Biomass Yield and Nutrients Concentration in Shoot Dry Weight of Winter Cover Crops for No-Tillage System

ABSTRACT Cover crops are of fundamental importance for the sustainability of the no-tillage system, to ensure soil coverage and to provide benefits for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of biomass and the content and accumulation of nutrients by winter cover crops. The experimental design used in the experiment was a randomized complete block with four replications and six treatments: oilseed radish, vetch, black oats, vetch + black oats, vetch + oilseed radish and fallow. Black oat, oilseed radish in single cultivation and black oat + vetch and vetch + oilseed radish intercroppings showed higher dry matter production. Vetch + oilseed radish intercropping demonstrates higher performance regarding cycling of nutrients, with higher accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na and B.

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Effects of Cover Crops and Tillage on Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.476d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 476d-476

Author(s):

Gary R. Cline ◽

Anthony F. Silvernail

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Winter Rye ◽

No Tillage ◽

Corn Production ◽

Total N ◽

No Till ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn in 1997. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus N fertilization. Following watermelon not receiving inorganic N, vetch, and mix cover cropsproduced total N yields of ≈90 kg/ha that were more than four times greater than those obtained with rye. However, vetch dry weight yields (2.7 mg/ha) were only about 60% of those obtained in previous years due to winter kill. Following rye winter cover crops, addition of ammonium nitrate to corn greatly increased (P < 0.05) corn yields and foliar N concentrations compared to treatments not receiving N. Following vetch, corn yields obtained in tilled treatments without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization. However, yields obtained from unfertilized no-till treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than yields of N-fertilized treatments. Available soil N was significantly (P < 0.05) greater following vetch compared to rye after corn planting. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn plant densities or yields were detected. It was concluded that no-tillage sweet corn was successful, and N fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production in tilled treatments but not in no-till treatments.In previous years normal, higher-yielding vetch cover crops were able to sustain sweet corn in both tilled and no-till treatments.

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Benefits of winter cover crops and no-tillage for microbial parameters in a Brazilian Oxisol: A long-term study

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2014.07.010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 31-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Elcio L. Balota ◽

Ademir Calegari ◽

Andre S. Nakatani ◽

Mark S. Coyne

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

No Tillage ◽

Term Study ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

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Sources and rates of nitrogen in summer corn under no-tillage on winter cover crops

African Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5897/ajar2013.7293 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (19) ◽

pp. 1516-1521

Author(s):

Werncke Ivan ◽

Nelson Melegari de Souza Samuel ◽

Bassegio Doglas ◽

Ferreira Santos Reginaldo ◽

Pereira Dias Patricia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

No Tillage ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

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Soil Carbon, Glomalin, And Aggregation in Onion Crop Under No-Tillage with Cover Crops or Conventional Tillage Systems for Eight Years

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v9i2.18196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Juliana Gress Bortolini ◽

Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa Soares ◽

Matheus Junckes Muller ◽

Guilherme Wilbert Ferreira ◽

Edenilson Meyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Weighted Mean ◽

Oilseed Radish ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

Crop systems using cover crops affect soil physical, chemical, and biological attributes, including aggregate formation. This work aims to evaluate winter cover crop species' effect on soil total organic carbon, glomalin, and aggregation in areas with onion crops in a no-tillage vegetable production system (NTVS) and conventional tillage system (CTS) for eight years. The experiment treatments were: control, with natural vegetation(NV); black oats (Avena strigosa); rye(Secale cereale);oilseed radish(Raphanus sativus);intercropped black oats and oilseed radish; intercropped rye and oilseed radish; and a conventional tillage systems area. A 33-year old adjacent secondary forest was evaluated as a reference for undisturbed conditions. We assessed soil total organic carbon, total glomalin, and easily extractable glomalin in three soil layers (0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm depth). Undisturbed samples were used to quantify soil aggregate stability, aggregation indexes (weighted mean diameter; geometric mean diameter), aggregate mass distribution (macroaggregates, mesoaggregates), and macroaggregate carbon contents. The conventional tillage areas had the lowest weighted mean soil aggregate diameter, geometric mean diameter, and macroaggregate mass. Those areas also had the lowest bulk soil and aggregate organic carbon contents and the lowest total and easily extractable glomalin. Winter cover crops' use resulted in a 10% higher aggregate weighted mean diameter and geometric mean diameter. Areas with cover crops had 13% higher organic carbon contents in aggregates and 17% higher macroaggregate mass than conventional tillage areas. The highest values of total and easily extracted glomalin occurred in plots with black oats. Winter cover crops, single or intercropped, improved physical attributes of soils with onion crops under not-tillage compared to conventional tillage areas.

