Effects of grazing red clover(Trifolium pratense)or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white lover(Trifolium repens)pastures upon growth and venison production from weaner red deer(Cervus elaphus)

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Soetrisno ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
P. R. Wilson ◽  
J. Hodgson ◽  
R. W. Purchas
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover

scholarly journals Ileal amino acid digestibilities in pigs of barley-based diets with inclusion of lucerne (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reverter ◽  
T. Lundh ◽  
J. E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Two experiments were performed with post-valve T-cannulated growing pigs, using five animals in each experiment in a change-over design to evaluate the effect of inclusion of four different dried forage meals on ileal crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) digestibilities. The control diets (C1 and C2) were barley-based and the experimental diets were formulated by replacing the barley with 100 or 200 g/kg of either lucerne (Medicago sativa) or white clover (Trifolium repens) meal in Expt 1 and red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) meal in Expt 2. A decrease (P< 0·05) in the apparent ileal digestibility of CP and most of the essential and nonessential AA was found with the inclusion of lucerne, white clover and perennial ryegrass meal in the barley-based diets. When red clover meal was included, only the apparent ileal digestibilities of CP, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and glutamic acid were found to decrease (P< 0·05). The estimated apparent ileal digestibilities of most essential AA in the forage meals were lower than in the barley-based diets. The ileal flow of glucosamine and ornithine was found to increase (P< 0·05) with increasing proportion of fibre in the diet, suggesting an increase in endogenous N secretions and small-intestinal microbial activity. With the minor changes found for ileal essential AA digestibilities with forage meal inclusion in the diet the present data confirm the potential of forage meals as a source of protein in pig diets.

The effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense var. redhead), white clover (Trifolium repens var. S 100) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne var. S 23) on the reproductive performance of sheep

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Newton ◽  
J. E. Betts
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The Third ◽  
S 100 ◽  
The Mean

SummaryDuring 3 years, three groups of 20 Scottish half-bred ewes were grazed on perennial ryegrass, white clover or red clover. During this period the two legumes were oestrogenic, in terms of teat-length extension of wethers, but the perennial ryegrass was not. The white clover was only markedly oestrogenic when there was a high proportion of diseased leaves. The mean litter size and lambing percentage of the ewes grazed on red clover was significantly reduced. White clover, although it was oestrogenic, had no effect on mean litter size or lambing percentage. The mean litter size of the ewes on the perennial ryegrass was 2·35, 2·30 and 2·24, on the white clover was 2·20, 2·33 and 2·23 and on the red clover was 1middot;60, 1·67 and 1·78 for the three lambings. Lambing percentage of the ewes on the perennial ryegrass was 175, 225 and 218, on the white clover was 210, 222 and 189, and on the red clover was 160, 128 and 118 for the three lambings. The lambing date of the ewes grazing on the red clover was significantly later at the third lambing.

scholarly journals Weed Suppression Potential of Living Mulches, Newspaper Hydromulches, and Compost Blankets in Organically Managed Carrot Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jesse Puka-Beals ◽  
Greta Gamig
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Organically Managed

Direct seeding into strip-tilled zones (STZs) of living mulches may require weed suppression tactics for soil surfaces exposed within the STZ. Three surface mulch options (hydromulch, compost blanket, and a no-mulch control) were evaluated for their ability to suppress weeds and improve crop performance when applied in STZs seeded to carrot (Daucus carota). These STZs were located within one of five living mulch options [red clover (Trifolium pratense), white clover (Trifolium repens), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), a weed-free control, and a weedy control]. From measurements spanning 2 years at two North Dakota locations, dry weed biomass was lower in STZs where hydromulch or compost blankets were applied compared with the no-mulch control (12, 13, and 82 g·m−2, respectively). The presence of a living mulch adjacent to the STZ reduced carrot root biomass by 49% to 84% compared with the weed-free control. Further research should 1) investigate methods for reducing yield loss from living mulches, and 2) develop biodegradable alternatives to plastic mulches.

