therefore, there is no more doubt that under certain conditions EAB can seriously damage native ash trees in European forests.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and public awareness.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1710-1716
Author(s):  
Naveed Ahmed ◽  
Azka Rizvi ◽  
Ayesha Naeem ◽  
Waqas Saleem ◽  
Altaf Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Objectives: To determine and assess the level of awareness and knowledge regarding COVID-19 the among residents of Lahore. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Different Institutions in Lahore. Period: March 2020. Material & Methods: The present study was organized by the Department of Microbiology, Pakistan kidney and liver institute & research center. Respondents filled a pre-tested structured questionnaire consisting of 21 multiple-choice questions. The variables were accessed their knowledge of disease regarding etiology, mode of transmission, prevention and control measures of COVID-19 infection. A total of 1875 questionnaires were collected. Results: The data showed that 49.6% of respondents were male and rest 50.4% were females. From the total data 6.56% of respondents were doctors by profession. While 14.4% were nurses, 6.08% laboratory & other medical staff and 72.96% were students. 74.68% of respondents give correct answers on their knowledge about COVID-19, while 13.92% of respondents were wrong. 65.6% were aware about cause of COVID-19. However, 34.4% of participants were not aware of its cause. 60.0% of our respondents were not aware about symptoms and treatment. 89.04% of participants have no knowledge about transmission. 26.96% of respondents even didn’t know how to prevent this pandemic disease. Conclusion: Awareness campaigns should be conducted to make people aware of the ways COVID-19 spreads, its mode of transmission, severity of infection and preventive measures to minimize its spread as well as chances to acquire COVID-19 infections. It is important to understand the need to educate people, especially from lower socio-economic statuses as they might not know about these infections and how its spreads.

scholarly journals Knowledge, awareness and practices of Pakistani professionals amid-COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samea Khan ◽  
Usman Shah Gilani ◽  
Syed Muhammad Muslim Raza ◽  
Tanveer Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Populous Country

AbstractEnd of the year 2019 marks an unprecedented outbreak of a pandemic named COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2. It was first discovered in China and later spread to the whole world, currently inflicting almost 200 countries. After China, few other countries have emerged as potential epicenters of this disease including the US, Italy, Spain and Pakistan, as indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Since proper preventive and curative measures in the form of a vaccine or medication are currently unavailable throughout the world, the only remedy devised to stop the spread of this virus is self-isolation. Such a measure necessitates ample awareness and understanding among people to avoid actions that lead to the spread of this virus. Pakistan is the fifth-most populous country in the world (212.2 million) and has a record of contagious outbreaks in the past. Therefore, it is key to evaluate the general understanding regarding the cause, spread and control of this disease in Pakistani population and acquire data to anticipate the possible spread and persistence of this disease to design relevant preventive measures. We have attempted to collect such data from professionals who are susceptible to acquiring the infection due to an unavoidable exposure. Keeping in view the current lock down, we have relied on an internet based collection of data by filling a self-designed questionnaire that is responded to by 1132. Descriptive and Frequency Analysis were performed on the responses received using MS Excel and SPSS software. A total of 1132 individuals responded to the questionnaire among which include academic (45.8%), non-academic (20.8%), healthcare (7.8%), security (5.9%) and other (19.7%) professionals. The questionnaire addressed the level of basic information regarding the cause, spread, cure and prevention of this disease among professionals, in an attempt to provide directions for awareness campaigns at different levels in Pakistan and provide a model for similar outbreaks in the future.To our expectations, almost after a month of the coronavirus outbreak in Pakistan, above 50% to up to 90% of the recorded responses against every question showed ample understanding regarding the cause, spread and control of the disease which is an indicator of effective public awareness campaigns throughout the country largely based on media drive.

scholarly journals Evaluation of General Awareness Among Professionals Regarding COVID-19: A Survey Based Study from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Samea Khan ◽  
Usman Shah Gilani ◽  
Syed Muhammad Muslim Raza
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Populous Country

Abstract End of the year 2019 marks an unprecedented outbreak of a pandemic named COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2. It was initiated in China and later spread to the whole world, currently inflicting almost 200 countries. After China, few other countries have emerged as potential epicenters of this disease including the US, Italy, Spain and Pakistan, as indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Since proper preventive and curative measures in the form of a vaccine or medication are currently unavailable throughout the world, the only remedy devised to stop the spread of this virus is self-isolation. Such a measure necessitates ample awareness and understanding among people to avoid actions that lead to the spread of this virus. Pakistan is the fifth-most populous country in the world (212.2 million) and has a record of contagious outbreaks in the past. Therefore, it is key to evaluate the general understanding regarding the cause, spread and control of this disease in Pakistani population and acquire data to anticipate the possible spread and persistence of this disease to design relevant preventive measures. We have attempted to collect such data from professionals who are susceptible to acquiring the infection due to an unavoidable exposure. Keeping in view the current lock down, we have relied on an internet based collection of data by filling a self-designed questionnaire that is responded to by 1132. Descriptive and Frequency Analysis were performed on the responses received using MS Excel and SPSS software. To our expectations, almost after a month of the coronavirus outbreak in Pakistan, above 50% to up to 90% of the recorded responses against every question showed ample understanding regarding the cause, spread and control of the disease which is an indicator of effective public awareness campaigns throughout the country largely based on media drive.All authors contributed equally to this work.

scholarly journals Improving trapping methods for buprestid beetles to enhance monitoring of native and invasive species

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Imrei ◽  
Zsófia Lohonyai ◽  
György Csóka ◽  
József Muskovits ◽  
Szabolcs Szanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Bronze Birch Borer

