Effects of Nitrogen Management on Soil Nitrogen Content and Rice Grain Yield in Double Cropping Rice Production Area with Continuous Full Amount of Straw Returning

The effect of 7 different crop and pasture sequences and cereal stubble management on soil nitrogen (N) levels and growth and grain yield of 2 subsequent rice crops was studied over 6 years (1986-92) on a Birganbigil clay loam soil at Yanco Agricultural Institute. After harvest of an initial rice crop in 1987, the following crop sequences were imposed: continuous annual rice cropping; 2 triticale crops, 2 seasons of pasture; pasture for 4 seasons; a second rice crop, 3 seasons of pasture; a second and third rice crop, 2 seasons of pasture; winter cereals; double cropped (winter-summer) on raised beds. The growth and productivity of 2 subsequent rice crops (1990-91, 1991-92) was then evaluated. Stubble retention rather than burning was practiced on half of each plot. Half of each pasture plot was sown to annual pasture (Trifolium subterraneum), while the other half was sown to perennial pasture (Trifolium repens). All plots returned to rice in 1990-91 and N rates up to 400 kg N/ka were applied. No fertiliser was applied to the 1991-92 crop. Anaerobic incubation ammonium content of soil, sampled before sowing of the 1990-91 rice crop, ranged from 28 to 85 pg/g oven-dried soil. The 1990-91 rice crop reduced soil ammonium by 30 y g/g in all sequences except continuous annual rice cropping. These differences in soil ammonium content were significantly correlated with rice growth and yield. Dry matter at panicle initiation and at physiological maturity and grain yield all increased significantly with N fertiliser application for all crop sequences. This indicates the benefit of N fertiliser, even after a 4-year pasture phase. Modelled grain yield from the unfertilised 2-year subterranean clover pasture (10.4 t/ha) was equal to that from the continuous rice sequence receiving 212 kg N/ha. Applying 320 kg N/ha to continuous rice plots produced yields similar to that of the 2-year subterranean clover pasture sequence, which received 98 kg N/ha. This indicates that the major effect on grain yield of different crop sequences could be alleviated through high N applications. Stubble management had little effect on rice growth or grain yield. Sequences with pasture phases of 2, 3, and 4 years produced similar rice grain yields. Pasture phases still had a positive effect, compared with continuous ricegrowing, on the second rice crop; however, crop growth and grain yield were about half that obtained from the unfertilised plots of the first rice crop. We conclude that continuous, high-yielding, annual ricegrowing can be maintained provided the N supply is adequate, that highly productive legume-dominant pasture phases of 2, 3, or 4 years contribute eqivalent amounts of N to succeeding rice crops, and that stubble management technique or pasture type has little effect on grain yield.

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The effect of cropping after medic and non-medic pastures on total soil nitrogen, and on the grain yield and nitrogen content of wheat

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9800220 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 20 (103) ◽

pp. 220 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

CL Tuohey ◽

AD Robson

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Yield Response ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Nitrogen Response ◽

Total Soil ◽

Grain Nitrogen ◽

Total Soil Nitrogen

The effect of medic and non-medic pastures on grain yield and nitrogen content of wheat was studied over 15 seasons on a friable grey clay in the Wimmera. The effects of length and type of pasture ley on grain yield and nitrogen content were closely related to the effects of these treatments on total soil nitrogen. Grain yield was not increased in any season by increasing total soil nitrogen beyond 0.1 10%. The grain yield response to increased total soil nitrogen varied markedly with seasons and most of the variation could be accounted for by variation in November rainfall; grain yield response was greater in years of higher November rainfall. Grain nitrogen content increased with increasing total soil nitrogen over the range studied (0.078% to 0.1 28%). Seasonal variation in grain nitrogen response to total soil nitrogen was mainly associated with variation in September and November rainfall. Higher September rainfall increased the response and higher November rainfall decreased it. The decline in total soil nitrogen that occurred with cropping was strongly correlated with the level of total soil nitrogen before cropping.

