The Impact of International Remittances on Child Outcomes and Household Expenditures in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apsara Karki Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Household Expenditures ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
The Impact

International Remittances and Private Healthcare in Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Mohd Imran Khan ◽  
Valatheeswaran C.
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

The inflow of international remittances to Kerala has been increasing over the last three decades. It has increased the income of recipient households and enabled them to spend more on human capital investment. Using data from the Kerala Migration Survey-2010, this study analyses the impact of remittance receipts on the households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare in Kerala. This study employs an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of remittances receipts. The empirical results show that remittance income has a positive and significant impact on households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare services. After disaggregating the sample into different heterogeneous groups, this study found that remittances have a greater effect on lower-income households and Other Backward Class (OBC) households but not Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households, which remain excluded from reaping the benefit of international migration and remittances.

scholarly journals Retirement Age and Housing Consumption: The Case of South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1286
Author(s):  
Chunil Kim ◽  
Hyobi Choi ◽  
Yeol Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Housing Consumption ◽  
Household Expenditures ◽  
Housing Tenure Choice ◽  
Populated Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Real Assets

South Korea became an aging society in 2000 and will become a super-aged nation in 2026. The extended life expectancy and earlier retirement make workers’ preparation for retirement more difficult, and that hardship might lead to poorer living conditions after retirement. As annuity payments are, in general, not enough for retirees to maintain their previous standard of living after retirement, retired households would have to liquidate their financial and real assets to cover household expenditures. As housing takes the biggest share of households’ total assets in Korea, it seems to be natural for retirees to downsize their houses. However, there is no consensus in the housing literature on housing downsizing, and the debate is still ongoing. In order to understand whether or not housing downsizing by retirees occurs in Korea, this paper examines the impact of the timing of retirement on housing consumption using an econometric model of housing tenure choice and the consumption for housing. The results show that the early retirement group living in more populated region does not downsize the house, while the timing of retirement is negatively associated with housing consumption for the late retirement group living in the peripheral region.

scholarly journals Parental incarceration affects children’s emotional and behavioral outcomes: A longitudinal cohort study of children aged 9 to 13 years

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542199591
Author(s):  
Daragh Bradshaw ◽  
Ann-Marie Creaven ◽  
Orla T. Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Parental Incarceration ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Impact

Parental incarceration (PI) is negatively associated with emotional, educational, and psychological child outcomes. However, few studies explore potential mechanisms through which these outcomes are transmitted or the means by which prosocial outcomes might develop. This study used data from two waves of a population cohort study of children aged 9 years and followed up aged 13 years living in Ireland. Children and parents ( N = 8,568) completed measures of PI, primary caregiver (PCG) depression, PCG-child relationship quality, and child behavioral adjustment. We then conducted a secondary analysis on this national longitudinal study of children in Ireland. Using sequential mediation models, we observed a mediated indirect effect of PI on prosocial outcomes via PCG depression and PCG-child relationship quality. PI at age 9 was associated with increased difficulties and reduced prosocial behavior at age 13. Additionally, PI at age 9 affected PCG depression and the PCG-child relationship quality. Additionally, child prosocial outcomes, and emotional and behavioral difficulties were less apparent where PI had a weaker effect on PCG depression and the quality of PCG-child relationship. Supports that can mitigate the impact of PI for vulnerable caregivers and children are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Time-Varying Parent Input on Children’s Language Outcomes Differ for Vocabulary and Syntax

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097055
Author(s):  
Catriona Silvey ◽  
Özlem Ece Demir-Lira ◽  
Susan Goldin-Meadow ◽  
Stephen W. Raudenbush
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Linguistic Input ◽  
Language Input ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Early linguistic input is a powerful predictor of children’s language outcomes. We investigated two novel questions about this relationship: Does the impact of language input vary over time, and does the impact of time-varying language input on child outcomes differ for vocabulary and for syntax? Using methods from epidemiology to account for baseline and time-varying confounding, we predicted 64 children’s outcomes on standardized tests of vocabulary and syntax in kindergarten from their parents’ vocabulary and syntax input when the children were 14 and 30 months old. For vocabulary, children whose parents provided diverse input earlier as well as later in development were predicted to have the highest outcomes. For syntax, children whose parents’ input substantially increased in syntactic complexity over time were predicted to have the highest outcomes. The optimal sequence of parents’ linguistic input for supporting children’s language acquisition thus varies for vocabulary and for syntax.

