scholarly journals Micronutrient intakes, micronutrient status and lipid profiles among young people consuming different amounts of breakfast cereals: further analysis of data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of Young People aged 4 to 18 years

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 815-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Breakfast Cereals

AbstractObjective:To examine associations between breakfast cereal consumption and the dietary habits, nutrient intakes and nutritional status of young people, considering both nutrient adequacy and safety issues (fortification).Methods:Using archived data from 1688 children in the (British) National Diet and Nutrition Survey of Young People aged 4 to 18 years, nutrient intakes and status were compared across thirds of breakfast cereal consumption (T1 to T3), adjusted for age and energy intake. Cereals provided on average 2%, 6% and 12% of energy in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, for boys; 1%, 4% and 10%, respectively, for girls.Results:Intakes of iron, B vitamins and vitamin D were around 20–60% higher in T3 compared with T1, with significant linear relationships observed for iron, thiamin, riboflavin and folate (T1 < T2 < T3). After excluding low energy reporters and the unwell, 14% of girls had iron intakes below the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake and this varied fivefold between T1 and T3 (27%, 12% and 5%;P= 0.0001). High consumers of breakfast cereals (T3) had better folate, vitamin B12and riboflavin status and lower total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. There was also an association with thiamin and vitamin B6status in girls. However, iron status (haemoglobin, ferritin and transferrin saturation) was not significantly different between groups, possibly due to lower meat intakes in T3. Total iron intakes were within tolerable levels (maximum of 32 mg day−1in one girl taking supplements).Conclusions:The nutritional benefits of breakfast cereals are demonstrated in status measurements as well as in nutrient intakes in this study. Concerns about excessive iron intakes from fortification appear unjustified.

Risk factors for low iron intake and poor iron status in a national sample of British young people aged 4–18 years

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Thane ◽  
CJ Bates ◽  
A Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young People ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Haem Iron

AbstractObjective:To examine the prevalence and dietary, sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors of low iron intake and poor iron status in British young people.Design:National Diet and Nutrition Survey of young people aged 4–18 years.Setting:Great Britain, 1997.Subjects:In total, 1699 young people provided 7-day weighed dietary records, of which 11% were excluded because the participant reported being unwell with eating habits affected. Blood was obtained from 1193 participants, with iron status indicated by haemoglobin, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation.Results:Iron intakes were generally adequate in most young people aged 4–18 years. However, low iron intakes (below the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake) occurred in 44% of adolescent girls (11–18 years), being less prevalent with high consumption of breakfast cereals. Low haemoglobin concentration (<115 gl−1, 4–12 years; <120 or <130 gl−1, 13+ years for girls and boys, respectively) was observed in 9% of children aged 4–6 years, pubertal boys (11–14 years) and older girls (15–18 years). Adolescent girls who were non-Caucasians or vegetarians had significantly poorer iron status than Caucasians or meat eaters, independent of other risk factors. The three iron status indices were correlated significantly with haem, but not non-haem, iron intake.Conclusions:Adolescent girls showed the highest prevalence of low iron intake and poor iron status, with the latter independently associated with non-Caucasian ethnicity and vegetarianism. Risk of poor iron status may be reduced by consuming (particularly lean red) meat or enhancers of non-haem iron absorption (e.g. fruit or fruit juice) in vegetarians.

scholarly journals Iron intake and iron status of preschool children: associations with breakfast cereals, vitamin C and meat

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid A Gibso
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Breakfast Cereals ◽  
Nutritional Advice ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:To examine associations between breakfast cereal consumption and iron status and identify dietary patterns that might improve iron status in this vulnerable group.Design:Analysis of data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) of children aged 1.5–4.5 years, including dietary intakes calculated from 4-day weighed records.Subjects:Data were used from 904 children with haematological measurements, excluding those taking iron supplements; 20% had low iron stores (ferritin < 10 μg l−1) while 8% were anaemic (Hb < 11 g dl−1).Results:High cereal consumers had significantly higher iron intakes than low cereal consumers (classified by tertiles) but the 10% difference in mean ferritin levels was not significant (P = 0.067). Lower intakes of vitamin C and meat among high consumers of cereal may have diluted the impact of cereal iron on iron status. When children were reclassified according to their intakes of vitamin C and iron from meat and breakfast cereals, the group with high (above median) intakes of two or more factors had a higher mean haemoglobin (Hb) level and a lower prevalence of anaemia compared with the group with low (below median) intakes of all three dietary constituents.Conclusions:Nutritional advice that aims to improve iron status should emphasize not only rich sources of iron but also factors that may enhance or inhibit absorption. Strategies to optimize iron status in this vulnerable age group include consuming an iron-fortified breakfast cereal, vitamin C-rich fruit or drink at breakfast, and avoiding tea with (or after) meals.