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Agronomic performance of soybean grown in succession to winter cover crops

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000800005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 909-917 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fábio Henrique Krenchinski ◽

Victor José Salomão Cesco ◽

Danilo Morilha Rodrigues ◽

Leandro Paiola Albrecht ◽

Katle Samaya Wobeto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Cover ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Crop Species ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Standard Management ◽

Tillage System ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop species on the agronomic performance of soybean (Glycine max) cropped in succession, under a no-tillage system. The study was conducted during three crop seasons (2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014), with the following cover crops: white oat (Avena sativa), black oat (Avena strigosa), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), vetch (Vicia sativa), forage radish (Raphanus sativus), the intercrop black oat + forage radish, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) as the standard management. Forage radish and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided greater soil cover rates after 30 days of planting, as well as dry matter production in the three crop seasons. After 45 and 90 days from desiccation, however, white oat and ryegrass showed the highest soil cover rate. Black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided higher soybean yield than the standard management with wheat, in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons. Winter cover crops can significantly affect soybean yield in succession, and black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish stand out for this purpose.

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Soil carbon sequestration and stocks: short-term impact of maize succession to cover crops in Southern Brazil Inceptisol

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2020183-16255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. e0304

Author(s):

Jorge L. Locatelli ◽

Felipe Bratti ◽

Ricardo H. Ribeiro ◽

Marcos R. Besen ◽

Eduardo Brancaleoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Red Clover ◽

No Tillage ◽

Annual Ryegrass ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Short Term ◽

C Stocks ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops ◽

Soc Stocks

Aim of study: To evaluate soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and stock over the succession of maize to winter cover crops under a short-term no-tillage system.Area of study: A subtropical area in Southern Brazil.Material and methods: The experiment was implemented in 2013. The treatments were: seven winter cover crops single cultivated (white-oats, black-oats, annual-ryegrass, canola, vetch, fodder-radish and red-clover); an intercropping (black-oats + vetch); and a fallow, with maize in succession. Soil samples were collected after four years of experimentation, up to 0.60 m depth, for SOC determination.Main results: SOC stocks at 0-0.6 m depth ranged from 96.2 to 107.8 t/ha. The SOC stocks (0-0.60 m depth) were higher under vetch and black-oats, with an expressive increase of 23 and 20% for C stocks in the 0.45-0.60 m layer, compared to fallow. Thus, SOC sequestration rates (0-0.60 m depth), with vetch and black oats, were 1.68 and 0.93 t/ha·yr, respectively.Research highlights: The establishment of a high-quality and high C input cover crops in the winter, as vetch or black-oats in succession to maize, are able to increase SOC stocks, even in the short term.

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Effects of Rice-Winter Cover Crops Cropping Systems on the Rice Yield and Quality in No-tillage Paddy Field

Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture ◽

10.5338/kjea.2009.28.1.053 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 53-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Young-Han Lee ◽

Daniel Son ◽

Zhin-Ryong Choe

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Paddy Field ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

No Tillage ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

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Nitrogen Assimilation and Biomass Yield of Winter Cover Crops Used in Sustainable Horticultural Crop Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.495a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 495a-495

Author(s):

Bharat P. Singh ◽

Upendra M. Sainju ◽

Wayne F. Whitehead

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Nitrogen Assimilation ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Cereal Rye ◽

Crimson Clover ◽

Winter Cover ◽

Winter Cover Crops

Cover crops are planted during winter to prevent soil erosion, improve soil quality, and supply nutrients to the subsequent spring crops. In a 2-year study, three winter cover crops were compared for their nitrogen assimilation and biomass yielding ability. The experimental design was randomized complete block replicated four times with cereal rye, hairy vetch, crimson clover, and a fallow control comprising the treatments. Cover crop roots were well distributed from 1 to 50 cm of soil depth and increased from fall to spring as temperature increased. There was greater reduction in soil inorganic N during fall and winter in cover crop plots compared to control. Early season soil NO–3 concentration was lower in rye than crimson clover or hairy vetch. The amount of N assimilated by hairy vetch and crimson clover was significantly greater than cereal rye or control. There was no difference in the biomass yield of the three cover crops during the first year, but cereal rye and crimson clover produced significantly greater biomass than hairy vetch during the second year. The results suggest that cereal rye is more suited for preventing leaching of residual N from the preceding summer crop, while the two legumes can supply more N to the following crop.

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