scholarly journals AIDS, drought, and child malnutrition in southern Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B Mason ◽  
Adam Bailes ◽  
Karen E Mason ◽  
Olivia Yambi ◽  
Urban Jonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate trends in child malnutrition in six countries in southern Africa, in relation to the HIV epidemic and drought in crop years 2001/2 and 2002/3.DesignEpidemiological analysis of sub-national and national surveys with related data.SettingData from Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe, compiled and analysed under UNICEF auspices.SubjectsSecondary data: children 0–5 years for weight-for-age; HIV prevalence data from various sources especially antenatal clinic surveillance.ResultsChild nutritional status as measured by prevalence of underweight deteriorated from 2001 onwards in all countries except Lesotho, with very substantial increases in some provinces/districts (e.g. from 5 to 20% in Maputo (Mozambique, 1997–2002), 17 to 32% in Copperbelt (Zambia, 1999–2001/2) and 11 to 26% in Midlands province (Zimbabwe, 1999–2002)). Greater deterioration in underweight occurred in better-off areas. Areas with higher HIV/AIDS prevalences had (so far) lower malnutrition rates (and infant mortality rates), presumably because more modern areas – with greater reliance on trade and wage employment – have more HIV/AIDS. Areas with higher HIV/AIDS showed more deterioration in child nutrition. A significant area-level interaction was found of HIV/AIDS with the drought period, associated with particularly rapid deterioration in nutritional status.ConclusionsFirst, the most vulnerable may be households in more modern areas, nearer towns, to whom resources need to be directed. Second, the causes of this vulnerability need to be investigated. Third, HIV/AIDS amplifies the effect of drought on nutrition, so rapid and effective response will be crucial if drought strikes again. Fourth, expanded nutritional surveillance is now needed to monitor and respond to deteriorating trends. Finally, with or without drought, new means are needed of bringing help, comfort and assistance to the child population.

WOMEN’S SOCIAL POWER, CHILD NUTRITION AND POVERTY IN MALI

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMINIQUE SIMON ◽  
ALAYNE M. ADAMS ◽  
SANGEETHA MADHAVAN
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Childhood Nutrition ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

While the macro-level association between poverty and child malnutrition is well-established, the concept of ‘poverty’ and its operationalization in terms of measures of socioeconomic status shed little or no light on the mechanisms through which malnutrition is created and/or prevented. This paper investigates a woman’s social power, one such mechanism that may mediate the impact of poverty on childhood nutrition. This micro-level factor is examined using survey data on 402 children 5 years of age and younger and their 261 Fulbe mothers in rural Mali. A conceptual model of social power is developed and used to test the hypothesis that a mother’s social power can predict her child’s nutritional status.

scholarly journals Key Informants’ Perceptions on the Implementation of a National Program for Improving Nutritional Status of Children in Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delaram Ghodsi ◽  
Nasrin Omidvar ◽  
Arash Rashidian ◽  
Hossein Raghfar ◽  
Hassan Eini-Zinab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Tailored Implementation ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: Childhood malnutrition is a major public health issue. Multidisciplinary approach for Improvement of Nutritional Status of Children in Iran was implemented in order to reduce malnutrition among children. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the implementation aspect of the program and to explore key informants’ perceptions and experience regarding the factors affected its implementation. Methods: Data were collected through the review of secondary data and semistructured interviews at national, province, and local levels. Four layers of key informants were selected purposefully for interviewing, including policymakers, senior nutrition officers, head of Hygiene, Remedy and Insurance Affairs in Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation, and community health workers. Qualitative content analysis was carried out based on Supporting the Use of Research Evidence framework and Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases’ checklist to interpret the viewpoints of the study participants. Results: Results showed that the program had successes in improving mother’s knowledge on health, nutrition, and child care through health system and increased families’ access to food, but there were some aspects that affected program’s implementation. Some of these factors are the lack of clarity in the program’s protocol and indicators, human shortage and inadequate financial resources, poor facilities, inattention to staff motivation, insufficient commitment among different sections, poor communication and supervision among different executive sections, and program protocols designing regardless of practical condition. Conclusion: Based on the results, top-down approach in policymaking and inadequate financial and human resources were responsible for most of the challenges encountered in the implementation.

scholarly journals Mines, Migration and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Corno ◽  
D. de Walque
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Food consumption and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): a case of Thika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nafula Kuria
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the food consumption, dietary habits and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and adults whose HIV status is not established.DesignCross-sectional descriptive survey.SettingThika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya.SubjectsA random sample of 439 adults; 174 adults living with HIV/AIDS and 265 adults whose HIV/AIDS status was not established in Thika and Bungoma Districts.ResultsMajority of PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to build up the immune system and help maintain adequate weight, and there is little variety in the foods they consume. More adults who are HIV-positive are undernourished than those whose status is not established. Of the HIV-positive adults, those with a BMI of ≤18·5 kg/m2 were 23·6 % (Thika 20·0 % and Bungoma 25·7 %) while of the adults whose status is not established those with BMI ≤ 18·5 kg/m2 were 13·9 % (Thika 9·3 % and Bungoma 16·7 %).ConclusionsAdults who are HIV-positive are more likely to be undernourished than those whose status is not established, as there is a significant difference (P = 0·000) between the nutritional status (BMI) of PLWHA and those whose HIV/AIDS status is not established. PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to promote their nutritional well-being and health.