Abstract Most of the current understanding of the orientation and communication of jewel beetles arose from research on the Asian emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, which has become one of the most destructive invasive forest insect pests in history following its introduction to North America and European Russia. From a European perspective, a number of jewel beetles have a high invasive risk similar to that of the emerald ash borer, including the potential threat of the bronze birch borer Agrilus anxius, the goldspotted oak borer Agrilus auroguttatus, and the twolined chestnut borer Agrilus bilineatus. Native jewel beetles expanding their geographic range include the cypress jewel beetle Ovalisia festiva and the black-banded oak borer Coraebus florentinus. Other native species are increasing in their importance, including the flathead oak borer Coraebus undatus, the two-spotted oak borer Agrilus biguttatus, the flatheaded beech borer Agrilus viridis and Agrilus cuprescens. Commonly used prism and multi-funnel trap designs and other promising experimental trap designs have been tested and compared in the US and in Europe. One factor considered has been colouration, typically purple and green. Another is olfactory attraction, both to plant volatiles and extracts such as (Z)-3-hexenol, Manuka oil, Phoebe oil and Cubeb oil, and also to pheromones such as (Z)-3-lactone, for emerald ash borer. Field observations have been made of mating and host-finding behaviours of oak buprestids based upon visual stimuli in North America and Europe. By using pinned dead EAB models, visual mating approaches have been observed by males of Agrilus biguttatus, Agrilus sulcicollis and Agrilus angustulus, which is a behaviour similar to that previously observed in EAB. Green plastic-covered branch-traps significantly out-performed other trap designs and caught more Agrilus jewel beetles if an artificial visual decoy that copies a beetle body was included. A higher fidelity decoy offered the same distinctive light-scattering pattern as real resting EAB females and elicited the full sequence of stereotypical male mating flight behaviour of EAB and A. biguttatus from up to 1 m away. An optimization of visual, olfactory and other possible stimuli has likely not yet been achieved. More sophisticated trap designs could lead to more sensitive detection capabilities with increased selectivity.

Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Kenis
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Wood Boring

Abstract The emerald ash borer, A. planipennis is an East Asian wood-boring beetle that is presently causing dramatic damage to ash (Fraxinus spp.) in the USA and Canada. Since its discovery in 2002 in Michigan, the beetle has quickly spread to at least 15 US States and Canadian Provinces, mainly through the transport of infested firewood and other wood products. In about 10 years, it is estimated that the beetle has killed over 30 million forest and ornamental trees, causing significant economic damage as well as serious concern for the survival of several ash species and related biodiversity and ecosystems in North America. The beetle has recently been discovered in the region of Moscow, from where it could invade the whole of Europe. Given its enormous impact in North America, the beetle is now on the alert list of many global, regional and national plant protection and environment protection organizations worldwide.

scholarly journals Chikungunya virus outbreak in Sint Maarten, 2013–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Henry ◽  
Lorraine Francis ◽  
Virginia Asin ◽  
Karen Polson-Edwards ◽  
Babatunde Olowokure
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Saint Martin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

This report describes the outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Sint Maarten, a constituent country of Kingdom of the Netherlands comprising the southern part of the Caribbean island of Saint Martin, from 22 December 2013 (first reported case) through 5 December 2014. The outbreak was first reported by the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Martin in the northern part of the island—the first site in the Americas to report autochthonous transmission of CHIKV. By 5 December 2014, Sint Maarten had reported a total of 658 cases—an overall attack rate of 1.76%. Actual prevalence may have been higher, as some cases may have been misdiagnosed as dengue. Fever and arthralgia affected 71% and 69% of reported cases respectively. Of the 390 laboratory-confirmed cases, 61% were female and the majority were 20–59 years old (mean: 42; range: 4–92). The spread of CHIKV to Sint Maarten was inevitable given the ease of movement of people, and the vector, island-wide. Continuing their history of collaboration, the French and Dutch parts of the island coordinated efforts for prevention and control of the disease. These included a formal agreement to exchange epidemiological information on a regular basis and provide alerts in a timely manner; collaboration among personnel through joint island-wide planning of mosquito control activities, especially along borders; notification of all island visitors, upon their arrival at airports and seaports, of preventative measures to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes; dissemination of educational materials to the public; and island-wide public awareness campaigns, particularly in densely populated areas, for both residents and visitors. The information provided in this report could help increase understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of CHIKV and guide other countries dealing with vector-borne epidemics.

Mating Behavior and Reproductive Biology of Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and Two of Its Native Congeners, the Twolined Chestnut Borer and the Bronze Birch Borer

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2620-2631
Author(s):  
Claire E Rutledge ◽  
Melody A Keena
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Copulation Duration ◽  
Mating Duration ◽  
Bronze Birch Borer

Abstract We studied the mating behavior and reproductive biology of three members of the genus Agrilus: the bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius Gory; the twolined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus (Weber); and the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire. All three species share a highly stereotyped mating behavior. However, the copulation duration of A. planipennis was 90% longer than that of its two congeners. Female reproductive tracts of the three species were anatomically similar, as were the spermatophores. Within the spermatophores, sperm were single in A. anxius and A. bilineatus, while in A. planipennis, sperm were bundled in groups of approximately 20 in a hyaline sheath. We found that field-caught A. anxius and A. bilineatus had higher rates of female insemination than A. planipennis. In additional studies with A. planipennis and A. anxius, we found that mating duration was related to mating success, and fecundity for A. planipennis, but not for A. anxius. For both A. planipennis and A. anxius, the spermatophore was passed to the female toward the end of the copulatory period. Sperm were found in the spermatheca immediately after copulation ended in A. planipennis and 30 min after copulation ended in A. anxius. We present possible explanations for these differences.

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