The self-imposed embargo: customs-related transaction costs of North Cyprus

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahro A. Berhan ◽  
Glenn P. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
The Self ◽  
North Cyprus ◽  
Related Transaction

Implications of uncertainty on firm outsourcing decisions

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
David R. King
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
New Products ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sourcing Decisions ◽  
Related Transaction

Outsourcing inherently considers what activity needs to reside within a given firm. The difficulty of exchanges between firms in the face of uncertainty affects where work on developing and producing new products is performed. Theory is developed and explored using a case study that explains firm sourcing decisions as a response to uncertainty within the context of industry structure and related transaction costs. Viewing outsourcing broadly results in a better delineation of outsourcing options. Implications for management research and practice are identified.

scholarly journals Cross-border buyout pricing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hammer ◽  
Nils Janssen ◽  
Bernhard Schwetzler
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Large Firm ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Information Production ◽  
Organizational Resources ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Effective Remedy ◽  
Related Transaction

AbstractUsing a dataset of 1149 global private equity transactions, we find that cross-border buyouts are associated with significantly higher valuation multiples than domestic ones. We attribute this finding to informational disadvantages of foreign acquirers. Consistent with this idea, we find that the spread in valuation multiples narrows when the target operates in a country with high accounting standards, when it was publicly listed prior to the buyout, and when information production is facilitated due to large firm size. Further results suggest that local partnering in a syndicate serves as an effective remedy to avoid adverse pricing effects. The spread in valuation multiples is also less pronounced for large buyout funds, presumably because they draw on sufficient organizational resources to cope with cross-border-related transaction costs.

scholarly journals Policy-related transaction costs of agricultural policies in Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. OLLIKAINEN ◽  
J. LANKOSKI ◽  
S. NUUTINEN
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Related Transaction ◽  
Environmental Programme

This paper assesses policy-related transaction costs (PRTC) associated with the main agricultural and agri-environmental policy instruments in Finland. We find that area-based income support measures entail low transaction costs as expressed in percent of payments, not only in Finland but also in other European countries. Moreover, transaction costs in the Finnish agri-environmental programme are surprisingly low. Within the agri-environmental programme, transaction costs increase with more targeted and differentiated agri-environmental measures. For the basic mandatory measures, these costs are even lower than the transaction costs for the area-based income support measures. What regards the most differentiated policy measures such as conservation of special biotopes or establishment of riparian buffer zones, transaction costs increase considerably. Combining these findings with the actual targets of the Finnish agricultural policies provides indirect evidence about the impacts of policy instruments and the efficiency of administration in implementing the instruments. For area-based income support measures, the Finnish administration seems to work very efficiently. For water protection targets, enforcement and division of labour within the administration seem to be insufficient.;

Co-operatives in chains: institutional restructuring in the Dutch fruit and vegetable industry

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Bijman ◽  
en George Hendrikse
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Related Transaction

Co-operatives play a major role in the agricultural and food industry. Co-operatives, by their very nature, are producer-oriented firms. As market conditions for food products have changed in recent decades, the question has been raised of whether co-operatives are still efficient organisations for carrying out transactions with agrifood products? This article addresses this question for the fresh produce industry in the Netherlands. Traditionally, fruits and vegetables were sold through auctions organised by grower-owned co-operatives. In the 1990s several auction co-operatives merged, transformed into marketing co-operatives, and vertically integrated into wholesale. In addition, growers set up many new bargaining associations and marketing co-operatives. These new co-operatives have started crop and variety-specific marketing programmes. For reasons of asymmetric information and investment-related transaction costs several of the new co-operative firms have also included the wholesale function.

scholarly journals Investigating pre-school children's self-regulation skills in terms of various variables in Northern Cyprus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Cemre Daggul ◽  
Ayşe Işık Gürşimşek
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Income Status ◽  
North Cyprus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family

The purpose of this study is to examine the self-regulation skills of kindergarten children in terms of various variables. The study was conducted in two different kindergarten institutions in Nicosia and Girne District of Cyprus; 122 children aged 48-72 months and their parents (mother or father). In order to measure the participant children’s self-regulation skills, Pre-School Self-Regulation Scale adapted to Turkish was used. Socio-demographic information of the children and the parents participating in the study were determined using the Personal Information Form, which consists of 5 optional questions prepared by the researchers. In the study, it was seen that the scores of the attention/impulse subscale and total scale score of the girls were significantly higher than the boys. No statistically significant difference according to the gender is found in the positive emotional subscale. There was no significant difference in the children's self-regulation skills scores in terms of parental education level, total income status of the family and the number of children in the family. This study, which was conducted for the first time to determine the self-regulatory skills of the children in pre-schools of North Cyprus and the variables affecting these skills, will contribute to the similar work in the future and educational arrangements for education system of North Cyprus.

