How Did Soil Depth and Sampling Time Influence on Soil Organic Carbon, Soil Nitrogen, and Soil Biological Properties in a Mediterranean Olive Grove?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Burak Koçak ◽  
Cengiz Darıcı
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Olive Grove ◽  
Soil Biological Properties

Impact of different Tillage practices on Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Pool in Rice-Wheat Cropping System

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aradhna Kumari ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Total N ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Pool ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Conventional agriculture can result in loss of organic matter (OM), resulting in degradation of cultivated soil. A study was conducted to assess the impact of different tillage treatments in rice and wheat cropping system on soil organic carbon and nitrogen pool. The experiment was carried out in split plot design with four main plot treatments viz. P (direct dry seeding by zero till drill), P 1 2 (direct seeding of sprouted rice in puddle condition), P (hand transplanting) and P (transplanting 3 4 by self-propelled rice trans planter) while the sub plot treatment (for wheat) included T 1 (conventional sowing), T (bed planting), T (strip till drilling) and T (zero till drilling). Significant 2 3 4 variations in SOC and soil nitrogen pool were observed in wheat tillage treatments for D (0-10cm) 1 soil depth. The T and T treatments had significantly higher values of SOC pool as compared to T . 4 3 1 Similar trend was also observed for soil nitrogen. Rice tillage treatments did not have any significant impact on SOC and soil nitrogen at D or subsequent depths. The summarized depths 0- 1 30 and 0-60 cm did not show any impact of the tillage treatments on SOC or soil nitrogen pools.In rice tillage treatments, SOC pool ranged from 26.06 Mg/m3 (P ) to 27.61 Mg/m3 (P ) while the range 4 1 for wheat tillage treatment was 26.30 Mg/m3 (T ) to 26.75 Mg/m3 (T ). At D depth soil N pool was 4 1 1 found to be statistically higher for T and T tillage treatments in wheat, whereas T tillage treatment 3 4 2 was found to be statistically at par with T . This is because of the presence of higher amount of SOM 1 in T and T . A high and positive correlation between SOC and total N was observed because most of 3 4 the nitrogen present in soil is in organic form.

scholarly journals Earthworms as an Ecological Indicator of Soil Recovery after Mechanized Logging Operations in Mixed Beech Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Hadi Sohrabi ◽  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Mohammad Jafari ◽  
Farzam Tavankar ◽  
Rachele Venanzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Soil Biological Properties ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Soil Recovery ◽  
The Impact

Soil damage caused by logging operations conducted to obtain and maximize economic benefits has been established as having long-term effects on forest soil quality and productivity. However, a comprehensive study of the impact of logging operations on earthworms as a criterion for soil recovery has never been conducted in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in soil biological properties (earthworm density and biomass) and its recovery process under the influence of traffic intensity, slope and soil depth in various intervals according to age after logging operations. Soil properties were compared among abandoned skid trails with different ages (i.e., 3, 10, 20, and 25 years) and an undisturbed area. The results showed that earthworm density and biomass in the high traffic intensity and slope class of 20–30% at the 10–20 cm depth of the soil had the lowest value compared to the other treatments. Twenty-five years after the logging operations, the earthworm density at soil depth of 0–10 and 10–20 cm was 28.4% (0.48 ind. m−2) and 38.6% (0.35 ind. m−2), which were less than those of the undisturbed area, respectively. Meanwhile, the earthworm biomass at a soil depth of 0–10 and 10–20 cm was 30.5% (2.05 mg m−2) and 40.5% (1.54 mg m−2) less than the values of the undisturbed area, respectively. The earthworm density and biomass were positively correlated with total porosity, organic carbon and nitrogen content, while negatively correlated with soil bulk density and C/N ratio. According to the results, 25 years after logging operations, the earthworm density and biomass on the skid trails were recovered, but they were significantly different with the undisturbed area. Therefore, full recovery of soil biological properties (i.e., earthworm density and biomass) takes more than 25 years. The conclusions of our study reveal that the effects of logging operations on soil properties are of great significance, and our understanding of the mechanism of soil change and recovery demand that harvesting operations be extensively and properly implemented.