Preemptive interventions for infants and toddlers with a high likelihood for autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110504
Author(s):  
Lauren H Hampton ◽  
Elizabeth M Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Parent Implementation ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the impact of preemptive interventions on development for those with a high likelihood for autism is a critical step in building a transdiagnostic model of optimized intervention. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the impact of preemptive autism interventions on parent outcomes and child developmental outcomes. A total of 345 unique records were assessed for eligibility yielding 13 unique studies with 715 total infant/toddlers with a high likelihood for autism. There was a significant association between the early interventions on parent implementation of intervention strategies immediately following the intervention. However, there was no significant association between the early interventions and child developmental outcomes. The studies reporting moderator and/or mediator analyses suggest a meaningful association between parent implementation and long-term child social communication outcomes. Taken together, these findings suggest that parent-mediated interventions are associated with improved parent use of strategies, and although these results do not translate into immediate or short-term child developmental outcomes, there is evidence that parents with the greatest implementation facilitate later improved communication outcomes for their children. There is an urgent need to develop a nuanced intervention approach during a time of ever-changing concern about child development. Lay abstract Interventions to address core symptoms for young children on the autism spectrum have a strong and growing evidence base. Adapting and delivering evidence-based interventions to infants and toddlers with a high likelihood for autism is a logical next step. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the association between infant and toddler interventions and developmental and family outcomes. Results indicate that these early interventions are effective for improving parent implementation of core strategies, yet the effects do not readily translate to child outcomes. However, key studies demonstrate conditional results that indicate that parent implementation is associated with child outcome. Implications for research and practice toward building adaptive interventions that respond to parent implementation and changing child characteristics are discussed.

Bounding Treatment Effects with Contaminated and Censored Data: Assessing the Impact of Early Childbearing on Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Censored Data ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
First Birth ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEmpirical researchers commonly invoke instrumental variable (IV) assumptions to identify treatment effects. This paper considers what can be learned under two specific violations of those assumptions: contaminated and corrupted data. Either of these violations prevents point identification, but sharp bounds of the treatment effect remain feasible. In an applied example, random miscarriages are an IV for women’s age at first birth. However, the inability to separate random miscarriages from behaviorally induced miscarriages (those caused by smoking and drinking) results in a contaminated sample. Furthermore, censored child outcomes produce a corrupted sample. Despite these limitations, the bounds demonstrate that delaying the age at first birth for the current population of non-black teenage mothers reduces their first-born child’s well-being.

scholarly journals DOES MICROFINANCE MODEL DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MICROFINANCE INTERVENTION IN ENHANCING MICROENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE? EVIDENCE FROM BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weni Hawariyuni ◽  
Salina Hj Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Household Expenditures ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The World ◽  
Original Product ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of different microfinance model in enhancing the performance of microenterprises in terms of income, fixed assets, and household expenditures. By focusing on the case of Bank Rakyat Indonesia, one of the most successful commercial microfinance providers in the world, two types of microfinance products, namely KUPEDES and KUR are being compared. The KUPEDES is original product of BRI Unit, while the KUR is a micro-product subsidized by the Indonesian government. Based on the experience of BRI Unit in Medan city, Indonesia, we assess the impact of microfinance intervention on 400 clients. The findings demonstrated that KUPEDES as original microproduct is more successful compared to KUR product in enhancing the performance of microenterprise through income, fixed assets, and household expenditures as successful indicators. =========================================== Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi keefektifan beragam model pendanaan mikro dalam meningkatkan performa usaha kecil dari segi pemasukan, aset tetap, dan belanja rumah tangga. Dengan fokus pada kasus Bank Rakyat Indonesia, salah satu pemberi dana mikro paling berhasil di dunia, kajian ini membandingkan dua macam produk pendanaan mikro, yaitu KUPEDES dan KUR. KUPEDES adalah produk original BRI sementara KUR adalah sebuah produk mikro yang disubsisdi oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Berdasarkan pengalaman BRI cabang Medan, Indonesia, penulis menilai dampak campur tangan pendanaan mikro terhadap 400 orang klien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KUPEDES sebagai produk mikro original dinilai lebih berhasil dibandingkan dengan KUR dalam meningkatkan performa usaha kecil dengan indikator kesuksesan: pemasukan, asset tetap, dan belanja rumah tangga.

For the Sake of the Kids

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-165
Author(s):  
David Rettew
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
The Impact

When a marriage is not going well, many parents agonize over the decision of whether or not to stay together “for the sake of the kids.” Fortunately, the topic has attracted the attention of mental health researchers, and there is now a fairly large body of work that has amassed to provide parents with a solid foundation of evidence-supported guidance. Divorce is often hard on children, but often the impact is not as intense or as permanent as people think. Not surprisingly, this chapter is full of “it depends” not only related to the child’s temperament but also with regard to many characteristics of the parent. In some cases, parental divorce has been shown to predict less negative child outcomes than, for example, marriages in which a parent is habitually hostile and aggressive.

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