scholarly journals Changes in number and distribution of hippoptamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in the Sabie River, Kruger National Park, during the 1992 drought

Koedoe ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
Reduced Flow

The 1991/92 drought in Southern Africa and the effect of the resultant reduced flow of the Sabie River on hippopotami was investigated. Hippopotami are counted annually in the Kruger National Park's (KNP) major rivers as part of the park's monitoring pro- gramme. Two additional aerial surveys were conducted to document changes in hippopotamus population densities in the Sabie River during the drought period. The hippopotamus population decreased during the drought by 12.6 to 672 animals between July 1991 and October 1992. The highest and lowest hippopotamus densities recorded were 11.6 and 2.2 animals/km river length respectively in different river sections. Only 12 hippopotamus mortalities were recorded at the end of the 1992 dry season (October).

scholarly journals Bacterial Co-infections in HIV/AIDS-positive Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Folia Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Khademi ◽  
Arshid Yousefi-Avarvand ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽  
Fahimeh Ghanbari ◽  
Hamid Vaez
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Preventive Methods ◽  
Timely Treatment ◽  
Data Banks ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Bacterial infections are the most common complications in people with HIV/AIDS. There has been no previous report on the prevalence of bacterial co-infections in Iranian HIV/AIDS-positive subjects. Aim: To evaluate the frequency of bacterial infections in hospitalized HIV/AIDS-infected patients in Iran. Materials and methods: Based on PRISMA guidelines, a computerized search in related data banks using relevant keywords was performed in both Persian and English languages for articles that were published until March 10, 2017. A total of 1118 original articles were systematically reviewed to identify eligible studies on the prevalence of bacterial co-infections in HIV/AIDS-infected patients from Iran. After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, we extracted data from 28 eligible articles for the meta-analysis. Results: The overall bacterial infection rate among Iranian HIV/AIDS-positive individuals was estimated to be 48.6%. Gastrointestinal disorders (59.5%) were the most frequent bacterial infections in this group of patients followed by bacterial lymphadenopathy (38.9%), TB infection (38.2%), bacterial pneumonia (31.2%), brucellosis (26.3%), skin infections (13.3%) and sexually transmitted infections (9.7%). The prevalence of other bacterial infections including endocarditis, sepsis and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were 10%, 9.1%, and 6.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of a wide spectrum of bacterial co-infections, especially endemic infections, in Iranian HIV/AIDS-infected patients, is alarming and calls for urgent need to improve the currently applied diagnostic and preventive methods. In addition, timely treatment of these infections is pivotal to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates in HIV/AIDS-infected patients.

scholarly journals An exploratory study of constructions of masculinity, sexuality and HIV/AIDS in Namibia, Southern Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Brown ◽  
James Sorrell ◽  
Marcela Raffaelli
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Desnutrição infantil: experiência em uma comunidade rural

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Mirna Albuquerque Frota ◽  
Luciana Vilas Boas Polte ◽  
Ana Tereza Sá Nogueira ◽  
Ivna Silva Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Nutrition Disorders ◽  
Cultural Care ◽  
The Subject

Objetivou-se retratar a desnutrição em menores de 6 anos nas famílias rurais, assim como investigar fatores relacionados. Estudo exploratório descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado na comunidade do Sussuí, localizada em Quixadá, CE, com quatro famílias de crianças desnutridas, utilizando a observação nas visitas domiciliares e entrevista semiestruturada. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo, resultando nas categorias: Conhecendo a Desnutrição Infantil, Prejuízos da Doença na Família e Cuidado Cultural. Concluiu-se que a desnutrição infantil é assunto abordado de forma frequente, mas com pouca resolutividade, observando-se índices elevados da doença devido à ausência de funcionalidade das políticas públicas, capazes de promover a saúde dos indivíduos.Descritores: Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil, Família, Promoção da Saúde.Child malnutrition: experience in a rural communityThe aim of this work was to portray the malnutrition among children that are less than six years old in rural families as well as to investigate related factors. That is a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach, carried out in the community Sussuí, located in Quixadá, CE with four families and their malnourished children, using the observation in the home visits and semi-structured interview. We conducted content analysis, resulting the following categories: Knowing the Child Malnutrition, Disease Losses in Family and Cultural Care. It was concluded that the subject matter child malnutrition is often approached but there is no resolution, observing high rates of disease due to lack of functionality of public policies that promote the health of individuals.Descriptors: Child Nutrition Disorders, Family, Health Promotion.La desnutrición infantil: experiencia en una comunidad ruralEl objetivo era retratar la desnutrición en niños menores de seis años en los hogares rurales, así como investigar los factores relacionados. Estudio exploratorio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en La comunidad Sussuí, ubicada en Quixadá, CE con cuatro famílias con niños desnutridos, con la observación en las visitas domiciliarias y entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Se realizó un análisis de contenido, lo que resulta en las categorías: Conocer la desnutrición infantil, las pérdidas por enfermedades en la familia y Cuidado Cultural. Se concluyó que la desnutrición infantil es asunto frecuente, pero no hay solución para el problema observándose las altas tasas de enfermedad debido a la falta de funcionalidad de las políticas públicas que promuevan la salud de los individuos.Descriptores: Trastornos de Nutrición Infantil, Familia, Promoción de la Salud.

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