scholarly journals Effects of Management and Hillside Position on Soil Organic Carbon Stratification in Mediterranean Centenary Olive Grove

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Jesús Aguilera-Huertas ◽  
Beatriz Lozano-García ◽  
Manuel González-Rosado ◽  
Luis Parras-Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Olive Grove ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Degradation Degree

The short- and medium—long-term effects of management and hillside position on soil organic carbon (SOC) changes were studied in a centenary Mediterranean rainfed olive grove. One way to measure these changes is to analyze the soil quality, as it assesses soil degradation degree and attempts to identify management practices for sustainable soil use. In this context, the SOC stratification index (SR-COS) is one of the best indicators of soil quality to assess the degradation degree from SOC content without analyzing other soil properties. The SR-SOC was calculated in soil profiles (horizon-by-horizon) to identify the best soil management practices for sustainable use. The following time periods and soil management combinations were tested: (i) in the medium‒long-term (17 years) from conventional tillage (CT) to no-tillage (NT), (ii) in the short-term (2 years) from CT to no-tillage with cover crops (NT-CC), and (iii) the effect in the short-term (from CT to NT-CC) of different topographic positions along a hillside. The results indicate that the SR-SOC increased with depth for all management practices. The SR-SOC ranged from 1.21 to 1.73 in CT0, from 1.48 to 3.01 in CT1, from 1.15 to 2.48 in CT2, from 1.22 to 2.39 in NT-CC and from 0.98 to 4.16 in NT; therefore, the soil quality from the SR-SOC index was not directly linked to the increase or loss of SOC along the soil profile. This demonstrates the time-variability of SR-SOC and that NT improves soil quality in the long-term.

Long-term effects of fertilisers and organic sources on soil organic carbon fractions under a rice–wheat system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of north-west India

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Das ◽  
B. S. Dwivedi ◽  
V. K. Singh ◽  
S. P. Datta ◽  
M. C. Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Labile C ◽  
Labile C Fractions

Decline in soil organic carbon (SOC) content is considered a key constraint for sustenance of rice–wheat system (RWS) productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region. We, therefore, studied the effects of fertilisers and manures on SOC pools, and their relationships with crop yields after 18 years of continuous RWS. Total organic C increased significantly with the integrated use of fertilisers and organic sources (from 13 to 16.03gkg–1) compared with unfertilised control (11.5gkg–1) or sole fertiliser (NPKZn; 12.17gkg–1) treatment at 0–7.5cm soil depth. Averaged across soil depths, labile fractions like microbial biomass C (MBC) and permanganate-oxidisable C (PmOC) were generally higher in treatments that received farmyard manure (FYM), sulfitation pressmud (SPM) or green gram residue (GR) along with NPK fertiliser, ranging from 192 to 276mgkg–1 and from 0.60 to 0.75gkg–1 respectively compared with NPKZn and NPK+cereal residue (CR) treatments, in which MBC and PmOC ranged from 118 to 170mgkg–1 and from 0.43 to 0.57gkg–1 respectively. Oxidisable organic C fractions revealed that very labile C and labile C fractions were much larger in the NPK+FYM or NPK+GR+FYM treatments, whereas the less-labile C and non-labile C fractions were larger under control and NPK+CR treatments. On average, Walkley–Black C, PmOC and MBC contributed 29–46%, 4.7–6.6% and 1.16–2.40% towards TOC respectively. Integrated plant nutrient supply options, except NPK+CR, also produced sustainable high yields of RWS.

