Application potential of small-scale solar desalination for brackish water in the Jordan Valley, Palestine

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Taha ◽  
Rashed Al-Sa’ed
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu S. Kamat ◽  
Dilip D. Sarode

Solar desalination technologies are becoming popular among the scientific community for the production of fresh water from the brackish water. Membrane technologies are expensive to be implemented on small scale. Solar stills have simple working principle and there is low cost associated with it. Varied configurations and modifications have been implemented to improve the performance of solar stills. Thermodynamic analysis has also been done for the same. However, it is important to also optimize various combinations of the operating parameters, including the cost-benefit analysis associated with it. This paper focuses on the review of the effects of various geometric and operating parameters, and also optimizing the thermodynamics to improve the performance of solar still.


Desalination ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 225 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan E.S. Fath ◽  
Samy M. Elsherbiny ◽  
Alaa A. Hassan ◽  
Matthias Rommel ◽  
Marcel Wieghaus ◽  
...  

Desalination ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
pp. 115521
Author(s):  
Amrit Kumar Thakur ◽  
Ravishankar Sathyamurthy ◽  
R. Saidur ◽  
R. Velraj ◽  
Iseult Lynch ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tala H. Qtaishat ◽  
Emad K. Al-Karablieh ◽  
Amer Z. Salman ◽  
Mohammad A. Tabieh ◽  
Hussain F. Al-Qudah ◽  
...  

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Lalzad ◽  
I. W. Eames ◽  
G. G. Maidment ◽  
T. G. Karayiannis

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
V R Auliya ◽  
B D Marsono ◽  
A Yuniarto ◽  
E Nurhayati

Abstract High salinity water, containing high TDS and chloride, is a common problem in coastal areas of Indonesia. The chloride content in water causes water to taste salty. It occurs in a small community of Tambak Cemandi Village, Sidoarjo. The groundwater has chloride content up to 3,694.3 mg/L, hardness 2,071 mg/L (CaCO3), and total coliform 7,100 MPN/100 mL. Membrane technology has been overgrowing all over the world in the water desalination process. This study aims to examine the basic concepts, principles, advantages, and disadvantages of membrane technology and its application in brackish water treatment for drinking purposes. This research was conducted by literature review, secondary data analysis, and application of case studies. The case study is applied to small scale drinking water treatment (flow rate 0.2 L/second) with brackish raw water from groundwater in Tambak Cemandi Village, where some of the population do not have access to safe drinking water. The study concludes that RO membranes with UF pre-treatment are adequate to treat 98%, 96%, and 100% of chloride content, hardness, and total coliform and fulfilled Indonesia Ministry regulation’s drinking water quality standard. The treatment can serve 202 people with an operational cost of Rp. 1,198/people.day.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 2750-2759
Author(s):  
Joachim Werner Zang ◽  
Warde Antonieta Da Fonseca-Zang ◽  
Stefan Reis

The technology of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermal chemical conversion process of organic waste into products in a reactor at low and medium temperatures and pressures, with catalysts, using residual raw materials of diversified origin, such as domestic, industrial, or agricultural. The products from the process have several energies (renewable sources) and environmental applications, such as carbon sink, soil conditioners and nanostructured materials. Implications inherent to the process, such as the type of residual biomass, the carbon phases produced (products), and adaptation of the small-scale system, have been researched in the activities. Experiences show that a laboratory-scale system transforms wet biomass from industrial waste, such as septic tank sludge, into products with application potential. The septic tank effluent originating from the great region of Goiânia was treated through hydrothermal carbonization, generating products in nanometer scale to which value could be added (potential result), in case of application at an industrial scale.   A tecnologia de carbonização hidrotermal (HTC) trata de processo de conversão termoquímica de substâncias residuárias orgânicas em produtos em reator em baixas e médias temperaturas e pressões, com catalisadores, utilizando matérias-primas residuais de origem diversificada, tais como doméstica, indústria ou agrícola. Os produtos do processo apresentam diversas aplicações energéticas (fontes renováveis) e ambientais, tais como sumidouro de carbono, condicionadores de solo e materiais nanoestruturados. Implicações inerentes ao processo, tais como o tipo de biomassa residuária, as fases de carbono produzidas (produtos) e adaptação do sistema de pequena escala, têm sido pesquisadas nas atividades. Experiências mostram que sistema em escala laboratorial transforma biomassa úmida de resíduos industriais, como lodo de fossas sépticas, em produtos com potencial de aplicação. O efluente de fossa séptica originário da grande região de Goiânia foi tratado através da carbonização hidrotermal, gerando produtos na escala nanométrica, aos quais poderiam ser agregados valor (resultado potencial), em caso de aplicação na escala industrial.


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