scholarly journals A profile of New Zealand ‘Asian’ participants of the 2008/09 Adult National Nutrition Survey: focus on dietary habits, nutrient intakes and health outcomes

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherly M Parackal ◽  
Claire Smith ◽  
Winsome Ruth Parnell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Duration Of Residence ◽  
National Nutrition Survey

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate similarities and differences in dietary habits, nutrient intakes and health outcomes of South Asians (SA) and East and South-East Asians (ESEA) and the New Zealand European and Other (NZEO) group, and to examine differences within ‘Asian’ subgroups according to duration of residence.DesignNutrient intake data from 24 h diet recalls and data from the dietary habits questionnaire, anthropometry and biochemical analyses from the cross-sectional 2008/09 Adult National Nutrition Survey in New Zealand were compared for participants categorized as SA, ESEA and NZEO.SubjectsAdults aged 15 years and older (n 2995).SettingNew Zealand households.ResultsSA were more likely to ‘never’ eat red meat in comparison to NZEO (P<0·001) and among females also in comparison to ESEA (P<0·05). Intakes of fats and some micronutrients (riboflavin, vitamin B6, B12, Se) were lower among SA than NZEO (P<0·05). Lower intakes of Zn and vitamin B12 were reported by SA females compared with ESEA and NZEO females (P<0·05). A higher percentage of SA were obese using ethnic-specific cut-offs, had lower indices of Fe status and reported diagnosed diabetes compared with NZEO and ESEA. Recent SA male migrants had higher intakes of β-carotene, vitamin C and Ca compared with long-term migrants (P<0·05).ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that dietary habits, nutrient intakes, blood profile and body size differ significantly between Asian subgroups. It also provides some evidence for changes in dietary intakes according to duration of residence especially for SA males.

Relationship Between Dietary Factors and Bodily Iron Status Among Japanese Collegiate Elite Female Rhythmic Gymnasts

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kokubo ◽  
Yuri Yokoyama ◽  
Kumiko Kisara ◽  
Yoshiko Ohira ◽  
Ayaka Sunami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts

This cross-sectional study explored the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and associations between dietary factors and incidence of ID in female rhythmic gymnasts during preseason periods. Participants were 60 elite collegiate rhythmic gymnasts (18.1 ± 0.3 years [M ± SD]) who were recruited every August over the course of 8 years. Participants were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of ID. Presence of ID was defined either by ferritin less than 12 µg/L or percentage of transferrin saturation less than 16%. Anthropometric and hematologic data, as well as dietary intake, which was estimated via a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, were compared. ID was noted in 48.3% of participants. No significant group-dependent differences were observed in physical characteristics, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, haptoglobin, or erythropoietin concentrations. The ID group had a significantly lower total iron-binding capacity; serum-free iron; percentage of transferrin saturation; ferritin; and intake of protein, fat, zinc, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, beans, and eggs but not iron or vitamin C. The recommended dietary allowance for intake of protein, iron, zinc, and various vitamins was not met by 30%, 90%, 70%, and 22%–87% of all participants, respectively. Multiple logistic analysis showed that protein intake was significantly associated with the incidence of ID (odds ratio = 0.814, 95% confidence interval [0.669, 0.990], p = .039). Participants in the preseason’s weight-loss periods showed a tendency toward insufficient nutrient intake and were at a high risk for ID, particularly because of lower protein intake.

scholarly journals Nut consumption is associated with better nutrient intakes: results from the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Brown ◽  
Siew Ling Tey ◽  
Andrew R. Gray ◽  
Alex Chisholm ◽  
Claire Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Nut Intake