Matching legacy estimation of soil organic carbon changes from non-paired data with measured values in paired soil samples after two decades: a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calogero Schillaci ◽  
Sergio Saia ◽  
Aldo Lipani ◽  
Alessia Perego ◽  
Claudio Zaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Legacy Data

<p>Legacy data are frequently unique sources of data for the estimation of past soil properties. With the rising concerns about greenhouse gases (GHG) emission and soil degradation due to intensive agriculture and climate change effects, soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration might change heavily over time.</p><p>When SOC changes is estimated with legacy data, the use of soil samples collected in different plots (i.e., non-aligned data) may lead to biased results. The sampling schemes adopted to capture SOC variation usually involve the resampling of the original sample using a so called paired-site approach.</p><p>In the present work, a regional (Sicily, south of Italy) soil database, consisting of N=302 georeferenced soil samples from arable land collected in 1993 [1], was used to select coinciding sites to test a former temporal variation (1993-2008) obtained by a comparison of models built with data sampled in non-coinciding locations [2]. A specific sampling strategy was developed to spot SOC concentration changes from 1994 to 2017 in the same plots at the 0-30 cm soil depth and tested.</p><p>To spot SOC changes the minimum number of samples needed to have a reliable estimate of SOC variation after 23 years has been estimated. By applying an effect size based methodology, 30 out of 302 sites were resampled in 2017 to achieve a power of 80%, and an a=0.05.</p><p>After the collection of the 30 samples, SOC concentration in the newly collected samples was determined in lab using the same method</p><p>A Wilcoxon test applied to the variation of SOC from 1994 to 2017 suggested that there was not a statistical difference in SOC concentration after 23 years (Z = -0.556; 2-tailed asymptotic significance = 0.578). In particular, only 40% of resampled sites showed a higher (not always significant) SOC concentration than in 2017.</p><p>This finding contrasts with a previous SOC concentration increase that was found in 2008 (75.8% increase when estimated as differences of 2 models built with non-aligned data) [2], when compared to 1994 observed data (Z = -9.119; 2-tailed asymptotic significance < 0.001).</p><p>Such a result implies that the use of legacy data to estimate SOC concentration changes need soil resampling in the same locations to overcome the stochastic model errors. Further experiment is needed to identify the percentage of the sites to resample in order to align two legacy datasets in the same area.</p><p>Bibliography</p><p>[1]Schillaci C, et al.,2019. A simple pipeline for the assessment of legacy soil datasets: An example and test with soil organic carbon from a highly variable area. CATENA.</p><p>[2]Schillaci C, et al., 2017. Spatio-temporal topsoil organic carbon mapping of a semi-arid Mediterranean region: The role of land use, soil texture, topographic indices and the influence of remote sensing data to modelling. Sci Total Environ. </p>

scholarly journals Determining the Distribution and Interaction of Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, pH and Texture in Soil Profiles: A Case Study in the Lancangjiang River Basin, Southwest China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiang Zhou ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Man Liu ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Bin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Silty Loam

The profile distributions of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic nitrogen (SON), soil pH and soil texture were rarely investigated in the Lancangjiang River Basin. This study aims to present the vertical distributions of these soil properties and provide some insights about how they interact with each other in the two typical soil profiles. A total of 56 soil samples were collected from two soil profiles (LCJ S-1, LCJ S-2) in the Lancangjiang River Basin to analyze the profile distributions of SOC and SON and to determine the effects of soil pH and soil texture. Generally, the contents of SOC and SON decreased with increasing soil depth and SOC contents were higher than SON contents (average SOC vs. SON content: 3.87 g kg−1 vs. 1.92 g kg−1 in LCJ S-1 and 5.19 g kg−1 vs. 0.96 g kg−1 in LCJ S-2). Soil pH ranged from 4.50 to 5.74 in the two soil profiles and generally increased with increasing soil depth. According to the percentages of clay, silt, and sand, most soil samples can be categorized as silty loam. Soil pH values were negatively correlated with C/N ratios (r = −0.66, p < 0.01) and SOC contents (r = −0.52, p < 0.01). Clay contents were positively correlated with C/N ratios (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) and SOC contents (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). The results indicate that soil pH and clay are essential factors influencing the SOC spatial distributions in the two soil profiles.