scholarly journals Does Inter-Municipal Cooperation Really Reduce Delivery Costs? An Empirical Evaluation of the Role of Scale Economies, Transaction Costs, and Governance Arrangements

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germà Bel ◽  
Marianna Sebő
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Scale Economies ◽  
Delivery Costs ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Related Transaction

Inter-municipal cooperation in public service delivery has attracted the interest of local authorities seeking to reform public service provision. Cost saving, together with better quality and coordination, has been among the most important drivers of such cooperation. However, the empirical results on inter-municipal cooperation and its associated costs offer divergent outcomes. By conducting a meta-regression analysis, we seek to explain this discrepancy. We formulate several hypotheses regarding scale economies, transaction costs, and governance of cooperation. While we find no clear indications of the role played by transaction costs in the relationship between cooperation and service delivery costs, we find strong evidence that population size and governance are significant in explaining the relationship. Specifically, small populations and delegation to a higher tier of government seem to offer cost advantages to cooperating municipalities. As an extension of our model, we seek to disentangle service-related transaction costs based on asset specificity and ease of measurability of the service.

Turkish drilling off Cyprus risks destabilising region

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Self ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
The West ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North Cyprus ◽  
Mayoral Election ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Eu

Significance Turkey is prospecting for hydrocarbons off Cyprus in direct response to the Cypriot government’s identification of major gas reserves. The Yavuz will drill in an area which the self-declared Turkish Republic of North Cyprus (TRNC) claims lies within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Impacts Turkey risks its relations with the EU, United States and NATO and could be pushed closer to Russia. Any major confrontation with the West would put pressure on the lira, negatively affecting the economy. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan could then put the blame on ‘external forces’ rather than his own mismanagement. Erdogan could use a confrontation to divert attention from the ruling party’s defeat in the re-run Istanbul mayoral election.

scholarly journals Self-Build and Custom Housebuilding Registers in England: A Transaction-Cost and Effectiveness Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4912
Author(s):  
Grace Sadler ◽  
Sina Shahab
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Support System ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
The Self ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
The Uk

The development of the self and custom housebuilding sector can work towards increasing the supply of housing and alleviate some of the strain on the housing market in England. Although it is not a solution for everyone, improving self and custom housebuilding can add diversity to the market, increase housing affordability, and produce sustainable homes. This has been recognised by the UK Government, which has introduced legislation which aims to assist self and custom builders on the journey to building their own home. The goals of the legislation are to ensure every local authority in England keeps a register of individuals who want to build their own home, to consider this register when carrying out other planning functions, and to grant sufficient planning permissions for those on the register. This paper evaluates the ‘self-build and custom housebuilding registers’ from the perspective of transaction costs and perceived effectiveness. This is achieved through semi-structured interviews with local authority planners, private-sector planners, property developers, and national bodies. The findings of this study identify that the primary transaction costs occur in the eligibility tests stage of the register application and relate to the uncertainty felt by applicants post application. The paper concludes that these could be rectified by implementing a more consistent and fair system. The perceived effectiveness of the register varies considerably. The paper determines that the policy requires significant change in order to meet the goals it set out to achieve, which includes model Supplementary Planning Guidance documents and a robust support system for applicants.

Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Tonello ◽  
Luca Giacobbi ◽  
Alberto Pettenon ◽  
Alessandro Scuotto ◽  
Massimo Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Critical Equilibrium ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Acute Agitation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

The Nature of Rapidly Extracted Phycocyanin from the Blue-Green Alga Plectonema Boryanum

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 366-367
Author(s):  
M. Kessel ◽  
R. MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Analytical Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
The Self ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Subunit Structure ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer

The major protein of the blue-green algae is the biliprotein, C-phycocyanin (Amax = 620 nm), which is presumed to exist in the cell in the form of distinct aggregates called phycobilisomes. The self-assembly of C-phycocyanin from monomer to hexamer has been extensively studied, but the proposed next step in the assembly of a phycobilisome, the formation of 19s subunits, is completely unknown. We have used electron microscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation in combination with a method for rapid and gentle extraction of phycocyanin to study its subunit structure and assembly.To establish the existence of phycobilisomes, cells of P. boryanum in the log phase of growth, growing at a light intensity of 200 foot candles, were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.0, for 3 hours at 4°C. The cells were post-fixed in 1% OsO4 in the same buffer overnight. Material was stained for 1 hour in uranyl acetate (1%), dehydrated and embedded in araldite and examined in thin sections.

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