AbstractA limited number of studies have examined associations between nut consumption and nutrient intakes or diet quality. None has investigated these associations in the Southern Hemisphere. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between nut consumption and nutrient intakes among adult New Zealanders. Data from the 24-h recalls of 4721 participants from the cross-sectional 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey (2008/09 NZANS) were used to determine whole nut intake and total nut intake from all sources as well as nutrient intakes. Regression models, both unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate differences in nutrient intakes between those consuming and those not consuming nuts. From adjusted models, compared with non-whole nut consumers, whole nut consumers had higher intakes of energy and percentage of energy from total fat, MUFA and PUFA, whereas percentage of energy from SFA and carbohydrate was lower (all P≤0·025). After the additional adjustment for energy intake, whole nut consumers had higher intakes of dietary fibre, vitamin E, folate, Cu, Mg, K, P and Zn (all P≤0·044), whereas cholesterol and vitamin B12 intakes were significantly lower (both P≤0·013). Total nut consumption was associated with similar nutrient profiles as observed in whole nut consumers, albeit less pronounced. Nut consumption was associated with better nutrient profiles, especially a lower intake of SFA and higher intakes of unsaturated fats and a number of vitamins and minerals that could collectively reduce the risk for chronic disease, in particular for CVD.

scholarly journals Correlates of plasma homocysteine, cysteine and cysteinyl-glycine in respondents in the British National Diet and Nutrition Survey of Young People Aged 4–18 Years, and a comparison with the Survey of People Aged 65 Years and Over

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Bates ◽  
M. A. Mansoor ◽  
Jan Gregory ◽  
Kristina Pentieva ◽  
Ann Prentice
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
B Vitamin

Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), cysteine and cysteinyl-glycine were measured in a representative sample of 922 young people aged 4–18 years, participating in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey in mainland Britain in 1997. Both tHcy and cysteine increased markedly with age; cysteinyl-glycine less so. Neither tHcy nor cysteine differed between genders; cysteinyl-glycine was higher in males. tHcy concentrations were lowest in the winter; cysteine and cysteinyl-glycine varied only slightly with season. In respondents aged >15 years, tHcy was higher in smokers, but in respondents aged 7–11 years, tHcy was higher in those whose mothers smoked. tHcy was inversely correlated with serum folate, serum vitamin B12and vitamin B6status, but neither cysteine nor cysteinyl-glycine shared these relationships. The relationships between tHcy and B-vitamin status indices ran parallel with those of the 65 years and over survey, but at much lower tHcy concentrations for any given B-vitamin concentration. Age-adjusted tHcy was not correlated with anthropometric indices, blood pressure, haematology, plasma creatinine, urea or cholesterol, but was directly correlated with fasting triacylglycerol. We conclude that disease-risk indices, like tHcy and perhaps cysteine, if established during early life, may be modulated by diet and lifestyle, thereby providing an opportunity for public health intervention.

scholarly journals Interrelationships Among Selenium, Iron Status and Inflammatory Biomarkers Among Young Adults (P24-021-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen Larvie ◽  
Jeanne Doherty ◽  
Seth Armah
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Selenoprotein P ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Gpx Activity