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon Depletion from Forests to Grasslands Conversion in Mexico: A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deb Aryal ◽  
Danilo Morales Ruiz ◽  
César Tondopó Marroquín ◽  
René Pinto Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Guevara Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Soc Stocks

Land use change from forests to grazing lands is one of the important sources of greenhouse gas emissions in many parts of the tropics. The objective of this study was to analyze the extent of soil organic carbon (SOC) loss from the conversion of native forests to pasturelands in Mexico. We analyzed 66 sets of published research data with simultaneous measurements of soil organic carbon stocks between native forests and pasturelands in Mexico. We used a generalized linear mixed effect model to evaluate the effect of land use change (forest versus pasture), soil depth, and original native forest types. The model showed that there was a significant reduction in SOC stocks due to the conversion of native forests to pasturelands. The median loss of SOC ranged from 31.6% to 52.0% depending upon the soil depth. The highest loss was observed in tropical mangrove forests followed by highland tropical forests and humid tropical forests. Higher loss was detected in upper soil horizon (0–30 cm) compared to deeper horizons. The emissions of CO2 from SOC loss ranged from 46.7 to 165.5 Mg CO2 eq. ha−1 depending upon the type of original native forests. In this paper, we also discuss the effect that agroforestry practices such as silvopastoral arrangements and other management practices like rotational grazing, soil erosion control, and soil nutrient management can have in enhancing SOC stocks in tropical grasslands. The results on the degree of carbon loss can have strong implications in adopting appropriate management decisions that recover or retain carbon stocks in biomass and soils of tropical livestock production systems.

scholarly journals Mathematical Functions to Model the Depth Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in a Range of Soils from New South Wales, Australia under Different Land Uses

Soil Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Murphy ◽  
Brian R. Wilson ◽  
Terry Koen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
New South ◽  
Exponential Functions ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
South Wales

The nature of depth distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) was examined in 85 soils across New South Wales with the working hypothesis that the depth distribution of SOC is controlled by processes that vary with depth in the profile. Mathematical functions were fitted to 85 profiles of SOC with SOC values at depth intervals typically of 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–60, 60–70, 70–80, 80–90 and 90–100 cm. The functions fitted included exponential functions of the form SOC = A exp (Bz); SOC = A + B exp (Cz) as well as two phase exponential functions of the form SOC = A + B exp (Cz) + D exp (Ez). Other functions fitted included functions where the depth was a power exponent or an inverse term in a function. The universally best-fitting function was the exponential function SOC = A + B exp (Cz). When fitted, the most successful function was the two-phase exponential, but in several cases this function could not be fitted because of the large number of terms in the function. Semi-log plots of log values of the SOC against soil depth were also fitted to detect changes in the mathematical relationships between SOC and soil depth. These were hypothesized to represent changes in dominant soil processes at various depths. The success of the exponential function with an added constant, the two-phase exponential functions, and the demonstration of different phases within the semi-log plots confirmed our hypothesis that different processes were operating at different depths to control the depth distributions of SOC, there being a surface component, and deeper soil component. Several SOC profiles demonstrated specific features that are potentially important for the management of SOC profiles in soils. Woodland and to lesser extent pasture soils had a definite near surface zone within the SOC profile, indicating the addition of surface materials and high rates of fine root turnover. This zone was much less evident under cropping.

scholarly journals Comparatives Study of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) under Forest, Cultivated and Barren Land: A Case of Chovar Village, Kathmandu

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bhandari ◽  
S Bam
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
Land Use And Management

The study was carried out in Chovar village of Kritipur Municipality, Kathmandu to compare the soil organic carbon (SOC) of three main land use types namely forest, agricultural and barren land and to show how land use and management are among the most important determinants of SOC stock. Stratified random sampling method was used for collecting soil samples. Walkley and Black method was applied for measuring SOC. Land use and soil depth both affected SOC stock significantly. Forest soil had higher SOC stock (98 t ha-1) as compared to agricultural land with 36.6 t ha-1 and barren land with 83.6 t ha-1. Similarly, the SOC in terms of CO22-1, 79.27 to 22.02 CO2-e ha-1 and 121.11 to 80.74 CO2-1 for 0- 20 cm to 40-60 cm soil depth, respectively. Bulk density (BD) was found less in forest soil compared to other lands at all depths, which showed negative correlation with SOC. The study showed a dire need to increase current soil C stocks which can be achieved through improvements in land use and management practices, particularly through conservation and restoration of degraded forests and soils.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10422   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 103-108

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document