Evaluating the potential for timber production of young forests of Eucalyptus spp. clones used for bioenergy: wood density and mechanical properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
B. M. Balboni ◽  
A. S. Batista ◽  
J. N. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Young Forests

scholarly journals Factors That Affect the Mechanical Strength of Archaeological Wood—A Case Study of 18th-Century Wooden Water Pipes from Bóżnicza Street in Poznań, Poland

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7632
Author(s):  
Magdalena Broda ◽  
Carmen-Mihaela Popescu ◽  
Daniel Ilie Timpu ◽  
Dawid Rowiński ◽  
Edward Roszyk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cellulose Crystallinity ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Archaeological Wood

Large amounts of archaeological wood are often excavated during groundworks in cities and towns. Part of the unearthed artefacts is usually saved, conserved and then presented in museums. However, if the finding contains several similar objects, some of them could potentially be further employed for some other practical purposes. The research aimed to determine the mechanical performance of the remains of wooden water mains excavated at Bóżnicza street in Poznań, Poland and evaluate its potential usefulness for any practical purposes. First, wood density was determined along with its mechanical strength in compression. The density of archaeological wood identified as Scots pine was lower than contemporary pinewood (383 kg × m−3 vs. 572 kg × m−3); therefore, its mechanical properties in compression tests were also lower, as expected, making the wood unsuitable for any practical applications. However, the differences in modulus of elasticity and compressive strength were not justified by the differences in wood density. Further infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed additional differences in chemical composition and cellulose crystallinity between archaeological and contemporary wood. The results indicated the decrease in carbohydrate content and cellulose crystallinity in degraded wood, which, in addition to wood density, apparently contribute to the deterioration in mechanical strength of archaeological wood. The case study of the excavated archaeological wooden pipes shows that they have historical value but are not useful for practical purposes. It also revealed that not only wood density but also its chemical composition and cellulose crystallinity level has a substantial impact on the wood mechanical properties, particularly in compression.

scholarly journals Wood Density and Mechanical Properties of Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon in Malawi

Forests ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Missanjo ◽  
Junji Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Kesiya

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LARIX SIBIRICA GROWN IN SOUTH-CENTRAL SIBERIA

IAWA Journal ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Koizumi ◽  
Katsuhiko Takata ◽  
Kana Yamashita ◽  
Ryogo Nakada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Larix Kaempferi ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Spiral Grain ◽  
South Central ◽  
Tracheid Length

Tracheid length, microfibril angle, spiral grain, wood density, MOE, MOR, compressive strength, modulus of rigidity and their inter-relationships were investigated for fifty Siberian larch trees (Larix sibirica) collected from five natural stands. No inter-stand variation in tracheid length, microfibril angle and spiral grain was observed. No effect of tracheid length and microfibril angle on the mechanical properties was observed. Inter-stand variation in wood density was significant, especially for mature wood. The wood from the Baikal site in the eastern range of the natural distribution had a very high density. The wood from the Altai site in the mountain range had a low density, especially within the latewood. Minimum density within a ring seemed to be the major source of variation for average density within the heartwood, whereas the effect of maximum density on average density was greater within the sapwood. Wood density, which was much higher for a given ring width than in plantation-grown Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi), had a major effect on the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Within-tree radial and among-family variations in wood density, microfibril angle, and mechanical properties in Picea glehnii

Silva Fennica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Tanabe ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Akira Tamura ◽  
Yuya Takashima ◽  
Jyunichi Ohshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Picea Glehnii

scholarly journals Worldwide correlations of mechanical properties and green wood density

2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1587-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl J. Niklas ◽  
Hanns-Christof Spatz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Green Wood

scholarly journals The Effects of Wind Exposure on Scots Pine Trees: Within-Stem Variability of Wood Density and Mechanical Properties

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Tomczak ◽  
Tomasz Jelonek ◽  
Witold Pazdrowski ◽  
Witold Grzywiński ◽  
Przemysław Mania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Wind Loads ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Wind Exposure

