Eldercare hours, work hours and perceived filial obligations

Background: Given the documented importance of employment for middle-aged and older adults’ mental health, studies of the association between their number of work hours and depressive symptoms are needed. Objectives: To examine the association between the number of work hours and depressive symptoms in Korean aged 45 and over. Methods: We used data from the first wave to fourth wave of the Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging. Using the first wave at baseline, data included 9845 individuals. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. We performed a longitudinal analysis to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms by work hours. Results: Both unemployed males and females aged 45–65 years were associated with higher depressive symptoms (β = 0.59, p < 0.001; β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Females working ≥ 69 h were associated with higher depressive symptoms compared to those working 41–68 h (β = 0.25, p = 0.013). Among those both middle-aged and older adults, both males and females unemployed were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Those middle-aged female working ≥69 h were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Conclusions: An increase in depressive symptoms was associated with unemployed males and females working ≥69 h compared to those working 41–68 h. Although this association was found among middle-aged individuals, a decrease in depressive symptoms in both sexes was associated with working 1–40 h. Depressive symptoms should decrease by implementing employment policies and social services to encourage employers to support middle-aged and older adults in the workforce considering their sex and age differences.

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PARE0006 WORK PRODUCTIVITY LOSS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1289.2-1289

Author(s):

T. Pilgaard ◽

B. A. Esbensen ◽

S. E. Stallknecht

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Arthritis ◽

Productivity Loss ◽

Work Productivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Work Hours ◽

Limited Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Productivity ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Hours Of Work

Background:Limited data exist of work productivity loss in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Psoreatic Arthritis (PsA) and Spondyloarthritis (axSpA).Objectives:The objective of this research was to assess productivity loss and absenteeism in patients with RA, PsA and axSpA.Methods:The study was designed as a cross-sectional study aimed to collect patient-reported outcomes from patients with RA, PsA and axSpA in Denmark via a nurse administered questionnaires and patient journals. Patients ≥18 years with RA, PsA or axSpA were consecutively recruited for the study over a 6-month period via routine visits to outpatient rheumatology clinics. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SAS.Results:Of 488 respondents, 62% were women and mean age was 53.5 years (RA:57.4; PsA:52.6; axSpA:43.6). Average time since diagnosis was 11-15 years, however, for PsA and axSpA most patients answered 6-10 and 0-5 years, respectively. 280 (57%) answered that they had a job and completed the WPAI questionnaire (RA: 149 (51%); PsA: 48 (56%); axSpA: 83 (75%)). Average work hours was 31.9 in the last week (RA:31.2; PsA:33; axSpA:32.4). Average missed work hours were 4.3 in the last 7 days ((RA:4.0; PsA:4.2; axSpA:4.8), of which 32% was missed due to their inflammatory arthritis (RA:30%; PsA:38%; axSpA:32%). Mean absenteeism was highest for patients with PsA (mean=6.8; SD=17.7) followed by patients with axSpA (mean=5.4; SD=15.1) and with RA (mean=3.4; SD=12.2). Mean productivity loss was 20.5 (SD=23.8) for patients with RA, 27.6 (SD=25.8) for PsA and 26.3 (SD=25.8) for axSpAConclusion:We found that patients with PsA or axSpA miss more hours of work compared with patients with RA and when they are at work they have a higher absenteeism/lower productivity. This even though that both the group of patients with PsA and the axSpA were younger and had lived less time with their diagnosed disease compared with the group with RA.Disclosure of Interests:Trine Pilgaard Shareholder of: Pfizer, Employee of: Pfizer, Bente Appel Esbensen: None declared, Sandra Elkjær Stallknecht Consultant of: Pfizer

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Mandating Shorter Work Hours and Enhancing Patient Safety: A New Challenge for Resident Education

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery ◽

10.1097/01.prs.000003970h.18132.96 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 111 (1) ◽

pp. 395-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rod J. Rohrich ◽

John A. Persing ◽

Linda Phillips

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Resident Education ◽

Work Hours

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Covid-19 and The Gender Gap in Employment Among Parents of Young Children in Canada