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Field Validation of the DNDC-Rice Model for Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Double-Cropping Paddy Rice under Different Irrigation Practices in Tamil Nadu, India

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10080355 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 355

Author(s):

Aung Zaw Oo ◽

Shigeto Sudo ◽

Tamon Fumoto ◽

Kazuyuki Inubushi ◽

Keisuke Ono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Paddy Rice ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Ch4 Emission ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Double Cropping

Two-year field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu, India, to evaluate the effect of continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation strategies on rice grain yield and greenhouse gas emissions from double-cropping paddy rice. Field observation results showed that AWD irrigation was found to reduce the total seasonal methane (CH4) emission by 22.3% to 56.2% compared with CF while maintaining rice yield. By using the observed two-year field data, validation of the DNDC-Rice model was conducted for CF and AWD practices. The model overestimated rice grain yield by 24% and 29% in CF and AWD, respectively, averaged over the rice-growing seasons compared to observed values. The simulated seasonal CH4 emissions for CF were 6.4% lower and 4.2% higher than observed values and for AWD were 9.3% and 12.7% lower in the summer and monsoon season, respectively. The relative deviation of simulated seasonal nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from observed emissions in CF were 27% and −35% and in AWD were 267% and 234% in the summer and monsoon season, respectively. Although the DNDC-Rice model reasonably estimated the total CH4 emission in CF and reproduced the mitigation effect of AWD treatment on CH4 emissions well, the model did not adequately predict the total N2O emission under water-saving irrigation. In terms of global warming potential (GWP), nevertheless there was a good agreement between the simulated and observed values for both CF and AWD irrigations due to smaller contributions of N2O to the GWP compared with that of CH4. This study showed that the DNDC-Rice model could be used for the estimation of CH4 emissions, the primary source of GWP from double-cropping paddy rice under different water management conditions in the tropical regions.

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Relationship between SPAD value and grain yield can be affected by cultivar, environment and soil nitrogen content in wheat

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-016-1741-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 211 (1) ◽

pp. 103-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

István Monostori ◽

Tamás Árendás ◽

Borbála Hoffman ◽

Gábor Galiba ◽

Krisztián Gierczik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Content ◽

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Spad Value

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Nutrients management and planting time adaptation to climate change for wet season rice production in subtropical India

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp19164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 858

Author(s):

Sushree Sagarika Satapathy ◽

Dillip Kumar Swain ◽

Surendranath Pasupalak ◽

Srikantha Herath

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Elevated Co2 ◽

Rice Production ◽

Adverse Impact ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Wet Season ◽

Planting Time ◽

Impact Of Climate Change

The projected adverse impact of climate change on food grain production of tropical and subtropical latitudes necessitates the development of suitable agro-adaptations. We used open top chamber (OTC) experimental facility and simulation analysis to study the effect of elevated [CO2] with varying nutrients management on rice grain yield and to evaluate planting time adjustment as adaptation to climate change. The OTC experiments with ambient [CO2] level ([CO2] ~390 ppm) and elevated [CO2] (25% higher than the ambient) using cultivar ‘Swarna sub1 (140–145 days)’ were conducted during wet season of the years 2011 and 2012 at West Medinipur, India. Using CERES model, we simulated rice grain yield for future climate scenario (A1B) during the years 2020 (2010–2039) and 2080 (2071–2099) at four selected locations of the subtropical India. The elevated [CO2] in OTC increased panicle number, but decreased filled grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. The increasing [CO2] had smaller adverse impact for integrated nutrients management as compared with chemical fertiliser. The model simulated grain yield reduction of 6.1−13.0% during 2020 and 14.4 −25.0% during 2080 with rising temperature 1.6 and 4.6°C, respectively, compared with the base period (1961–1990). Early planting during 25 June to 25 July received closure favourable temperature and rainfall during the crop growing period, hence had better adaptation to the climate change. Increasing dose of integrated nutrients and early planting is expected to minimise the adverse impact of climate change on rice production of the subtropical India.