Growth and venison production from red deer (Cervus elaphus) grazing red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Semiadi ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
P. R. Wilson ◽  
J. Hodgson ◽  
R. W. Purchas
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Velvet Antler ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYA study of growth and venison production from weaner red deer grazing pure tetraploid red clover (RC) or conventional perennial ryegrass/white clover (PRG) pasture was conducted in 1990, with the objective of attaining a minimum slaughter liveweight of 92 kg (50 kg carcass) by 12 months of age in the stags. Ten weaner red deer stags and ten weaner red deer hinds were randomly selected and rotationally grazed on either RC or PRG forage. In autumn and spring, forage allowances were 7 kgDM/hd/day and 8 kgDM/hd/day respectively. In winter, the animals from both groups were grazed together on PRG pasture, at a residual dry matter (DM) of 1100 kgDM/ha. Total nitrogen (N) concentration was higher in RC on offer than in PRG on offer (autumn 3·4 v. 3·1 %DM; spring 3·8 v. 3·1 %DM), whilst organic matter digestibility (OMD; autumn 80·5 v. 76·5%; spring 82·1 v. 80·3%) was also higher for RC on offer. Diet selected showed similar differences in total N concentration, but there were negligible differences between forages in OMD.Liveweight gains of RC and PRG stags were respectively 263 v. 192 g/day, 101 v. 106 g/day and 354 v. 341 g/day during autumn, winter and spring, with the corresponding values for hinds being 198. 173 g/day, 52 v. 53 g/day and 242 v. 218 g/day. At one year of age, stags grazing RC were 7 kg heavier and hinds 3 kg heavier than animals grazing PRG pasture. Animals grazing RC forage had higher voluntary feed intake (VFI) in both autumn (P < 0·10) and spring (P < 0·001), than animals grazing PRG pasture.All stags grazing RC forage reached the minimum slaughter liveweight by one year of age, compared to 75% of those grazing PRG pasture. At slaughter, stags that had grazed RC produced heavier carcass weights (59·9 v. 54·5 kg, P < 0·01), had higher carcass dressing percentage (55·3 v. 53·2 %; P < 0·01), and tended to have slightly greater carcass subcutaneous fat depth than stags grazing PRG pasture, but this effect disappeared when the data were corrected to equal carcass weight. All stags grazing RC produced velvet antler, relative to 75% of those grazing PRG; in stags producing harvestable velvet antler, there was no difference in antler weight between those grazing RC and PRG. It is concluded that RC offers potential as a special-purpose forage for the growth of weaner red deer.

Effects of grazing chicory (Cichorium intybus) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture upon the growth and voluntary feed intake of red and hybrid deer during lactation and post-weaning growth

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusmartono ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
P. R. Wilson ◽  
P. D. Kemp ◽  
K. J. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Velvet Antler ◽  
Deer Grazing

SUMMARYTwo grazing trials were carried out at Palmerston North, New Zealand using lactating red deer hinds in summer 1994 (Expt 1) and using weaner deer during the autumn, winter and spring of 1993 (Expt 2), to compare the feeding value of chicory (Cichorium intybus) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture for increasing the growth of deer calves. Red deer and hybrid (0·25 elk; 0·75 red deer) calves were used in both experiments. Experiment 2 concluded with slaughter at the end of spring, when the deer were c. 12 months old. In both experiments, animals were rotationally grazed on either pasture or chicory with DM allowances being 12 kg DM/hind per day (Expt 1), and 6, 6 and 7 kg DM/head per day during autumn, winter and spring respectively (Expt 2).Perennial ryegrass comprised 62% of pasture on offer in Expt 1 and 78–90% in Expt 2, whilst chicory comprised 90–92% of forage on offer in both experiments. Relative to pasture, chicory had a higher ratio of readily fermentable: structural carbohydrate and had higher organic matter digestibility (OMD) in summer and autumn but not in spring.Deer grazing chicory had higher voluntary feed intake (VFI), bite weight, liveweight gain (LWG), carcass dressing percentage and carcass weight and much shorter ruminating time than deer grazing pasture. Hybrid deer grew better than red deer and there were forage × genotype interactions in Expt 2, with LWG and carcass weight of hybrid deer being much greater when grazed on chicory. Carcass weight for red deer and hybrid stags was 63·2 and 73·0 kg when grazed on chicory and 56·6 and 57·0 kg when grazed on pasture. Grazing chicory advanced the date of first-cut velvet antler by 28 days and increased the weight of total harvestable (first-cut + regrowth) velvet antler. It is concluded that grazing chicory increased carcass weight, especially in hybrid stags with increased growth potential, and increased velvet antler production. This was achieved by increased VFI in all seasons and increased OMD of chicory in summer and autumn relative to deer grazing pasture. Further research is need to determine the efficiency of rumination on particle size breakdown and to measure rumen outflow rate in deer fed chicory.

Influence of Paraquat on Seed Germination

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold P. Appleby ◽  
Ronald G. Brenchley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Grass Species

Three experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to study the effect of 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt (paraquat) when sprayed directly on seeds at the soil surface. Germination of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., var. DuPuit) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L., var. Kenland) was not affected at 1 1b/A paraquat, but germination of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L., var. Newport) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., var. Linn) was severely reduced at that rate. A protecting layer of soil approximately 0.25 inch thick was completely effective in protecting the seeds from the effect of paraquat. Germination of seven other grass species was reduced by 0.5 1b/A paraquat.

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