Survival in variable conditions of wind exposure depends on the strategy of trees in adapting to environmental constraints. There are many studies investigating the effect of wind on the adaptation of trees, but little attention is paid to the properties of the wood, particularly within-stem variability. In the present work, an analysis was made of within-stem variability of the density and mechanical properties of Scots pine wood from parts of stands with different wind exposure (stand edge, forest interior). The research was carried out in north-western Poland, in seven selected pine stands (without other species in the canopy) aged from 82 to 87 years. In each stand, three trial plots were marked, each at a different distance from the edge of the stand. The first plot was immediately adjacent to the edge (0–20 m), the second was at a distance of 30–50 m, and the third was at a distance of 60–80 m. Generally, wind exposure, defined by the distance from the windward edge, did not significantly affect the tree morphology and wood properties. A statistically significant difference was found only for the modulus of elasticity (MOE), between stand edge and forest interior. Trees growing at a distance from the stand edge compensate for their greater stem slenderness with higher elasticity. A certain growth response to wind loads is also represented by the within-stem variability of wood. We found that within-stem variability of wood at the stand edge is higher than in the forest interior. At various points along the stem, the wood density and strength were generally higher on the eastern radius (on the leeward side of the stem). Different wind resistance requirements at the stand edge and in the interior lead to combinations of tree architecture and wood properties that enable the best resistance to wind loads.

scholarly journals The Technical Quality of the Wood of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of Diverse Genetic Origin

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Eliza Konofalska ◽  
Paweł Kozakiewicz ◽  
Włodzimierz Buraczyk ◽  
Henryk Szeligowski ◽  
Hubert Lachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Genetic Origin

This work contains the preliminary results of research into the technical quality of the wood from Scots pine trees of diverse genetic origin, grown on an experimental plot at the Forest Experimental Station in Rogów. The following are the parent stands, numbered: 5 (the Tucholskie Forest 130 m a.s.l.), 7 (the Napiwodzko–Ramuckie Forest 145 m a.s.l.), 10 (the Piska Forest 145 m a.s.l.), 12 (the Biała Forest 95 m a.s.l.), 13 (the Namysłowsko–Ostrzeszowskie Forest 190 m a.s.l.), 15 (the Knyszyńska Forest 165 m a.s.l.), and 16 (the Nowotarskie Forest 590 m a.s.l.). The tested wood was obtained in 2018 from trees aged 52 years. The research material came from 100 trees in total. After felling, two logs approximately 0.5 m in length were cut from each tree. The height on the tree from which the material was taken ranged from breast height (1.3 m) to approximately 2.5 m. Next, planks were cut from the logs in a north–south direction; these were precisely described and then left to season. The work included the measurement and statistical analysis of one physical property, wood density (kg/m3), and of the following mechanical properties: compressive strength along the fibres, Rc12 (MPa); static bending strength, Rg12 (MPa); modulus of elasticity under static bending, Eg12 (MPa); and indices of strength quality of the tested mechanical properties, JRc12, JRg12, and JEg12 (km). The origin of the logs was shown to have a significant influence on wood density, compressive strength, static bending strength, and modulus of elasticity under static bending. The highest mean density was found for trees originating from stand 10 (537 kg/m3). The highest values of compressive strength were obtained for trees originating from stands 5 (45 MPa), and the highest static bending strength and modulus of elasticity under static bending were obtained for trees originating from stand 12 (102 and 9825 MPa, respectively).

scholarly journals Variation in wood physical properties and effects of climate for different geographic sources of Chinese fir in subtropical area of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren You ◽  
Ninghua Zhu ◽  
Xiangwen Deng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Shrinkage Rate ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Radial Shrinkage ◽  
Tangential Shrinkage ◽  
Inflation Factor ◽  
Geographic Sources

AbstractChinese fir is one of the most important commercial timber species in China, with many geographic sources. However, little is known of the variation in wood physical properties among them. To explore the differences in wood physical properties and their influencing factors, five geographic sources of Chinese fir were selected. The variance inflation factor, stepwise regression, and principle component analysis were used to reduce multicollinearity and dimensions of the 19 wood physical properties (including density, shrinkage, and mechanical properties). The results showed that the wood density differed significantly among five geographic sources. The tangential shrinkage rate and radial shrinkage rate reached maximum values in black-heart Chinese fir (HNYX-T) but accompanied by the lowest value for difference dry shrinkage. The wood density and mechanical properties of HNYX-T was exceeded to that of others geographic sources. Fast-growth Chinese fir (FJYK-P) had the lowest value for all mechanical properties. The precipitation and temperature had significant correlations with the wood physical properties of this five geographic sources. The temperature in summer was mainly positive correlated with physical properties, while precipitation was negatively correlated with them. HNYX-T had the highest comprehensive score of PCA, followed by JXCS-R, emerged as higher-quality geographic source, which is important for selecting and utilizing geographic sources in forest management.

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