Abstract Objectives Selenium deficiency is considered a risk factor for anemia of chronic inflammation, which is mediated by hepcidin. However, there are no studies providing evidence of the role of hepcidin in this relationship. In this study, we investigated the interrelationships among selenium biomarkers, hepcidin concentration, and iron status among individuals with obesity compared with their normal weight counterparts, since obesity presents with low-grade chronic inflammation Methods A total of 59 college students (18–40y) consisting of 27 individuals with normal weight and 32 individuals with overweight/obesity were recruited for this study. Fasting blood samples were collected for the analysis of iron status biomarkers, plasma selenoproteins (glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and selenoprotein P) and plasma hepcidin concentration. Subjects completed 3-day dietary records to determine average daily nutrient intakes. Regression analysis, independent t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to determine the relationships among variables. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results There were no significant differences in nutrient intakes between subjects with overweight/obesity and those with normal weight (P > 0.05). Selenoprotein P concentration, GPX activity and iron status biomarkers (serum iron, transferrin saturation and hemoglobin concentration) were lower among individuals with overweight/obesity compared with individuals with normal weight, but these differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Regression analysis showed that the relationship between hepcidin concentration and transferrin saturation depended on body weight status with an inverse relationship in subjects with overweight/obesity compared with their normal weight counterparts (P = 0.046). GPX activity (β = −0.018, P = 0.008) and selenoprotein P concentration (β = −1.24, P = 0.03) were inversely associated with hepcidin concentration (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our study showed an inverse association between selenium status and hepcidin concentration which highlights the importance of selenium in addressing inflammation-related anemia. Intervention studies on the effect of selenium supplementation on hepcidin concentration and iron status in individuals with anemia of inflammation are needed to support these findings. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals An overview of the contribution of dairy and cheese intakes to nutrient intakes in the Irish diet: results from the National Adult Nutrition Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. Feeney ◽  
Anne P. Nugent ◽  
Breige Mc Nulty ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Albert Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractDairy products are important contributors to nutrient intakes. However, dairy intakes are reportedly declining in developed populations, potentially due to concerns regarding Na and SFA in dairy foods, particularly cheese. This could impact other nutrient intakes. The present study used data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) to (1) examine dairy intakes, with a specific focus on cheese, and (2) to examine the contribution of cheese to population nutrient intakes. The NANS captured detailed dietary intake data from a nationally representative sample (n 1500) between 2008 and 2010 using 4-d semi-weighed food diaries; 99·9 % of the population reported dairy intake. Mean daily population dairy intake was 290·0 (sd 202·1) g. Dairy products provided 8·7 % of the population intake of reported dietary Na, 19·8 % SFA, 39 % Ca, 34·5 % vitamin B12 and 10·5 % Mg. Cheese alone provided 3·9 % Na intake, 9·1 % Ca, 12·6 % retinol, 8·3 % SFA, 3·7 % protein, 3·4 % vitamin B12 and 3·2 % riboflavin. High dairy consumers had greater Ca and Mg intakes per 10 MJ, greater total energy intake, greater percentage of energy from carbohydrate and SFA and lower Na intakes compared with low dairy consumers. Similar trends were observed for high consumers of cheese for most nutrients except Na. These results demonstrate that dairy and cheese are important contributors to nutrient intakes of public health interest, such as Ca and B12. Our analysis also demonstrated that food-based dietary guidelines recommending lower-fat versions of dairy products are warranted.

scholarly journals Breakfast cereal consumption in young children: associations with non-milk extrinsic sugars and caries experience: further analysis of data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey of children aged 1.5–4.5 years

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid A Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Breakfast Cereals ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Class Background ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between breakfast cereal consumption and non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) intake and the possible implications of this for caries in preschool children.MethodsData from the 1995 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) of children aged 1.5–4.5 years were reanalysed. Four-day weighed food records and dental examinations were available on 1450 children living in private households in Britain. Children were classified by tertiles (age-adjusted) according to the proportion of energy derived from breakfast cereals, and the amount of NME sugar from cereals. There were no significant differences in social class background between any of the groups.ResultsChildren with diets high in breakfast cereals as a proportion of total energy (top third) had lower proportional intakes of NMES, compared with low consumers of cereals (lowest third). Consumption of sweetened cereals was positively associated with NMES intake. However, caries experience was unrelated to breakfast cereal consumption, whether presweetened or not.ConclusionsAlthough presweetened cereals are relatively high in NMES, their cariogenic potential is probably minimal in the circumstances in which they are normally consumed.

Dietary Adequacy of the Rotary Diversified Diet: As a Treatment for “Environmental Illness”

2002 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer P. Taylor ◽  
Magdalena M. Krondl ◽  
Mark Spidel ◽  
Adele C. Csima
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Environmental Illness ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Regular Cycle ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

The rotary diversified diet, used in the management of environmental illness, consists of eliminating prohibited foods from the diet and rotating remaining non-prohibited foods and their “food families” within a regular cycle. We assessed the adequacy of nutrient intakes in 22 women prescribed the diet, described the nature of supplement use, and assessed the relationship between adherence and nutrient intake levels. Except for calcium and folacin intakes, mean nutrient intakes met or exceeded recommended levels. No subjects had calcium intakes above the adequate intake for calcium; 72.7% had folate intakes below the estimated average requirement. Intakes of other nutrients, except thiamin and magnesium, were below the estimated average requirement in less than 25% of the sample; 31.8% and 45.5% of subjects, respectively, had thiamin and magnesium intakes at this level. Those who adhered more closely to the rotary diversified diet had higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin B6, folate, and fibre than did those who followed the diet less closely. Supplements conferred some nutritional benefits; however, supplemental niacin and magnesium intakes exceeded tolerable upper intake levels. Those prescribed the rotary diversified diet require nutrition counselling from dietitians to cope with the complexity and restrictiveness of the diet.

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