Gender & Society ◽

10.1177/08912432211001287 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089124322110012

Author(s):

Sylvia Fuller ◽

Yue Qian

Keyword(s):

Gender Equity ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Labour Force ◽

Work Hours ◽

Labour Force Survey ◽

Educational Inequalities ◽

Class Inequality ◽

Employment Barriers ◽

Employment Gap ◽

Structural Shifts

Economic and social disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic have important implications for gender and class inequality. Drawing on Statistics Canada’s monthly Labour Force Survey, we document trends in gender gaps in employment and work hours over the pandemic (February–October 2020). Our findings highlight the importance of care provisions for gender equity, with gaps larger among parents than people without children, and most pronounced when care and employment were more difficult to reconcile. When employment barriers eased, so did the gender–employment gap. The pandemic could not undo longer-standing cultural and structural shifts motivating contemporary mothers’ employment. The pandemic also exacerbated educational inequalities among women, highlighting the importance of assessing gendered impacts through an intersectional lens.

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What makes It Difficult to keep an Intimate Relationship: Evidence From Greece and China

Evolutionary Psychology ◽

10.1177/1474704920987807 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 147470492098780

Author(s):

Menelaos Apostolou ◽

Yan Wang

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Intimate Relationship ◽

Work Hours ◽

Common Source ◽

Time And Space ◽

Cultural Contexts ◽

Personal Time ◽

Long Work Hours ◽

The Difference ◽

Relationship Strain

Keeping an intimate relationship is challenging, and there are many factors causing strain. In the current research, we employed a sample of 1,403 participants from China and Greece who were in an intimate relationship, and we classified 78 difficulties in keeping an intimate relationship in 13 factors. Among the most common ones were clinginess, long work hours, and lack of personal time and space. Clinginess was reported as a more common source of relationship strain by women, while bad sex was reported as a more common source of relationship strain by men. Fading away enthusiasm, bad sex, infidelity and children were reported as more important by older participants, while lack of personal time and space, and character issues were reported as more important by younger participants. The factor structure was similar in the Greek and in the Chinese cultural contexts, but there were also differences. In addition, there were significant interactions between the sample and the sex. For instance, for the non-monogamous factor, men gave higher scores than women in both samples, but the difference was much more pronounced in the Greek sample.

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Changes in work factors and concurrent changes in leisure time physical activity: a 12-year longitudinal analysis

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2019-106158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 309-315

Author(s):

Aviroop Biswas ◽

Kathleen G Dobson ◽

Monique A M Gignac ◽

Claire de Oliveira ◽

Peter M Smith

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Logistic Models ◽

Physical Exertion ◽

Work Hours ◽

Work Factors ◽

Skill Discretion ◽

Psychological Demands

ObjectivesThere is a paucity of longitudinal population-based studies examining whether changes in work factors are associated with concurrent changes in leisure time physical activity (LTPA). This study examines this issue using 12 years of longitudinal survey data.MethodsData were drawn from the Canadian National Population Health Survey. The initial analytical sample in 1994 of 6407 working individuals was followed every 2 years from 2000 to 2010. Seven work factors were measured as independent variables: skill discretion, decision authority, psychological demands, physical exertion, number of jobs, hours at work and shift schedule. LTPA was categorised as inactive, moderately active or active based on metabolic equivalent task values. Fixed-effects multinomial logistic models were used to examine associations between work factors and LTPA controlling for time-invariant effects and adjusted for covariates.ResultsWorkers with lower skill discretion (OR=0.96; 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99), higher psychological demands (OR=0.95; 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99), higher physical exertion (OR=0.93; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99) and longer work hours (OR=0.97; 95% CI 0.95 to 098) were associated with a lower odds of transitioning from inactive to active and moderately active. There was no evidence of effect modification by age or sex.ConclusionResults suggest that as participants’ skill discretion decreased, and their physical and psychological demands, and work hours increased, their likelihood of becoming more active and moderately active also decreased, supporting the value of targeting improvements in these work factors for physical activity interventions.

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