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Impact of different tillage management on soil and grain quality in the Anatolian paddy rice production

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/277/2018-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 303-309

Author(s):

Çay Anıl

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Plant Root ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Paddy Rice ◽

Rice Production ◽

Rice Grain ◽

The Impact

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of conventional tillage (CT) and two different reduced tillage methods (RT1 and RT2) on some soil properties, grain yield and post-harvest grain quality during paddy rice production in the semi-arid Mediterranean conditions for two years. According to the results, soil bulk density was higher in CT with 1.46 and 1.47 g/cm3, respectively for both years. Ntot in RT1 was determined to be higher at a significant level with an average of 0.135%. The lowest soil organic carbon was found in the CT yearly as 2.91% and 2.50%. Penetration resistance did not exceed the limit value of 2–3 MPa in any method that may have impact on plant root growth. RT1 yielded higher results with regard to rice grain yield and provided the highest milling yield for both cultivars and years. There was no statistical difference among dry matter, thousand kernel mass and protein content values of rice grains in terms of cultivars, years and tillage factors. It can be observed in the light of short-term results that the RT1 is a good alternative for CT due to its positive impact on soil characteristics, grain yield and quality.

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Methane and nitrous oxide emissions as affected by long-term fertilizer management from double-cropping paddy fields in Southern China

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859615001355 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 154 (8) ◽

pp. 1378-1391 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

H.-M. TANG ◽

X.-P. XIAO ◽

K. WANG ◽

W.-Y. LI ◽

J. LIU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Southern China ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Fertilizer Management ◽

Double Cropping ◽

Rice Residues

SUMMARYThere is limited information about the influences of long-term fertilizer management on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from double-cropping paddy fields in Southern China. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to characterize the changes of CH4 and N2O related to different fertilizer treatments based on a long-term field experiment. The experiment was initiated in 1986 and consisted of five treatments: unfertilized (CK), mineral fertilizer alone (MF), rice residues plus mineral fertilizer (RF), low manure rate plus mineral fertilizer (M1 + F), and high manure rate plus mineral fertilizer (M2 + F). Investigations were conducted over 2 years, from 2013 to 2014, to examine the CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy field of Southern China. The results indicated that M2 + F plots had the largest CH4 emissions during the early rice and late cropped rice and that MF and RF had larger N2O emissions than CK in both early and late cropped rice. When compared with the control, total N2O emissions in both rice-growing seasons increased in both MF and RF in 2013 and 2014. The global warming potentials (GWP) from paddy fields were ranked as M2 + F > M1 + F > RF > MF > CK. Meanwhile, the results demonstrated that CH4 and N2O emissions were closely associated with the soil redox potential and soil temperature. In summary, the incorporation of rice residues in addition to the use of mineral fertilizer (RF treatment) may be an effective fertilizer management practice for mitigating total GWP per grain yield and maintaining rice grain yield in southern China.

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Improving soil silicon and selected fertility status for rice production through rice-mill waste application in lowland sawah rice field of southeastern Nigeria

International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture ◽

10.1007/s40093-019-00299-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (S1) ◽

pp. 271-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John Chukwu Nwite ◽

Benedict Onyebuchi Unagwu ◽

Chukwuebuka Christopher Okolo ◽

Charles Arinze Igwe ◽

Toshiyuki Wakatsuki

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Field ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Production ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Southeastern Nigeria ◽

Total N ◽

Cropping Seasons

Abstract Purpose Rice-mill wastes are generated in large amounts in Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. These wastes can potentially be utilized for rice production and in improving soil attributes. This study evaluated the effects of rice-mill wastes on soil chemical properties and rice yield in sawah rice management. Methods A sawah rice field in an inland valley of southeastern Nigeria was used in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons for the study. Sawah refers to an Indo-Malaysian term for rice paddy. It involves the manipulation of some soil physical properties in form of ecological engineering works, by bunding, puddling and leveling of lowland rice field for water control and management. Two rice-mill wastes [rice husk ash (RHA) and rice husk dust (RHD) applied at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 t ha−1] and the control were built into a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results Bio-waste application had significant (p < 0.05) improved effects on the soil organic carbon, available P, soil available Si and total N compared with the unamended (control) treatment. There was significant (p < 0.05) increase in rice grain yield from 5.05 to 5.80 t ha−1 (for RHA) and 6.17–6.96 t/ha (for RHD) compared with 2.35–2.8 t ha−1 (control treatment) in both cropping seasons. Conclusion RHD and RHA treatments had significantly higher rice grain yield compared with the control treatment. Overall, rice grain yield was higher under RHD treatment compared with RHA treatment. This result demonstrated that RHA and RHD are potential agricultural resource for rice production in the study area.

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